2022-2023年考博英语-华东政法大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第12期

2022-2023年考博英语-华东政法大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the _ sight on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项panic“恐慌的；没有理由的”；B选项patriotic“爱国的”；C选项pathetic“可怜的，悲哀的；感伤的；乏味的”；D选项periodic“周期的；定期的”。句意：一场可怕的交通事故发生了；人们在电视上看到那_情景时感到很悲伤。本句表达“看到可怜的场景感到悲伤”，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Dell quit dealing in souped-up versions of other companies products, and started designing, _ and marketing his own.问题1选项A.fashioningB.assemblingC.pruningD.slashing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fashioning“使用；改变；做成的形状”；B选项assembling“集合，聚集；装配；收集”；C选项pruning“修剪”；D选项slashing“砍；鞭打”。句意：戴尔不再经营其他公司产品的升级版，而是开始设计、_和营销自己的产品。本句表达“戴尔公司开始设计，装配和营销自己的产品”。因此B选项符合题意。3. 单选题Merdine is her own woman, with an identity _ from her mothers.问题1选项A.discreteB.distinctiveC.distinctD.discreet【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项discrete“离散的，不连续的”；B选项distinctive“独特的，有特色的；与众不同的（常用来说某个人或物具有独有的、区别于其他的特质）”；C选项distinct“明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的（用于描述两个或多个不同事物或事物群体）”；D选项discreet“谨慎的；小心的”。句意：玛丁是她自己的女人，有着与她母亲_的身份。本句表达“玛丁和她母亲两者的身份截然不同”。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题I was so sick last night that I felt as if the room _ round.问题1选项A.would goB.had goneC.were goingD.should go【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：昨晚我病得很厉害，觉得房间里好像在转。根据句意可知是“我”病得很厉害的这段时间觉得房间在转，要用表示过去的时态，排除A选项和D选项；B选项是过去完成时，表示发生主语谓语动词之前，一直延续到主句谓语动词发生停止，则为先觉得房间在转，再病得厉害，逻辑不正确；C选项时态和语态符合原题。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题All of the women _ at how well formed the baby was.问题1选项A.acclaimedB.declaimedC.proclaimedD.exclaimed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项acclaimed“称赞；为喝彩，向欢呼”；B选项declaimed“慷慨陈词；演讲；朗读”；C选项proclaimed“宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项exclaimed “（由于强烈的情感或痛苦而）惊叫，呼喊”。句意：所有的妇女都_这个婴儿发育得多么好。本句表达“妇女称赞婴儿发育的好”，因此C选项正确。6. 单选题. (Intellectual Properties)In cases where a nominative fair use defense is raised, we ask whether (1) the product was “readily identifiable” without use of the mark; (2) defendant used more of the mark than necessary; or (3) defendant falsely suggested he was sponsored or endorsed by the trademark holder. This test “evaluates the likelihood of confusion in nominative use cases”. Its designed to address the risk that nominative use of the mark will inspire a mistaken belief on the part of consumers that the speaker is sponsored or endorsed by the trademark holder. The third factor speaks directly to the risk of such confusion, and the others do so indirectly: Consumers may reasonably infer sponsorship or endorsement if a company uses an unnecessary trademark or “more” of a mark than necessary. But if the nominative use satisfies the three factor New Kids test, it doesnt infringe. If the nominative use does not satisfy all the New Kids factors, the district court may order defendants to modify their use of the mark so that all three factors are satisfied; it may not enjoin nominative use of the mark altogether. The district court enjoined the Tabaris from using “any TTT domain name, service mark, trademark, trade name, meta tag or other commercial indication of origin that includes the mark LEXUS.” A trademark injunction, particularly one involving nominative fair use, can raise serious First Amendment concerns because it can interfere with truthful communication between buyers and sellers in the marketplace. Accordingly, “we must ensure that the injunction is tailored to eliminate only the specific harm alleged.” To uphold the broad injunction entered in this case, we would have to be convinced that consumers are likely to believe a site is sponsored or endorsed by a trademark holder whenever the domain name contains the string of letters that make up the trademark. In performing this analysis, our focus must be on the “reasonably prudent consumer in the marketplace”. The relevant marketplace is the online marketplace, and the relevant consumer is a reasonably prudent consumer accustomed to shopping online; the kind of consumer who is likely to visit the Tabaris website when shopping for an expensive product like a luxury car. Unreasonable, imprudent and inexperienced web shoppers are not relevant. The injunction here is plainly overbroad as even Toyotas counsel grudgingly conceded at oral argument because it prohibits domain names that on their face dispel any confusion as to sponsorship or endorsement.87. The 3 factor test for nominative fair use is NOT designed to _.88. Consumers may reasonably infer sponsorship or endorsement because _.89. From the underlined sentence, one can infer that _.90. Which of the following is NOT necessary for the court to uphold the broad injunction made by the lower court?