2022-2023年考博英语-江苏大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第32期

2022-2023年考博英语-江苏大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Excited and unafraid, the _ child examined the stranger with bright-eyed curiosity.问题1选项A.empatheticB.drowsyC.hesitantD.inquisitive【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. empathetic体恤别人感受的；感同身受的 B. drowsy困倦的；昏昏欲睡的C. hesitant犹豫的；踌躇的 D. inquisitive好奇的；好学的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息with bright-eyed curiosity（睁着明亮好奇的眼睛）可知，_ child指的是“好奇的孩子”，故该题选择D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句意。【句意】这个好奇的孩子感到兴奋而不害怕，睁着明亮的眼睛好奇地打量着那个陌生人。2. 单选题The _ typist and secretary is very conscientious about correcting even the smallest errors.问题1选项A.imprudentB.meticulousC.potentialD.enticing【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. imprudent不明智的；不谨慎的 B. meticulous细心的；小心翼翼的C. potential潜在的；可能的 D. enticing诱人的；有吸引力的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息is very conscientious about correcting even the smallest errors（非常认真地纠正即使是最小的错误）可推知，空格处表示“细心的，一丝不苟的”符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】那位一丝不苟的打字员兼秘书非常认真地纠正即使是最小的错误。3. 单选题Like an old lady playing the _ maiden, the senior politician kept the media and the public guessing about her policy intentions at the press conference.问题1选项A.domesticB.toughC.modestD.coy【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. domestic家庭的；国内的 B. tough艰苦的；严厉的C. modest谦虚的；不太大（或太贵、太重要等）的 D. coy羞羞答答的，忸怩作态的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据所修饰的词语maiden（少女）和kept the media and the public guessing about her policy intentions（让媒体和公众猜测她的政策意图）可知，空格处表示“忸怩作态的，腼腆的”符合句意，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】在记者招待会上，这位资深政治家就像一个故作腼腆的少女，让媒体和公众猜测她的政策意图。4. 单选题The foreign student in China is _ with a good deal of Chinese culture.问题1选项A.scatteredB.overflowedC.permeatedD.manipulated【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. scattered分散的；零散的 B. overflowed溢出的；挤满的C. permeated全面影响；弥漫D. manipulated操作；控制【考查点】形容词和动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息with a good deal of Chinese culture（丰富的中国文化）可推知，中国的留学生受到中国文化的影响，故该题选择C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】在中国的外国学生深受中国文化的熏陶。5. 单选题Technology standards may be mandated by government or industry committees but a lot of standardization is left to the marketplace and is sponsored by dominant companies.问题1选项A.authorizedB.manmadeC.producedD.manipulated【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. authorized批准；授权 B. manmade人造的C. produced生产；产生 D. manipulated控制；操纵【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词Technology standards（技术标准）和government or industry committees（政府或行业委员会）可推知，mandated是指“获得授权，执行”，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。【句意】技术标准可能是由政府或行业委员会强制执行的，但很多标准化工作都是由市场来完成的，并由占主导地位的公司赞助。6. 单选题A snobbish person adulates those who have upper social position and despises those of humble origin.问题1选项A.flattersB.fascinatesC.fluttersD.fluctuates【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. flatters奉承；讨好 B. fascinates深深吸引；迷住C. flutters飘动；挥动D. fluctuates波动；起伏不定【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息despises those of humble origin（鄙视出身卑微的人）和those who have upper social position（社会地位高的人）可知，adulates和despises是相反的词义，despise表示“鄙视”，那么adulate则表示“奉承”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。【句意】势利的人奉承社会地位高的人，鄙视出身卑微的人。7. 不定项选择题Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the Publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.1. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that _.2. Newspaper reviews in England before WWII were characterized by _.3. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?4. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?5. What would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapersB.English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviewsC.high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readersD.young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies问题2选项A.free themesB.casual styleC.elaborate layoutD.radical viewpoints问题3选项A.It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B.It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C.Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D.Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.问题4选项A.His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B.His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C.His style caters largely to modern specialists.D.His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.问题5选项A.Newspapers of the Good Old Days.B.The Lost Horizon in Newspapers.C.Mournful Decline of Journalism.D.Prominent Critics in Memory.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】1. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that _. 1. 第1段和第2段表明_。A. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers A. 艺术评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews B. 英语报纸过去具有更多的艺术评论C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers C. 高质量的报纸拥有大量的读者D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies D. 年轻读者怀疑日报上的评论是否合适【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段内容“在过去四分之一世纪中，英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术报道的范围和严肃性的不可阻挡的下降（inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage）”，和第二段内容“对于40岁以下的普通读者来说，很难想象这样一个时代，即大多数大城市的报纸上都能找到高质量的艺术评论。然而，在20世纪出版的大量最重要的批评文集中，很大一部分是由报纸评论组成的（consisted in large part of newspaper reviews）。如今读到这样的书的人不禁会对下面这个事实感到惊讶：这些评论之前竟然被认为适合在面向大众的日报上刊登。”从中可知，这两段讨论的主要是英语报纸的艺术评论，从第一段中的inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage（艺术报道的范围和严肃性的不可阻挡的下降）和第二段中的consisted in large part of newspaper reviews（很大一部分是由报纸评论组成的）可以看出，文章前两段是在强调以前的报纸关于艺术评论的数量很多，B项“英语报纸过去具有更多的艺术评论”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“艺术评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了”，原文只是说decline，没有说消失，该项属于曲解原文；C项“高质量的报纸拥有大量的读者”没有提到，属于无中生有；D项“年轻读者怀疑日报上的评论是否合适”，从第二段最后一句中的marvel at the fact（感到惊讶）可知，marvel是大为惊讶的意思，常含赞叹之意，表明读者其实是赞同这些评论可以在报纸上刊登，该项中的doubt与marvel意思相反，该项属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. Newspaper reviews in England before WWII were characterized by _. 2. 英国二战前的报纸评论以_为特征。A. free themes A. 自由主题B. casual style B. 随意体C. elaborate layout C. 精心布局D. radical viewpoints D. 激进的观点【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第一句“我们甚至远离了20世纪初到第二次世界大战前夕在英国发表的无重点的报纸评论（the unfocused newspaper reviews）”，从中可知英国二战前的报纸评论是以unfocused为重点，而unfocused的意思是“not concentrated at one point or upon one objective（不专注于一点或一个目标）”，也就是说主题没有唯一性，A项“自由主题”中的free的英文解释是unrestricted，是unfocused的同义替换，故该题选择A项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“随意体”，根据第三段二、三句“在那些遥远的日子里，主要报纸的评论家们详尽地（in detail and at length）报道他们所报道的事件是理所当然的。他们的工作是严肃的（a serious business）。”可知，英国二战前的报纸评论的主题虽然是unfocused，但是内容非常详尽且严肃，与B项中的casual相反，故该项属于反向干扰；C项“精心布局”中layout并没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“激进的观点”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on? 3. 下面哪个选项肖和纽曼最可能同意？A. It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals. A. 实现新闻目标是作家的职责。B. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists. B. 作家当记者是可耻的。C. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism. C. 作家们很可能受到诱惑而从事新闻业。D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing. D. 不是所有的作家都具备新闻写作的能力。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“纽曼写道：很少有作家有足够的头脑或文学天赋把自己的目标放在新闻事业上（few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism）”可知，很少有作家具备新闻写作的头脑和文学天赋，D项“不是所有的作家都具备新闻写作的能力”中的not all与文中的few同义替换，故该题选择D项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“实现新闻目标是作家的职责”和C项“作家们很可能受到诱惑而从事新闻业”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；B项“作家当记者是可耻的”，根据倒数第二句“这些人相信新闻工作是一种职业，并以在日报上发表文章为荣”可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs? 4. 根据最后两段可以了解到关于卡德斯的什么信息？A. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today. A. 他的音乐评论也许对今天的读者没有吸引力。B. His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute. B. 他作为音乐评论家的声誉长期以来饱受争议。C. His style caters largely to modern specialists. C. 他的风格很大程度上迎合了现代专家的口味。