2022-2023年考博英语-广西大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第48期

2022-2023年考博英语-广西大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state（ ）.问题1选项A.pensionsB.earningsC.salariesD.donations【答案】A【解析】句意:老年俄罗斯公民发现，依靠国家的养老金生活很艰难。考查名词辨析。pension 养老金；earning 收益；工资；salary 薪水；donation捐赠；捐款。因此A项正确。2. 单选题Come what（ ）, were not going to make any concession to his unreasonable demands.问题1选项A.mustB.shouldC.mayD.can【答案】C【解析】句意:不管怎样，我们不会对他的无理要求作出任何让步考查固定搭配。Come what may 不管三七二十一，不管怎样。3. 单选题To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century BC.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England.By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.1. The first use of umbrella was as（ ）.2.（ ）were the people who first used umbrellas.3. The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices（ ）.4. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?5. Which of the following is the best title of the passages?问题1选项A.protection against rainB.a shade against the sunC.a symbol of powerD.a symbol of honor问题2选项A.ChineseB.RomansC.GreeksD.Egyptians问题3选项A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient timesD.during the Middle Ages问题4选项A.Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.问题5选项A.When Was the Umbrella Invented?B.The History of UmbrellaC.Umbrella - A Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun (实际上， 伞的发明不是为了躲雨。它的第一个用途是为了遮蔽太阳)。因此选B项“遮蔽太阳”。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第二段: Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B.C (可能，第一个使用伞的人是中国人，可以追溯到公元前11世纪)，因此选A项。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices (在古代远东地区，只允许皇室的人或者身居高位的人使用伞)，因此选C项“在古代远东地区”。4.判断推理题。A:如今，女性享用各色的伞。最后一句指出: It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors (直到二十世纪，妇女雨伞才开始有各种各样的颜色)，因此A项正确。B:伞的发明者不知道是谁，第二段第一句指出: Nobody knows who first invented it.(不知道最初谁发明了伞)，因此B项正确。C:曾经，普通人没有权利使用伞，第三段倒数第二句指出: And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority (雨伞再次被认为是权力和权威的象征)。因此C项正确。D:雨伞在古代很流行也很便宜。此项在文中并未有所体现。因此选D。5.主旨大意题。本文主要谈及伞的历史发展，和伞在古代的使用人群等，以及伞的使用现状。因此B项“伞的历史”比较适合做文章标题。4. 单选题The government makes rich pensioners richer stillBRITAINS pensioners are a cosseted lot. Since 2011 their state pensions have been protected by the “triple lock?” which ensures they rise along with prices, warnings or 2.5%, whichever is higher. Perks for the old such as free TV licenses and bus passes and an annual winter handout to help with heating have all survived austerity. Government bonds paying well above the market rate of interest have just been made available exclusively to those aged 65 and over. Is all this generosity justified?Pensioners are poorer than working-age people-almost all have incomes below the national average. But they are treated better by the state. For any given private income, retirees equalized disposable income-that is, money available to spend after the deduction of taxes and payment of benefits, and adjusted to account for household sizeis higher than that of younger peopleThe state pension, currently worth about 6.000 (around $9,000) a year, accounts for much of the discrepancy. It is often seen as a reward for past contributions, not as a pure benefit, but this is dubious: pensions are funded by todays taxpayers. Even if pensions are counted as private income, the richest pensioners still do well from the state. They do not pay national insurance (a tax levied only on earned income) on their private pensions, leaving more