问题1选项A.prevent a mistaken belief that the use is endorsed by the trademark holderB.resolve the likelihood of confusion in nominative useC.deal with the mistaken belief by the consumersD.address the risk of nominative use问题2选项A.it is not necessary for a company to use a trademarkB.a company may use more marks than necessaryC.of a companys use of an unnecessary trademarkD.it is necessary for a company to use a trademark问题3选项A.the First Amendment concerns with freedom of speechB.a trademark injunction can interfere with truthful communicationC.a trademark injunction always involves nominative fair useD.buyers and sellers are in the marketplace问题4选项A.The relevant marketplace is the online marketplace.B.The unreasonable, imprudent and inexperienced web shoppersC.The prudent consumer accustomed to shopping onlineD.The kind of consumer who is likely to visit the Tabaris website【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B【解析】87. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文This test “evaluates the likelihood of confusion in nominative use cases”. Its designed to address the risk that nominative use of the mark will inspire a mistaken belief on the part of consumers that the speaker is sponsored or endorsed by the trademark holder.（这个测试“评估指称性使用例中混淆的可能性”。它的目的是解决这样一种风险，即商标的提名使用会让消费者误以为说话者是由商标持有人赞助或支持的）可知C选项“处理消费者的错误信念”并不是命名的合理使用的三因素测试设计的目的；A选项“防止错误地认为使用是由商标持有人支持的”，B选项“解决指称性使用混淆的可能性”以及D选项“解决指称性使用的风险”是其测试涉及的目的。因此C选项正确。88. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文The third factor speaks directly to the risk of such confusion, and the others do so indirectly: Consumers may reasonably infer sponsorship or endorsement if a company uses an unnecessary trademark or “more” of a mark than necessary.（第三个因素直接说明了这种混淆的风险，而其他因素则间接说明了这一点：如果一家公司使用了不必要的商标或比必要的商标“更多”，消费者可能会合理地推断出赞助或支持）可知选B选项“一个公司可能使用比必要的更多的标志”；A选项“公司没有必要使用商标”，C选项“公司使用不必要的商标”以及D选项“公司使用商标是必要的”不符合原文。因此B选项正确。89. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到划线句子部分A trademark injunction, particularly one involving nominative fair use, can raise serious First Amendment concerns because it can interfere with truthful communication between buyers and sellers in the marketplace.（一项商标禁令，特别是涉及提名的合理使用的禁令，可能会引起第一修正案(First Amendment)的严重关切，因为它可能会干扰市场上买卖双方的真实沟通）可知B选项“商标禁令可能干扰真实沟通”符合原文；A选项“第一修正案涉及言论自由”，C选项“商标禁令总是涉及到命名的合理使用”以及D选项“买方和卖方在市场”无法从划线句子部分推断出，排除。因此B选项正确。90. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文The relevant marketplace is the online marketplace, and the relevant consumer is a reasonably prudent consumer accustomed to shopping online; the kind of consumer who is likely to visit the Tabaris website when shopping for an expensive product like a luxury car. Unreasonable, imprudent and inexperienced web shoppers are not relevant.（相关市场是网络市场，相关消费者是习惯在网上购物的合理谨慎的消费者；这类消费者在购买豪华车等昂贵产品时，可能会访问Tabaris的网站。不合理、轻率和缺乏经验的网上购物者并不必要）可知选B选项“不合理、轻率和缺乏经验的网络购物者”；A选项“相关的市场是在线市场”，C选项“习惯网上购物的谨慎消费者”以及D选项“可能访问Tabaris网站的消费者”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.Its easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But its disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards he was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the companys executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.1.It can be concluded from the passage that _.2.It is implied in the third paragraph that _.3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?4.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?5.The passage is mainly about _.