D. His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition. D. 他的作品没有遵循业余的传统。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据最后一段第三句“早在他（卡德斯）去世之前，新闻的口味就已经发生了很大的变化，后现代主义读者对他所擅长的华丽的维多利亚式散文已经不感兴趣了（have little use for）”可知，新闻业的品味已经改变，读者不再需要卡德斯所擅长的风格，也就是说今天的读者对卡德斯的音乐评论不感兴趣，A项“他的音乐评论也许对今天的读者没有吸引力”中的not appeal to是have little use for的同义替换，故该题选择A项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“他作为音乐评论家的声誉长期以来饱受争议”，原文没有提到他的名声有争议，该项属于无中生有；C项“他的风格很大程度上迎合了现代专家的口味”，新闻业口味的改变使得读者对卡德斯的风格并不敢兴趣，同样也不会迎合专家的口味，该项属于反向干扰；D项“他的作品没有遵循业余的传统”，根据文章最后一句“音乐批评的业余传统已经在急速退却”可知，原文并没有提到卡德斯的作品是否遵循业余传统，该项属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. What would be the best title for the text? 5. 这篇文章最好的标题是什么？A. Newspapers of the Good Old Days. A. 报纸行业过去的黄金岁月。B. The Lost Horizon in Newspapers. B. 报纸行业消失的视野。C. Mournful Decline of Journalism. C. 新闻业的悲哀衰落。D. Prominent Critics in Memory. D. 记忆中的杰出评论家。【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先定位第一段，该段点明了文章的主题“在过去四分之一世纪中，英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化可能是艺术报道的范围和严肃性的不可阻挡的下降”，第二段承接第一段的内容，然后第三段首句指出“不幸的是，这些批评实际上被遗忘了”，言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情，最后第四段前两句提到“卡德斯的批评有可能重新流行吗？前景似乎很遥远”，再次点明了作者所讨论的中心，即报纸行业的堕落，所以C项“新闻业的悲哀衰落”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“报纸行业过去的黄金岁月”和B项“报纸行业消失的视野”没有表达出作者对报纸行业的惋惜之情，这两项属于曲解原文；D项“记忆中的杰出评论家”，本文的中心不是怀恋过去，而是批判现在的堕落，该项属于曲解原文。8. 单选题The new technological revolution in American newspaper has brought increased _ of a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.问题1选项A.manipulationB.reproductionC.circulationD.penetration【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. manipulation操纵；控制 B. reproduction生殖；复制C. circulation流传；（报刊）发行量 D. penetration穿透；渗透【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息a wider range of publications（大范围的出版物）可知，空格处是指出版物的发行量，该题选择C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】美国报纸的新技术革命带来了出版物发行量的增加和报纸工作岗位的增加。9. 单选题Churchills inspiring speeches helped _ his countrymen to fight against the enemy.问题1选项A.rallyB.allyC.resembleD.ramble【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. rally召集；集合 B. ally与结盟C. resemble看起来像；显得像 D. ramble漫步；漫谈【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息to fight against the enemy（与敌人作战）可知，_ his countrymen是指“召集他的国民”，该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】丘吉尔鼓舞人心的演说帮助他的国民团结起来与敌人作战。10. 单选题Since Mr. White died a year ago, there has been discord in the family about the division of the estate.问题1选项A.distinctionsB.disagreementsC.disadvantagesD.discussions【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. distinctions区别 B. disagreements分歧；争论C. disadvantages缺点 D. discussions讨论【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】分析句子可知，discord是一个名词，dis-前缀表示否定的，那么discord可能是一个贬义词，由关键信息the division of the estate（遗产分配问题）综合理解可推断，discord是指遗产分配上的分歧或不和，B项词义与之相近，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。【句意】自从怀特先生一年前去世以来，家里在遗产分配问题上一直不和。11. 单选题Qwest boasts that its digital infrastructure can transmit the entire Library of Congress across America in 20 seconds.问题1选项A.superstructureB.instrumentC.facilitiesD.foundation【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. superstructure上层建筑 B. instrument仪器；器具C. facilities设施；工具 D. foundation地基；基础【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】infrastructure本意是“基础设施”，由后半句句意“可以在20秒内将整个美国国会图书馆的信息传送到全国各地”可知，能够传送信息，那么句中digital infrastructure应该指“数字设备”的意思，facility指可供使用的设备或设施，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、D项不符合划线单词词义；B项instrument通常指能使人们完成某一精确动作或测量的一种小型仪器，尤指电工仪表、测量装置，航海或航空用的控制装置。【句意】奎斯特通讯公司自夸其数字基础设施可以在20秒内将整个美国国会图书馆的信息传送到全国各地。12. 不定项选择题You hear the refrain all the time: the U. S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesnt feel good. Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War , the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didnt really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctivelyand wronglylabeled government only as “a necessary evil”.Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving, richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often dont satisfy their rising wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear theyve become “the disposable American”, as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity. Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.Should we be surprised? Not really. Weve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.1. What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?2. According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because _.3. Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?4. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” (Para.5) ?5. What has affluence brought to American society?问题1选项A.Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy.B.Why affluence doesnt guarantee happiness.C.How happiness can be promoted today.D.What lies behind an economic boom.问题2选项A.public spending hasnt been cut down as expectedB.the government has proved to be a necessary evilC.they are in fear of another Great DepressionD.materialism has run wild in modern society问题3选项A.Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.B.Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation.C.The distribution of wealth is uneven between the rich and the poor.D.Heath care and educational Cost have somehow gone out of control.问题4选项A.Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.B.People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence.C.People who have little say in American politics.D.Workers who no longer have secure jobs.问题5选项A.Renewed economic security.B.A sense of self-fulfilment.C.New conflicts and complaints.D.Misery and anti-social behavior.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】1. What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society? 1. 约翰肯尼斯加尔布雷斯在他的富裕社会一书中提出了什么问题？A. Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy. A. 为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相。B. Why affluence doesnt guarantee happiness. B. 为什么富裕并不能保证幸福。C. How happiness can be promoted today. C. 如何在今天提升幸福。D. What lies behind an economic boom. D. 经济繁荣背后的原因。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二、三句“为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福呢？这个问题至少可以追溯到1958年约翰肯尼斯加尔布雷斯所著的富裕社会一书。”理解可知，约翰肯尼斯加尔布雷斯在他的富裕社会一书中提出了为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福这个问题，B项“为什么富裕并不能保证幸福”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相”、C项“如何在今天提升幸福”和D项“经济繁荣背后的原因”都不是在富裕社会一书中提出的问题，这三项属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】2. According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because _. 2. 加尔布雷斯认为，人们感到不满是因为_。A. public spending hasnt been cut down as expected A. 公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减B. the government has proved to be a necessary evil B. 政府已经被证明是必定邪恶C. they are in fear of another Great Depression C. 他们担心另一场大萧条D. materialism has run wild in modern society D. 现代社会物质主义泛滥成风【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“在加尔布雷斯看来，物质主义已经变得非常疯狂（materialism had gone mad），并且会滋生不满情绪”理解可知，人们感到不满是因为物质主义泛滥，该题选择D项“现代社会物质主义泛滥成风”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减”根据第三段最后一句“与此同时，本可以让每个人生活更好的政府开支却被削减了，因为人们本能地且错误地将政府贴上了必定邪恶的标签”可知，公共支出被削减了，该项属于反向干扰；B项“政府已经被证明是一个必要的邪恶”，这只是人们为政府贴的标签，与人们不满无关，该项属于曲解原文；C项“他们担心另一场大萧条”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably? 3. 为什么当平均收入大幅增长时，人们会感到压力？A. Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings. A. 他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入。B. Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation. B. 他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降。C. The distribution of wealth is uneven between the rich and the poor. C. 财富在富人和穷人之间分配不均。D. Heath care and educational Cost have somehow gone out of control. D. 医疗保健和教育费用不知何故已失去控制。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段最后一句“人们感到被挤压，因为他们不断增长的收入往往无法满足他们不断增长的需求更大的房子，更多的医疗保健，更多的教育，更快的互联网连接”理解可知，人们会感到压力是因为不断增长的收入无法满足不断增长的物质需求，A项“他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降”，人们的物质需求不断增长，也就是说购买力会增加，该项属于反向干扰；C项“财富在富人和穷人之间分