2022-2023年考博英语-中央美术学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）第46期

2022-2023年考博英语-中央美术学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.1.Behavior problems of dogs are believed to（ ）.2.The primary purpose of obedience training is to（ ）.3.Effective communication between a dog and its owner is（ ）.4.Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?5.When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner（ ）.问题1选项A.be just part of their natureB.worsen in modern societyC.occur when they go wildD.present a threat to the community问题2选项A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.make the dog aware of its owners authorityC.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behaviorD.enable the dog to regain its normal behavior问题3选项A.essential to solving the dogs behavior problemsB.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC.a good way to teach the dog new tricksD.an extreme measure in obedience training问题4选项A.To avoid being punishedB.To show their affection for their mastersC.To win leadership of the dog packD.To show their willingness to obey问题5选项A.can give the dog more rewardsB.will enjoy a better family lifeC.can give the dog more freedomD.will have more confidence in himself【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. 狗是群居动物，如果没有适当的训练，它们会表现得像野生动物一样。”可知狗的行为问题是由其本性决定的。故A项正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段和第二段“The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. 防止或治疗行为问题的关键是学会教狗把它的正常行为改成在家庭环境中可以接受的发泄。服从训练并不能解决所有的行为问题，但它是解决任何问题的基础。可知服从训练的主要目的是为狗的野蛮行为提供发泄的途径。C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段最后一句“Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. 有效的沟通对指导你的狗做你想要它做的事情是必要的。”可知B项“是狗执行任务的基础”正确。4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. 大多数狗狗喜欢为你表演一些小把戏，让你愉快地接受你是主人的事实。”可知D项正确。5.细节事实题。由最后一段“A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 一条受过良好训练的狗比未受过训练的动物更有信心，也能更安全地获得更多的自由。”可知C项正确。2. 单选题The most successful post-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and（ ）them to another area of life.问题1选项A.utilizeB.employC.applyD.exert【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。utilize“利用”；employ“使用，采用”；apply“申请，应用”；exert“运用，发挥”。句意：最成功的退役后的运动员是那些将他们从运动中学到的技巧和同一性运用到生活的其他领域的人。C项符合题意。3. 单选题Many scientists remain（ ） about the value of this research program.问题1选项A.skepticalB.stationaryC.spaciousD.specific【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。skeptical“怀疑的”；stationary“固定的，静止的”；spacious“宽敞的，广阔的”；specific“特殊的，特定的”。句意：一些科学家对这个研究项目的价值保持怀疑。A项符合题意。4. 单选题The（ ） stuck on the envelope says “By Air”.问题1选项A.diagramB.labelC.signalD.mark【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。diagram“图表，图解”；label“标签”；signal“信号”；mark“标志，记号”。句意：信封上贴的标签写着“航空信件”。B项符合题意。5. 单选题Please be serious. I am not（ ）. You should consider it carefully.问题1选项A.sortingB.jokingC.countingD.comparing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。sort“将分类”；joke“开玩笑”；count“计数”；compare“比较”。句意：请严肃点，我不是开玩笑的。你应该仔细地想想。B项符合题意。6. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following five underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.Warning and other signs blamed for two million accidentsNearly two million drivers in the UK have had accidents due to “Baby On Board” signs and childrens toys that obscure their view, according to alarming new research.One in 20 motorists says stickers and playtime paraphernalia are to blame for a collision-equivalent to 1. 85 million of Britains 37 million drivers.1.The revelation triggered a warning by road safety charity Brake to cut down on clutter in the car.Deputy chief executive Julie Townsend said “Baby On Board” signs are useful in alerting the emergency services that a child may be involved in the event of a crash.“This help can become a hindrance if drivers display signs when their child isnt in the vehicle，” she said.2. “Worse still is the danger that can be posed by drivers blocking out their view by staining windows with lots of sign.”