money for cruises and conservatories.On January 27th, in an interview with the Daily Telegraph newspaper, David Cameron promised that a future Conservative government would remove housing benefit from 18- to 21-years-olds-a group that suffers from higher-than-average unemployment and already receives less generous welfare payments. Meanwhile, the silver-haired who will benefit most from the governments new bonds are those who can afford to stash away the full 20,000 limitmore than a years income for most pensioners. Its a good time to be rich and old.1. “Austerity in line 5, paragraph 1 means（ ）.2. Which of the following is true?3. Discrepancy in line 2, paragraph 3 refers to（ ）.4. In British, retirees can go for cruises and conservatories, because（ ）.5. Why it is a good time to be rich and old in British, because（ ）.问题1选项A.economic depression.B.simplicityC.contradictionD.financial retrenchment问题2选项A.The retirees earn more than the younger peopleB.The retirees are free of taxesC.The retires almost all has lower incomes.D.The retirees are all well paid.问题3选项A.difference in income between the retirees and the working people.B.difference in life between the retirees and the working people.C.difference in attitudes between the retirees and the working peopleD.different in reward between the retirees and the working people.问题4选项A.they do not pay national insurance on their private pensions.B.they earn more money than the younger peopleC.they have more time than the younger peopleD.they got a reward for Their past contributions问题5选项A.8- to 21-year-olds-a group receives generous welfare paymentsB.the silver-haired benefit most from the government.C.there are less people over 65.D.they have made great contribution to the country.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段: Perks for the old such as free TV licenses and bus passes and an annual winter handout to help with heating have all survived austerity (给老人们的附带福利，比如免费电视许可、巴士通行证以及每 年发放的保暖健康手册在财政紧缩的当下统统保留了下来)。因此，此处谈及英国养老金额外津贴的发放背景，因此，选项中，只有D项符合“austerity 筒朴，朴素，节衣缩食”符合语境。2.判断推理题。各选项为:A:退休人员的收入比年轻人高。B:退休人员免税。C:退休人员几乎都收入较低。D:退休人员的工资都很高。第二段指出: Pensioners are poorer than working-age peoplealmost all have incomes below the national average. But they are treated better by the state. For any given private income, retirees equalized disposable incomethat is, money available to spend after the deduction of taxes and payment of benefits, and adjusted to account for household sizeis higher than that of younger people (退休老人的收入低于正在工作的人们大多数老人只能拿到低于国家 平均工资水平的退休金。但是国家更优待他们。对于任何有固定收入的个人，退休人员的可支配收入在交税和支付福利后并按照家庭收入比例作出调整的可支配金额比年轻人的收入要高得多)，因此，A项正确，B项错误，C和D项表述过于绝对。3.词义题。对于“Discrepancy” 的理解可参考此句: For any given private income, retirees equalized disposable income is higher than that of younger people (对于任何有固定收入的个人，退休人员的可支配收入比年轻人的收入要高得多)。因此，A项“退 休人员和在职工人之间的收入差异”正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词cruises and conservatories定位至倒数第二段: They do not pay national insurance (a tax levied only on earned income) on their private pensions, leaving more money for cruises and conservatories (他们不需要为自己的养老金支付国民保险(仅针对自营收入征收的税种)，这样就有了更多的钱去旅游和听音乐会)。因此，A项“他们不需要为自己的养老金支付国民保险”正确。5.细节事实题。全文在谈及老年人的养老金和老年人其他的福利，这都是因为政府的相关政策的支持。因此选B项“发白如银的老人从政府那里受益最多”。5. 单选题I you somewhere before, but your name has escaped me（ ）.问题1选项A.must see; for a momentB.must have seen; for a momentC.must see: for the momentD.must have seen; for the moment【答案】D【解析】句意:我之前肯定看见过你，但是想不出你的名字。语法题。