问题1选项A.it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB.computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutionsC.many computer criminals can escape punishment because they cant be detectedD.people commit computer crimes at the request of their company问题2选项A.many more computer crimes go undetected than are discoveredB.the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC.most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD.most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their bad luck问题3选项A.A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.B.Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.C.Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.D.Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.问题4选项A.With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.B.They will be denied access to confidential records.C.They may walk away and easily find another job.D.They must leave the country or go to jail.问题5选项A.why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspectionsB.how computer criminals manage to get good recommendation from their former employersC.why computer criminals are often able to escape punishmentD.why computer crimes cant be eliminated【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到原文第四段第一，二句For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards he was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions.（例如，一个键盘打孔操作员抱怨说，他不得不加班打卡。调查显示，他被要求打额外的卡是为了不诚实的交易）可知人们可能会被公司要求进行计算机犯罪，选D选项“人们在公司的要求下进行计算机犯罪”；根据第二段Its easy for computer crimes to go undetectedBut even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished.（电脑犯罪很容易不被发现但即使被发现，罪犯不仅可能逍遥法外）可知A选项“今天仍然不可能发现计算机犯罪”错误；原文没有确切的提及B选项“计算机犯罪是金融机构运作中最严重的问题”；第五段Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.（与其他违法者不同，电脑罪犯有时会逃避惩罚，他们不仅要求不起诉他们，还要求给他们好的推荐信或者其他好处）以及第六段Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused.（为什么？因为公司的管理人员担心，如果公众发现他们的电脑被滥用，会造成不良的公众形象）可知C选项“许多计算机罪犯可以逃脱惩罚，因为他们不能被发现”错误。因此D选项符合题意。2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But its disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.（当然，我们没有未被发现的犯罪的统计数据。但令人不安的是，我们知道有多少犯罪是偶然发现的，而不是通过系统检查或其他安全程序。被抓住的计算机罪犯可能是不寻常的坏运气的受害者）可知作者暗示系统检查或其他安全程序并不能很好的发现犯罪行为，被发现的罪犯很多只是因为运气不好被偶然发现，而没有被发现的罪犯数量要多得多，选A选项“没有被发现的电脑犯罪比被发现的要多得多”；B选项“计算机犯罪的迅速增加是一个棘手的问题”，C选项“大多数电脑罪犯足够聪明来掩盖他们的罪行”以及D选项“大多数电脑罪犯都足够聪明来掩盖他们的坏运气”原文未提及，原段落未表明大多数电脑罪犯足够聪明这一观点。因此A选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the companys executives, accountants, and security staff.（一想到一个罪犯在公开法庭上吹嘘自己是如何在公司高管、会计和安全人员的鼻子底下篡改最机密的记录，他们就会犹豫）可知选D选项“公司通常对揭露计算机犯罪犹豫不决”，结合最后一段最后一句话And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.（就这样，另一个电脑罪犯离开了，只带着他需要的建议去其他地方继续他的犯罪）可知C选项“公司将防范计算机犯罪以保护他们的声誉”错误；A选项“必须实施严厉的法律来打击计算机犯罪”，B选项“公司需要对机密信息施加限制”未在文章内提及。因此D选项正确。4.推理判断题。第五段Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.（与其他违法者不同，电脑罪犯有时会逃避惩罚，他们不仅要求不起诉他们，还要求给他们好的推荐信或者其他好处）以及第六段And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.（就这样，另一个电脑罪犯离开了，只带着他需要的建议去其他地方继续他的犯罪）可知选C选项“他们可能会离开，很容易找到另一份工作”，同时可知A选项“由于名声不好，他们很难找到另一份工作”，D选项“他们必须离开这个国家，否则就进监狱”错误；B选项“他们将被拒绝访问机密记录”原文未提及。因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.（任何聪明到能够为自己的目的修改这些信息的人都能获得可观的回报。更糟糕的是，许多这样做并被抓住的人都设法逃脱了惩罚）可知文章开头就提到很多计算机罪犯即使被抓住也会逃脱惩罚，接下来的几段都围绕这一观点展开，分别列举不同的例子来证明为什么这件事会发生，可知选C选项“为什么电脑罪犯经常能够逃脱惩罚”；原文只是提及But its disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.（但令人不安的是，我们知道有多少犯罪是偶然发现的，而不是通过系统检查或其他安全程序），没有详细描写A选项“为什么计算机犯罪很难被系统的检查发现”，排除；B选项“计算机罪犯如何设法从他们的前雇主那里得到好的推荐信”和原文不相符；D选项“为什么计算机犯罪不能被消除”原文未提及。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _ to go to school.问题1选项A.to be encouragedB.been encouragedC.being encouragedD.be encourage【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词with可引出分词独立结构，表示一种陪衬性动作或补充说明。A选项：动词不定式常作目的状语或表示将来的动作，不能引出陪衬性动作；B选项和D选项这两种形式不属于非谓语动词，排除；C选项现在分词表示陪衬性动作，符合题意。