2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解49

2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题In order to（ ）a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.问题1选项A.requireB.inquireC.acquireD.address【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项require“需要，要求”；B选项inquire“询问”；C选项acquire“获得”；D选项address“演说，致辞”。句意：为了获得英语知识，他放弃了工作，到一所英语学校学习。选项C符合语境。2. 单选题It was with great delight that I read in your February（ ）the letter to the Editor written by Prof. Johnson.问题1选项A.copyB.issueC.magazineD.printing【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项copy“抄送，副本”；B选项issue“问题，期号”；C选项magazine“杂志”；D选项printing“印刷”。句意：我非常高兴在贵刊二月的一期中读到了约翰逊教授写给编辑的信。这里指的是某杂志二月份的那一期，所以选项B符合语境。3. 单选题You will get to the church more quickly if you take this（ ）across the fields.问题1选项A.trackB.passageC.methodD.journey【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项track“轨道，足迹，小道”；B选项passage“走廊，通道”；C选项method“方法”；D选项 journey“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你沿着这条小路穿过田野，到教堂会快一些。选项A符合语境。4. 单选题Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely（1）entertainment, resent programs that put（2）on them and are surprised that anybody should（3）the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly（4）with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author, Cardiac Cullingford （5）that the modern child is a（6）viewer. The study suggests that there is little（7）in the later hours. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.Apart from the obvious waste of time（8）, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Cullingford says that children can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can（9）explain the elements of a particular plot. Recall was in “（10）proportion to the amount they had watched”. It is precisely because television,（11）a teacher, demands so little attention and response（12）children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to（13）serious messages are strongly disliked.（14）people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most are the advertisements. They see them as short programs（15）their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they（16）strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to（17）them.In addition, children are not（18）involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money,（19）their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. Children are perfectly（20）the functions of advertisements. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.问题1选项A.forB.asC.likeD.at问题2选项A.reformsB.commentsC.callsD.demands问题3选项A.adjustB.selectC.takeD.restrict问题4选项A.gratifiedB.acquaintedC.infectedD.bored问题5选项A.conformsB.confirmsC.confessesD.refutes问题6选项A.dedicatedB.sincereC.preoccupiedD.choosy问题7选项A.perfectionB.faithC.intentionD.point问题8选项A.resolvedB.involvedC.revivedD.revolved问题9选项A.rarelyB.fairlyC.abundantlyD.fully问题10选项A.diverseB.reverseC.immerseD.direct问题11选项A.dislikeB.likeC.unlikeD.unlikely问题12选项A.whyB.thatC.whichD.whether问题13选项A.put overB.carry overC.see overD.take over问题14选项A.Those areB.So areC.They areD.There are问题15选项A.inB.amongC.throughD.with问题16选项A.weighB.reactC.discriminateD.proceed问题17选项A.influenceB.have influencedC.influencedD.influencing问题18选项A.indifferentlyB.emotionallyC.intellectuallyD.facilely问题19选项A.mainly becauseB.partly becauseC.not becauseD.not because of问题20选项A.clear aboutB.clear upC.clear awayD.clear of【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:B第15题:A第16题:B第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。regard.as意为“将视为”。原文指的是孩子们纯粹地将电视视为娱乐，选项B符合原文。2.考查名词辨析。A选项reform“改革，改良”；B选项comment“评论，意见”；C选项call“拜访”；D选项demand“要求，需求”。根据句意“他们讨厌那些对他们提出要求的节目”，选项D符合语境。3.考查固定搭配。take seriously意为“重视，认真对待”，原文指的是认真对待媒体。所以选项C符合语境。4.考查形容词辨析。A选项gratified“满意的”；B选项acquainted“熟识的”；C选项infected“受感染的”；D选项bored“无聊的，烦人的”。根据前面的“over-excited”可知，后面应填入与之意思相反的词。句意“他们非但没有对节目过于兴奋，反而对整个节目有点厌烦。”选项D最符合语境。5.考查动词辨析。A选项conform“遵守，符合”；B选项confirm“确认，证实”；C选项confess“承认，坦白，忏悔”；D选项refute“反驳”。结合上下文的语境可知，前面提出结论，作者Cardiac Cullingford加以证实，所以选项B符合语境。6.考查上下文语义。根据本段的最后一句“所有11岁的孩子都在午夜之后看节目。”由此可推断，孩子们应该是专用的观众。A选项dedicated“专用的，专注的”；B选项sincere“真诚的”；C选项preoccupied“全神贯注的”；D选项choosy“挑剔的”。