考查情态动词和短语辨析。前半句表示对过去发生的事的肯定推断。因此,前面填 “must have seen”表示“已经看见过”。 for a moment表示 “(延续了)一会儿” 而for the moment则表示“目前；暂时”。因此D符合句意。6. 单选题They decided to（ ）their different interests and unite in pursuit of a common goal.问题1选项A.substituteB.crossC.submergeD.surrender【答案】D【解析】句意:他们决定放弃各自不同的利益，联合追求共同目标。考查动词辨析。substitute 取代；cross 横渡，交叉;submerge 浸没，湮没；surrender 投降，放弃。因此D项符合句意。7. 单选题An（ ）of the moon has revealed no evidence of life.问题1选项A.explorationB.explanationC.interviewD.invasion【答案】A【解析】句意:月球勘探已经表明月球无生命迹象。考查名词辨析。exploration 探索，勘探，探测；explanation 解释； interview 面试；invasion 侵入。因此A项符合句意。8. 单选题There are so many new books about dying that there are now special shelves set aside for them in bookshops, along with the health-diet and home-repair paperbacks. Some of them are so （1）with detailed information and step-by-step instructions for performing the function, that youd think this was a new sort of（2）which all of us are now required to learn. The strongest impression the casual reader gets is that proper dying has become an extraordinary,（3）an exotic experience, something only the specially trained can do.（4） , you could be led to believe that we are the only（5）capable of being aware of death, and that when the rest nature is experiencing the life cycle and dying, one generation after（6）, it is a different kind of process, done automatically and trivially, or more “natural”, as we say.An elm in our backyard（7）the blight （枯萎病）this summer and dropped stone dead, leafless, almost overnight. One weekend（8）was a normal-looking elm, maybe a little bare in spots but（9）alarming, and the next weekend it was gone, passed over, departed, taken. Taken is right, for the tree surgeon came by yesterday with his（10）of young helpers and their cherry picker, and took it down branch by branch and carted it off in the back of a red truck, everyone （11）.The dying（12）a field mouse, at the jaws of an amiable household cat, is a spectacle I have beheld many times. It（13）to make me wince. However, early in life I gave up throwing sticks（14）the cat to make him drop the mouse.（15）the drooped mouse regularly went ahead and died anyway.问题1选项A.containedB.embracedC.packedD.littered问题2选项A.abilityB.skillC.qualityD.technology问题3选项A.andB.evenC.yetD.but问题4选项A.FurthermoreB.HoweverC.Even soD.Since then问题5选项A.racesB.creaturesC.peopleD.human问题6选项A.the otherB.anotherC.the nextD.the following问题7选项A.caughtB.heldC.tookD.picked问题8选项A.thatB.whichC.itD.this问题9选项A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything问题10选项A.crewB.membersC.corpsD.fellows问题11选项A.singsB.sangC.sungD.singing问题12选项A.toB.inC.forD.of问题13选项A.wasB.was usedC.usedD.was about问题14选项A.intoB.onC.atD.off问题15选项A.butB.becauseC.whileD.in order that【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:A第11题:D第12题:D第13题:C第14题:C第15题:B【解析】1.考查动词辨析。根据句意,空格处的动词应表示“包括”， A项和B项虽然符合句意，但两者都是及物动词，不能跟with连用。be packed with 表示 “充满/充斥”，符合搭配跟语义。be littered with 表示 “胡乱丢满，到处都是”，不符合句意。因此选C。2.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:一些书中充斥着细节信息和详细说明，以至于你会认为这是要求去学习的一种新。因此B项“技能”符合句意跟搭配。3.逻辑分析。句子中，exotic表示“奇异的而extraordinary表示“非常奇特的”，因此，两者之间是递进的逻辑关系。因此B项正确。4.逻辑分析。前面指出:适当的死亡已然成了一种奇特的经历。后面指出: 书中内容会让你觉得我们是唯一有死亡意识的生物。所以该处是进一步介绍书籍给人们关于死亡的印象。故选A项“此外，而且”。5.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:书中内容会让你觉得我们是唯一有死亡意识的，自然界中的其他生命经历着生命的周期和死亡。因此可知，空格处应该为“生物”。6.考查代词辨析。此处another “又一个”与one “一个” 构成搭配。在这里表示 “一代又一代”。7.考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。该处句意为:我家后院的榆树今年夏天染上了枯萎病。