2022年考博英语-山东大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解8

2022年考博英语-山东大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题We maintain a reflexive, （ ） affection for Uncle Ralph, the boring fellow with interminable stories of a time we never knew.问题1选项A.hatefulB.distancedC.lovingD.glaring【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。hateful “可恨的”；distanced “距离远的”；loving “忠诚的”；glaring “耀眼的，瞪视的”。句意：我们对Ralph叔叔有一种反射式的疏远式的喜爱，这个无聊的家伙一次性没完没了地讲了很多我们不知道的故事。选项B符合题意。2. 写作题As the society develops, interpersonal relationships are getting more and more indifferent. Please make comment on the phenomena.【答案】It seems very ridiculous that people living so near dont know each other for such a long time. However, the condition is performed everywhere. It is the exact reflection of interpersonal relationships in the modem world where most people live in apartments. They close their doors and never go out as soon as they get home from work. If they live alone, they will kill their time by watching TV or reading magazines. They don t have any connections even with their closest neighbors，who seem no different from people they meet every day in the street.This phenomenon is neither good to us, nor to our society. People will feel lonely and become more and more indifferent so that interpersonal relationships are not harmonious. Interpersonal communication is very important to us. Firstly, it is essential for our physical well-being. Lack of communication shows a wide range of medical hazards. Socially isolated people are found to be two or three times more likely to suffer from poor health than those with strong social ties. Steady interpersonal communication contributes to the longevity of our lives. Secondly, interpersonal communication enables us to have a sense of our identity. Deprived of communication with others, we can hardly have a clear idea of identity. Our sense of identity comes from the way we interact with other people. We decide what we are like based on how others react to us. In our life we need to feel a sense of belonging to some personal relationship. We need to influence others and feel some sense of power over our world, and to care for others and know that they care for us, thus to have a sense of affection and friendship. Lastly, interpersonal communication is the means of important information in every respect, which makes us well informed and helps us to grow.To sum up, interpersonal communication is just as necessary as water and air to us in our work and life. We should pay great attention to the amount of interpersonal communication as well as to the ways of doing it. Proper and skillful interpersonal communication will satisfy our physical needs, psychological needs, social needs and practical needs.3. 单选题Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _ produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction【答案】A【解析】形近异义词辨析。absorption “吸收”；transition“传送，过渡，传递”；consumption “消费，消耗”；interaction “相互作用”。句意：从固体变成液体，水要吸收周围所有物体的热量，这种吸收会导致周围环境变冷。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题（ ）what has been said，it is unlike that population growth will be halted，either in the developed or in the undeveloped world.问题1选项A.In view ofB.On behalf ofC.For the sake ofD.With the exception of【答案】A【解析】介词词组解析。in view of “ 鉴于，考虑到”；on behalf of “ 代表，为了”；for the sake of “由于，因为”；with the exception of “除了以外”。句意：考虑到他所说的，无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，人口增长似乎不会停止。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, （ ）schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.问题1选项A.compellingB.forcedC.obligedD.compulsory【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。compelling “强制的”；forced “被迫的”；obliged “有责任的”；compulsory “必修的，义务的”。句意：在苏格兰，就像在英国的其他地方一样，义务教育是从5岁到16岁。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be _ to tourist spending?问题1选项A.attributedB.appliedC.contributedD.attached【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。attributed to “归因于”；applied to “应用于”；contributed to “有助于”；attached to “附属于”。句意：在度假胜地或附近，商店销售额中有多大的比例可以归因于旅游消费？选项A符合题意。7. 单选题As a person who combines care with _, Marisa completed her duties with _ as well as zeal.问题1选项A.levity resignationB.enthusiasm meticulousnessC.vitality willingnessD.empathy rigor【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。