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题. (Litigation Procedure)A related consequence of the trials disappearance would be the increasing bureaucratization of American society. Corporate bureaucracies rationally organized to achieve profit maximization would be less qualified. We would have to rely more completely on our often politically beleaguered administrative agencies to control the latter. And even within the legal system itself, formalistic modes of adjudication, which parallel bureaucratic decision-making, would be less qualified. Bureaucratic modes of social ordering seek “to exclude questions of value or preference as obviously irrelevant to the administrative task, and it would view reliance on nonreplicable, nonreviewable judgment or intuition as a singularly unattractive method for decision”. Insofar as a bureaucratic apparatus grinds forward mechanically and inexorably we may end up with what Hannah Arendt has famously called an irresponsible “rule by nobody”.It is unlikely, however, in many cases that general rules really do decide particular cases. Instead of a mechanical system deciding cases deductively, what we will probably have in many cases are judges deciding cases in the interstices of complex rules which do not themselves decide the case. Unlike the devices of the trial, which can really “get inside” the decision-maker and whose moral sources actually can trump the subjectivity of a lone decision-maker, complex patterns of jurisdictional, procedural, evidentiary, and substantive rules can invite manipulation by a Cartesian judge viewing those rules from a distance. After all, as Judge Posner, put it, “There is almost no legal outcome that a really skillful legal analyst cannot cover over with legal varnish (漆)” at least “when the law is uncertain and emotions aroused”. The grim picture that thus emerges from the trials disappearance is a bureaucratized world where the run of cases are ground out by an irresponsible mechanism and the remaining cases “when the law is uncertain and emotions aroused” by the untutored subjectivity or political commitments of the judge. There is another effect of the declining importance of public processes of adjudication.We are continuing to lose a major source of public information on important questions of general concern. “As long as courts continue to be places that provide public data in volume and kind outstripping that produced about adjudication in administrative agencies, and as long as private providers do not regularly disseminate information about or provide access to their processes,” then “with the declining trial rate comes a diminution of public knowledge of disputes, of the behavior of judges，and of the forging in public of normative responses to discord.”83. The underlined sentence means that bureaucratic modes of social ordering _.84. The statement closest in meaning to Judge Posners statement is _.85. When courts continue to be places that provide public data, the declining trial rate does NOT come with _.86. According to the author, what will NOT happen if trial disappears in the United States?问题1选项A.do not look into value or preference but rather rely on judgment or intuition when making decisionB.have nothing to do with value or preferenceC.are a kind of administrative taskD.rely on judgment or intuition问题2选项A.A really skillful legal analyst can always cover over himselfB.A skillful judge can always find a legal reason for his judgmentC.The law is uncertain and emotions arousedD.Legal varnish can cover over legal outcome问题3选项A.decrease of public knowledge of disputesB.diminution of public information regarding judges behaviorC.growth of forging in public of normative responses to discordD.lessening of public awareness of forging in public of normative responses to discord问题4选项A.Formalistic modes of adjudication would be less qualified.B.Corporate bureaucracies would become less qualified.C.People would have to rely more completely on administrative agencies.D.Bureaucratic decision-making would be qualified.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】83. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到划线句子Bureaucratic modes of social ordering seek “to exclude questions of value or preference as obviously irrelevant to the administrative task, and it would view reliance on nonreplicable, nonreviewable judgment or intuition as a singularly unattractive method for decision”.（社会秩序的官僚模式寻求“排除与行政任务明显无关的价值或偏好问题，并将依赖不可复制、不可审查的判断或直觉视为一种非常没有吸引力的决策方法”）可知官僚模式将直觉视为决策方法，选A选项“不考虑价值或偏好，而是依靠判断或直觉做决定”；B选项“与价值或偏好无关”，C选项“是一种行政任务”以及D选项“依靠判断或直觉”和原文不符。因此A选项正确。84. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Judge Posner”定位到原文第二段A