选项A符合语境，选项C用在此处不太恰当。7.考查固定用法。There is little point意为“做某事没有多少意义”。所以选项D正确。8.考查上下文语义。A选项resolved“解决，决定”；B选项involved“涉及，包含”；C选项revived“复活，再生”；D选项revolved“旋转”。根据句意“除了涉及到明显的时间浪费，收看电视等所有这些似乎没有什么影响。”选项B符合语境。9.考查上下文语境。A选项rarely“很少地”；B选项fairly“相当地”；C选项abundantly“丰富地，大量地”；D选项fully“充分地”。根据上文Cullingford提及的“孩子们能回忆起的细节很少”可知，这里也应该是“很少能解释某个特定情节的元素”。所以选项A正确。10.考查形容词辨析。A选项diverse“不同的，多样的”；B选项reverse“相反的，颠倒的”；C选项immerse“沉浸，陷入”；D选项direct“直接的”。结合上下文的内容可知，他们（孩子们）的回忆“与观看的数量成反比”，也就是前面所说的，看得越多，记得越少。所以选项B正确。11.考查上下文语义。根据原文可知，这里是将电视和老师进行对比，说明电视不像老师那样，只需要很少的关注和回忆。所以选项C符合语境。12.考查固定句型。sothat意为“太以至于”，所以选项B正确。13.考查词组辨析。A选项put over“说明，解释，被接受”；B选项carry over“继续存在”；C选项see over“检查，察看”；D选项take over“接管，接收”。根据句意可知，这里是指试图传递严肃信息的节目非常不受欢迎，也就是说，节目试图使严肃的信息被大家所接受，所以选项A符合语境。14.考查so的用法。根据句意可知，这里指的是“经常在屏幕上讲话的人也是如此。”表示“也一样，也是如此”用“so+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”，所以选项B正确。15.考查固定搭配。in ones own right意为“本身”，所以选项A正确。16.考查动词辨析。A选项weigh“权衡，考虑”；B选项react“作出反应”；C选项discriminate“歧视，辨别”；D选项proceed“开始，继续进行”。根据句意可知，他们应该是强烈反对那些影响他们的广告，react against意为“反对，反抗”，选项B符合语境。17.考查固定用法。attempt to do意为“尝试去做某事”，不定式to后面接动词原形，所以选项A正确。18.考查副词辨析。A选项indifferently“冷淡地，漠不关心地”；B选项emotionally“令人激动地，情绪冲动地”；C选项intellectually“智力上，理智地”；D选项facilely“轻快地”。根据句意“他们（孩子们）并没有情绪激动地牵涉进这些节目中。”选项B符合语境。19.考查because的用法。句意“他们羡慕明星，是因为演员们过着光鲜亮丽的生活，能赚很多钱，而不是因为他们拥有赛车和拍摄反派角色的虚构技能。”A选项mainly because“主要是因为”；B选项partly because“部分是因为”；C选项not because“不是因为”；D选项not because of“不是因为”。选项C和选项D的区别在于，because后面接句子，because of后面接短语。填空处后面是短语而不是完整的句子，所以只能选D。20.考查词组辨析。A选项clear about“清楚，明白”；B选项clear up“整理，打扫”；C选项clear away“清除，收拾，消失”；D选项clear of“清除，扫清”。根据句意“孩子们非常清楚广告的作用。”选项A符合语境。5. 单选题They are bound to fail if they continue at the risk of all these dangers.问题1选项A.are unnecessaryB.are certainC.are simpleD.are alternative【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。根据句意：如果他们继续冒着所有这些危险，他们会失败。这里表示的是肯定的说法，be bound to意为“肯定，必然”。A选项are unnecessary“不必要的”；B选项are certain“必然的，确信的”；C选项are simple“简单的，单纯的”；D选项are alternative“供选择的”。选项B符合语境。6. 单选题This will make art groups more directly and effectively（ ）to audiences, and more responsive to their criticisms and wishes.问题1选项A.availableB.accountableC.subjectedD.submitted【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项available“可获得的”；B选项accountable“有责任的，可解释的”；C选项subjected“使遭受”；D选项submitted“递交，主张”。句意“这将使艺术团体更直接和有效地与观众接触，并对他们的批评和愿望作出更积极的回应。”选项A符合语境。7. 单选题We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic (人口统计学) growth to “a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of rapid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1. According to the passage, “population as a global issue” （ ）.2. It can be inferred from the example of a power fuse that（ ）.3. What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?4. The reason for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that（ ）.5. How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?问题1选项A.is quite unlike the population problem and thus doesnt need our concernB.focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growthC.deals with the same problem aroused by the population problemD.will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives问题2选项A.too much population will one day lead to the doom of human beingsB.the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of EarthC.demographic growth will follow a certain pattern of ups and downsD.it is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually问题3选项A.Species competitionB.Low fertilityC.Tribal fightsD.High rate of death问题4选项A.people are permitted to have more childrenB.people can live better than beforeC.newborn babies die less than beforeD.we have found the secret of longevity问题5选项A.Eighty million.B.Eight thousandC.Fifty thousandD.Five million【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。原文首段第一句提及“We can begin our discussion of population as a global issue with what most person mean when they discuss the population problem 当大多数人在讨论人口问题的时候，我们也可以开始人口作为一个全球问题的讨论。”由此可知，这两个问题是一样的，都是由人口问题引发的，所以选项C正确。2.判断推理题。根据关键词“power fuse”定位到第一段最后一句“It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic growth to a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes. 