levity “多变，轻浮”；resignation “辞职，放弃”；enthusiasm “热情，积极性”；meticulousness “谨小慎微”；vitality “活力，生气”；willingness “意愿，乐意”；empathy “同感，共鸣”；rigor “严厉，精确”。句意：作为一个既谨慎又积极的人，玛丽莎细致而又热情地完成了她的职责。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题A balance used for weighing drugs or jewels must be a（ ）instrument, but this would be quite unsuitable for weighing coal, sand or blocks of stone.问题1选项A.distinctionB.correctionC.precautionD.precision【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。distinction “区别”；correction “改正”；precaution “预防”；precision “精确的”。句意：用来称药品和珠宝的是一种精密仪器，这种仪器不合适称煤、沙或石块的重量。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Science is based on experiment，on a willingness to（ ）old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is.问题1选项A.encounterB.convertC.challengeD.formulate【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。encounter “偶然遇见”；convert “转换”；challenge “挑战”；formulate “规划”。句意：科学是基于实验的，愿意去挑战老教条，以开放的眼光去探求宇宙的本质。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题This new book has received several reviews since its publication; but none of them have made a just （ ） of the book.问题1选项A.calculationB.evaluationC.profitD.register【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。calculation “估计”；evaluation “评价”；profit “利润”；register “注册”。句意：这本书出版以来已经获得了几个评论，但是没有一个评论是表示对这本书的评价。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, （ ）speak to a room of people.问题1选项A.much lessB.much moreC.still moreD.more or less【答案】B【解析】副词词组辨析。much less “更不用说”；much more “更加”；still more “更何况”；more or less “或多或少”。句意：她十分害羞以至于不敢询问陌生人时间，更何况是和一屋子的人说话。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy _ at any price.问题1选项A.orderB.emancipationC.hopeD.liberty【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。order “命令，顺序”；emancipation “解放，释放”；hope “希望”；liberty “自由”。句意：被二十年实质无政府状态所动摇，大多数人们将不惜一切代价购买规则。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题The fact that the earths surface heats _ provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.问题1选项A.infrequentlyB.irregularlyC.unsteadilyD.unevenly【答案】D【解析】副词词义解析。infrequently “很少发生地”；irregularly “不规则地”；unsteadily “不稳定地”；unevenly “不均衡地”。句意：事实就是地球表面加热不均衡提供了一种将其划分成多个温度区域的简便方法。选项D符合题意。14. 单选题All the investors in stocks must be（ ）to the risks in such investment.问题1选项A.realisticB.alertC.accessibleD.awake【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。realistic “现实的”；alert “警觉的”；accessible “易接近的”；awake “醒着的”。句意：所有股票投资者都必须当心这种投资的风险。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题Language, culture, and personality may be considered _ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。separately from “独立的”, independently和of搭配。句意：语言、文化和个性被认为是相互独立存在的，但是实际上是不可分割的。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and _ for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.问题1选项A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.inclination【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。ingredient “要素，组成部分”，reliance “信赖”；shelter “庇护，避难所”；inclination “倾向，爱好”。句意：多我们来说知识是舒适而必要的归宿在我们年老的时候，如果年轻时不开始，年老的时候它就不会给我们遮阴。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题Stores and supermarkets have been（ ）with each other to attract customers.问题1选项A.strivingB.vyingC.conqueringD.sprouting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。striving “奋斗，力争”；vying “使针锋相对”； conquering “战胜，征服”；sprouting “使发芽；使萌芽”。句意：商店和超市针锋相对，都想要吸引顾客。选项B符合题意。18. 单选题If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot（ ）his office.问题1选项A.obtainB.secureC.haveD.retain【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。obtain “获得”；secure “保护”；have “拥有”；retain “保留”。句意：如果下个月没有做一些实质性的工作，他将保不住他的职位。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题Many of the conditions that _ population pressures overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness lead to dissatisfaction.问题1选项A.bring forwardB.give rise toC.feed up withD.result from【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。bring forward “提出，提前”； give rise to “引起”； feed up with “对厌烦”； result from “起因于”。句意：许多由于人口压力导致的条件，过度拥挤、失业、贫困、饥饿和疾病，导致了不满。选项D符合题意。20. 单选题I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a _ character.问题1选项A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。gracious “有礼貌的，优美的”；suspicious “可疑的”，unique “独一无二的，唯一的”；particular “特别的”。句意：我一直不相信他，因为我觉得他是一个可疑的人。选项B符合题意。