Catch 染上，患，得(感冒等疾病) ； hold 持有，抓住；take (疾病)突然侵袭；pick 采集，挑选。因此A项符合句意。8.语法分析。句子中，but是连词，因此，but之前的句子应该是个完整的句子，而“maybe a little bare in sports”是名词性结构，即逗号之前的部分应该是主谓宾完整的句子，故空格处缺少能做主语的词，而且需要指代“elm”，因此，C 项符合要求。9.考查代词辨析。该处句意为:或许出现些斑点，但让人担忧，而且外表看来一切正常，而且第二周就没有了。因为外表正常，而且第二周就没有了，因此，榆树出现的问题不严重，故没有什么让人担忧的10.【试题答案】A考查名词辨析。根据句意可知这里应该表示的是“他的全体工作人员”，故选A。11.语法题。考查非谓语动词。everyone之前是逗号，而前面是完整的句子，因此，everyone的动词应该是非谓语形式，再者everyone与sing之间是主动关系，因此，D项的“singing” 是现在分词做伴随状语。12.考查介词辨析。a field mouse是dying的定语，因此该处应该是表示“一只田鼠的死”。因此选D项。13.考查动词辨析。空格处缺少谓语动词。Be to 将要，不符合句意。Be used to 习惯于，不符合句意。Used to do过去常常，符合句意。Be about 即将，正打算，不符合句意。故选C。14.考查固定搭配。Throw at 投向，掷向。15.逻辑分析。前句句意为:但是，我老早就不再向叼着田鼠的猫扔棍子，让它把田鼠放下。该句句意为:被放下的老鼠通常还是会死掉。因此前后是因果关系。后面是原因。故选B。9. 单选题He spent much of his lifetime, studying the disease of cattle, chickens and other（ ） animals.问题1选项A.domesticB.wildC.tamedD.fierce【答案】A【解析】句意:他花费其一生的大部分时间研究牛，鸡和其他家禽的疾病。考查形容词辨析。domestic 国内的，家畜的；wild 野生的；tame 驯服的，养服的; fierce 激烈的，猛烈的。因此A项符合句意。10. 单选题Senior government figures（ ）in the cover-up.问题1选项A.could have acquiredB.must have acquiescedC.might have doneD.will have required【答案】B【解析】句意:政府高级官员必然已经默许掩盖真相。考查短语辨析。空格处动词与in搭配，后面接宾语cover-up (掩盖，掩饰)。Acquiesce in sth. 默然接受；默许；顺从。11. 单选题Did Hanna say anything about me in her letter?”“Only that shed appreciate（ ）from you?问题1选项A.to hearB.hearingC.to hearingD.to have heard【答案】B【解析】句意:“Hana在信中有提及我吗？ ”“只说她很感谢收到你的信吗？”考查固定搭配。appreciate doing sth. 感谢（某人）做某事。12. 单选题Member states had the opinion to（ ）from this agreements with one years notice.问题1选项A.denyB.objectC.suspectD.withdraw【答案】D【解析】句意:成员国有权在一年的观察期内退出该协议。考查动词辨析。deny 否定；object 反对; suspect 猜疑;withdraw撤回，不再给予，取钱。因此D符合句意。13. 翻译题1.外国朋友来南宁都喜欢买诸如绣球、壮锦之类的东西作为纪念品，因为这些都很有壮族特色。2.中国亿万富翁企业家马云近日透露了自己的成功秘诀，其中之一即公司要想成功就要多聘请女性员工。3. Climb does not claim to nurture billionaires, nor to care much about any of the intangible benefits of education.4. Seagull attacks are a big problem in coastal settlements, where about a tenth of Britons live.5. In 2012 the Health and Social Care Act created a legal responsibility for the government to give the same priority to mental health as it gives to physical health.【答案】1. Foreign friends like to buy things like Hydrangea and Zhuang brocade as souvenirs when they come to Nanning, because they all have characteristics with Zhuang nationality.2.Ma Yun, a Chinese billionaire entrepreneur, recently revealed his secret of success: if the company wants to succeed, it must hire more female employees.3.Climb并没有宣称要培养亿万富翁，也没有太关心教育带来的无形好处。4.海鸥袭击是沿海定居点的一个大问题，大约十分之一的英国人居住在那里。5.2012年，健康和社会护理法规定，政府有法律责任将精神健康与身体健康视为同等重要的事情。14. 单选题High grades are supposed to（ ）academic ability, but Johns actual performance did not confirm this.问题1选项A.certifyB.clarifyC.classifyD.notify【答案】A【解析】句意:高分应该是学术能力的证明，但John的实际表现并没证实这一点。考查动词辨析。certify证明，证实；clarify说明，阐明：classify 把分类，把分级；notify 通告，宣告。因此A项符合句意。15. 翻译题1. 无论你的智商有多高，你的看法都受到个人经历的局限，因此要学会吸纳他人有用的观点。2. 事实上，只有勤奋加方法得当才能使你在学习上比他人有优势。3. 作为对政府检查员批评的回应，公司改变了一些做法，而不是放弃自己的规定4. On international relations China would continue to develop relations with foreign countries in seeking a favorable international environment for its reform and to make contributions to world peace and development.5. Management has granted a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure but refused to make any further concession.【答案】1.No matter how high your IQ is, your view is limited by the experience, so you should learn to incorporate the useful perspectives of others.2.In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over others.3.In response to criticism by government inspectors, the company changed some of its practices rather than gave up its rules.4.