它很正确地使用了一个类似的问题，即把人口增长与一根又长又细的电源保险丝，它不时地稳定燃烧，直到最终达到极限并爆炸联系起来。”由此可知，作者是想通过电源保险丝的例子告诉我们，人口过多总有一天会导致人类的灭亡，所以选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的倒数第三句“For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. 在人类历史的大部分时间里，很少会有十分之一的人活过四十岁，而在这个时期，婴儿期和儿童期是特别危险的。”也就是说，导致人口稳定增长的原因是高死亡率，选项D符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容：它不仅从历史的角度看待目前的人口增长问题，它表明了近年来人口快速增长的原因不是人们突然想要生更多的孩子，而是因为改善了传统上造成高死亡率的状况。由此可知，人口快速增长的真正原因在于死亡率的改善，所以选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题干问的是“目前每六小时有多少人出生?”根据最后一段的最后三句“Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually. 公元前8000年1650年间，世界人口平均每年只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六小时增加一次。每年大约增加8000万人。”由此可知，现在每六个小时有5万人出生，所以选项C正确。8. 单选题My cat is a fussy eater, but my dog is so（ ）that shell swallow down anything that is put in front of her.问题1选项A.indiscriminateB.choosyC.indefiniteD.picky【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indiscriminate“不加选择的”；B选项choosy“好挑剔的”；C选项indefinite“不确定的，无限的”；D选项picky“挑剔的”。句意：我的猫很挑食，但我的狗却不加选择地吃任何摆在她面前的东西。根据句意可知，填空处应填入一个和fussy（爱挑剔的）意思相反的单词，所以选项A符合语境。9. 单选题Writing is a slow process, requiring（ ）thought, time and effort.问题1选项A.significantB.considerableC.greatD.numerous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项significant“重大的，有意义的”；B选项considerable“相当大的，可观的”；C选项great“伟大的，极好的”；D选项numerous“很多的”。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。选项B符合语境。10. 单选题In an environmentally conscious tweak on the typical way of getting food to the table, growing numbers of people are skipping out on grocery stores and even farmers markets and instead going right to the source by buying shares of farms.On one of the farms, here about 35 miles west of Chicago, Steve Trisko was weeding beets the other day and cutting back a shade tree so baby tomatoes could get sunlight. Mr. Trisko is a retired computer consultant who owns shares in the four-acre Erehwon Farm.“We decided that its in our interest to have a small farm succeed, and have them be able to have a sustainable farm producing good food,” Mr. Trisko said.Part of a loose but growing network mostly mobilized on the Internet, Erehwon is participating in what is known as community-supported agriculture. About 150 people have bought shares in Erehwon in essence, hiring personal farmers and turning the old notion of sharecropping on its head.The concept was imported from Europe and Asia in the 1980s as an alternative marketing and financing arrangement to help combat the often prohibitive costs of small-scale farming. But until recently, it was slow to take root. There were fewer than 100 such farms in the early 1990s, but in the last several years the numbers have grown to close to 1,500, according to academic experts who have followed the trend.“I think people are becoming more local-minded, and this fits right into that,” said Nichole D. Nazelrod, program coordinator at the Fulton Center for Sustainable Living at Wilson College in Chambersburg, Pa., a national clearinghouse for community-supported farms. “People are seeing ways to come together and work together to make this successful.”The shareholders of Erehwon Farm have open access to the land and a guaranteed percentage of the seasons harvest of fruit and vegetables for packages that range from about $300 to $900. Arrangements of fresh-cut blossoms twice a month can be included for an extra $120 or for the deluxe package, $220 will “feed the soul” with weekly bouquets of lilies and sunflowers and other local blooms.Shareholders are not required to work the fields, but they can if they want, and many do. Mr. Trisko said his family knows that without his volunteer labor and agreement to share in the financial risk of raising crops, the small organic farm might not survive. “Its very hard for them to make ends meet,” he said, “so I decided to go out and help. We harvest, water, pull weeds, whatever they need doing.”Erehwon the word “nowhere” spelled backward started with two shareholders, reached its goal of 140 last year, and now has raised its target to about 200 members.1. According to the passage, growing numbers of people buy shares of farms because they（ ）.2. Erehwon Farm differs from the traditional farms in that it is（ ）.3. We may infer from the passage that community-sponsored farm（ ）.4. The average shareholders of Erehwon Farm are entitled to（ ）.5. It is implied that Erehwon Farm（ ）.