在国际关系方面，中国将继续发展与外国的关系，寻求一个对自己改革有利的国际环境，继续对世界和平和发展作出贡献。5.在工会的压力下，资方已同意提高10%的薪酬，但是拒绝作出进一步的让步。16. 单选题Yet with economies in free fall, managers also need up-to-date information about what is happening to their businesses, so that they can change course rapidly if necessary. Cisco, an American network-equipment giant, has invested over many years in the technology needed to generate such data. Frank Calderoni, the firms CFO, says that every day its senior executives can track exactly what orders are coming in from sales teams around the world, and identify emerging trends in each region and market segment. And at the end of each month, the firm can get reliable financial results within four hours of closing its books. Most firms have to wait days or even weeks for such certainty.Admittedly, Ciscos financial results have not made happy reading recently because, in common with many other large technology companies, it has seen demand for its products decline in the downturn. In early February it announced that its fiscal second-quarter revenues of $9.1 billion were 7.5% lower than the same period in 2008 and that its profit had fallen by 27%, to $ 1.5 billion.In response to hard times, Cisco plans to cut $ 1 billion of costs this year by, among other things, making use of its own video-conferencing and other communications technologies to reduce the amount its executives travel. It is also using these facilities to relay information from employees on the ground to its senior managers, and to get instructions from Ciscos leaders back out to its 67,000 staff. A rapid exchange of information and instructions is especially valuable if the company wants to alter course in stormy times.If everybody in a company can rapidly grasp what they have to do and how it is changing, they are more likely to get the job done. But some firms are reluctant to share their goals with the wider world. Unilever, a big Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods group, has decided against issuing a 2009 financial forecast to investors, arguing that it is difficult to predict what is going to happen, given the dangerous state of the world economy. Were not just going to provide numbers for the sake of it, explains James Allison, the companys head of investor relations. Other companies that have decided not to provide annual earnings estimates for 2009 include Costco, a big American retailer, and Union Pacific, an American railway company.Some firms, such as Intel, seem to have chosen to take things quarter by quarter. The giant chipmaker （芯片制造商）said in January that it would not issue an official forecast for the first quarter of 2009 after its fourth-quarter 2008 profit decreased by 90%. Several retail chains have also stopped providing monthly sales estimates because they cannot see what the future holds. Retailers, chipmakers and firms in many other industries may have a long wait before the economic fog finally lifts.1. What can we learn about Cisco from the passage?2. According to the author, the staff can perform better by（ ）.3. What is important in the unstable time if a company wants to change strategies?4. The reason Unilever plans not to issue financial forecast in 2009 lies in（ ）.5. What can we know about the giant chipmaker-Intel in the passage?问题1选项