问题1选项A.are conscious of environmental problemsB.abandon the typical way of getting food to the tableC.no longer depend on grocery stores and farmers marketsD.like to grow vegetables themselves in the suburban farms问题2选项A.very smallB.very efficientC.community-supported agricultureD.shared by people from different places问题3选项A.is a new concept emerging in the U.S.AB.has to combat with small-scale farmingC.is gradually taking shape in American agricultureD.is very popular as booming agriculture in the U.S.A问题4选项A.come together and work together on the farmB.get a guaranteed percentage of the seasons harvest of fruit and vegetablesC.enjoy packages that range from about $300 to $900D.buy $120-$220 fresh-cut blossoms twice a month问题5选项A.comes from the backward spelled word “nowhere”B.is a fictional name and there is no such a farm in the U.S.AC.its very hard to survive owing to its small sizeD.develops soundly, in spite of its financial difficulties【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一自然段的内容“环保意识改变了将食物端上桌的传统方式，相反，越来越多的人转向了杂货店甚至农贸市场，通过购买农场的股份来直接获取来源。”由此可知，越来越多的人买农场股份是受到环保意识的影响，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“Part of a loose but growing network mostly mobilized on the Internet, Erehwon is participating in what is known as community-supported agriculture. Erehwon是松散却不断壮大的网络的一部分，主要通过互联网动员起来，他参与的是所谓的社区支持农业。”以及本段最后一句“in essence, hiring personal farmers and turning the old notion of sharecropping on its head. 从本质上说，就是雇佣私人农场主，颠覆旧的佃农制度。”由此可知，Erehwon农场和传统农场的不同之处在于它是社区支持的农业，选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据原文第五段第一句“The concept was imported from Europe and Asia in the 1980s as an alternative marketing and financing arrangement to help combat the often prohibitive costs of small-scale farming. 这一概念是在20世纪80年代从欧洲和亚洲引进的，作为一种替代性的销售和筹资安排，来帮助克服小规模农业通常高昂的费用。”由此可知，这不是一个新的概念，而且是来帮助而不是来和小规模农场竞争的，所以选项A和选项B均表述错误；根据本段第二句“But until recently, it was slow to take root. 但直到最近，它才慢慢生根发芽”可知，这一概念刚刚生根发芽，还没有初步成形，所以选项C错误；根据本段最后一句的内容可知，像Erehwon这样的农场由以前的不到100家到现在增长到接近1500家，说明社区支持的农业在美国蓬勃发展的农业非常受欢迎。所以选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据倒数第三段的第一句“The shareholders of Erehwon Farm have open access to the land and a guaranteed percentage of the seasons harvest of fruit and vegetables for packages that range from about $300 to $900. Erehwon Farm的股东可以自由使用土地，并保证获得当季水果和蔬菜收成的一定比例，金额从300美元到900美元不等。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。选项A目前还没有实现；选项C曲解了原文的意思；选项D不是普通股东享有的权利，所以只有选项B正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段首句“Erehwon the word “nowhere” spelled backwardErehwon这个词是由nowhere倒着写的”，由此可知，选项A符合原文。选项B在文中没有信息提及；根据倒数第二段的内容可知，Erehwon农场不是由于规模小而无法生存，属于曲解原文句意，所以选项C不正确；原文也没有提及财政问题，所以选项D也不正确。11. 单选题They arrived at some political agreements that facilitated troop withdrawals.问题1选项A.establishedB.maximizedC.guaranteedD.promoted【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：他们达成了一些政治上的协议，这撤军。facilitate意为“促进，帮助，使容易”。A选项establish“创立，建立”；B选项maximize“最大化”；C选项guarantee“保证，担保”；D选项promote“促进，提升”。选项D与之意思最为相近，符合语境。12. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Standing in the right spot in this gigantic city and hills draped with apartment complexes can remind you of Hong Kong, the density of habitation will recall Tokyo and the river-spanning brawn, replete with an immense new structure over the Yangtze that echoes the Brooklyn Bridge, might recall New York.Everywhere one looks here, there are new expressways, new bridges and towering new housing complexes rising, so many in fact that it is the occasional glimpse of something old, rather than the sight of anything new, that takes ones breath away.China has built megacities before, of course. The countrys rich east abounds with them, strung along the coast from Tianjin in the north