“Drivers1 priority should always be getting there safely without putting themselves, young passengers or other road users at risk.”3.A survey commissioned by price comparison website C found that 37 percent of parents have displayed signs and four out of five of them believe they improve safety4.But 46 per cent admit doing so at all timesregardless of whether or not their child is in the car and 15 per cent confess they only have them for their novelty value.The poll of 2, 000 drivers also found that 46 percent of drivers regard them as a hazard and 33 percent say they are tacky.“There are benefits and dangers to “Baby on Board” signs. 5.They can offer useful information for nurses in the case of a crash but having too many novelty items displayed could be a safety issue,” said a Confused, com spokesman.【答案】1.因此，道路交通安全慈善机构Brake提醒大家清理车辆的相关物品。2.“更糟的是，如果车主在车窗上散乱地贴了很多车贴，会妨碍视线，造成危险。”3.比价网站C开展的一项调查发现，37%的父母使用了车贴，其中4/5相信这能使行驶更安全。4.但有46%的受访者承认，不管孩子在没在车里，他们都会使用车贴，还有15%承认自己这样做只是因为新奇有趣。5.在遇到交通事故时，这种车贴可以为医护人员提供有用的信息，但如果车上贴了太多花里胡哨的车贴，就会造成安全隐患了。”7. 单选题I （ ） on a book with him. He help me a lot with collecting materials.问题1选项A.cooperateB.operateC.collateD.collaborate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。cooperate“合作”；operate“操作”；collate“核对，校对”；collaborate“（由指创作性劳动方面）合作”。句意：我跟他一起合著了这本书，他在收集资料方面帮了我很多。D项符合题意。8. 单选题Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of（ ）.问题1选项A.extinctionB.migrationC.destructionD.extraction【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。extinction“灭绝，消灭”；migration“迁移，移民”；destruction“毁灭”；extraction“取出，抽出”。句意：令人悲伤的是，大熊猫现在成了濒临灭绝的动物种类之一。A项符合题意。9. 单选题I（ ） that he was a little crippled in the leg so I slowed down my pace.问题1选项A.perceivedB.deceivedC.conceivedD.received【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“察觉，感知”；B选项deceive“欺骗”；C选项conceive“设想，构思，认为”；D选项receive“接收”。根据句意“我察觉到他的腿有点跛，所以我放慢了脚步。”选项A符合句意。10. 单选题Will you please（ ）everything is ready for the party to be held next Sunday?问题1选项A.see it thatB.see to itC.seeing thatD.see to it that【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项see it that没有这种搭配；B选项see to it“留意必定做”；C选项seeing that“由于，因为”；D选项see to it that“务必，保证”。根据句意“请你务必为下星期天举行的晚会做好一切准备，好吗?”选项D符合句意。11. 单选题For professional athletes,（ ）to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history book.问题1选项A.accessB.attachmentC.appealD.approach【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。access“通道，进入，机会”；attachment“附件，依恋”；appeal“呼吁，恳求”；approach“方法，方式”。句意：对于专业的运动员来说，有机会进去奥林匹克意味着他们有机会进去历史书。A项符合题意。12. 单选题When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A, you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an M. B. A. and is famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $ 24,000, while the full professors managed to earn just $23,030.A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. There are more Ph. D. s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph. D. s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the doorkeeper earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1.According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who（ ） .2.Many Ph. D s are out of a job because（ ）.3.The nation is only interested in people（ ）.4.Which of the following is Not true?5.The writer sees education as（ ）.问题1选项A.will not be a disgrace to societyB.will become loyal citizensC.can take care of themselvesD.can meet the nations demands as a source of manpower问题2选项A.they are improperly educatedB.they are of little commercial value to their societyC.there are fewer jobs in high schoolsD.they prefer easier jobs that make more money问题3选项A.with diplomasB.who specialize in physics and chemistryC.who are valuable to the gross national productD.both A and C问题4选项A.Bernard Shaw didnt finish high school, nor did Edison.B.One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.C.The higher your education level, the more money youll earn.D.If you are too well-educated, youll be over-educated for societys demands.问题5选项A.a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a countrys demands for technical workersB.a way to broaden ones horizonsC.more important than finding a jobD.an opportunity that everyone should have【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. 他们真正的意思是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力资源，而不是证明你在社会中的尴尬。”也就是说，社会希望教育能够转向培养出作为人力资源来满足国家需要的人才。选项D符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“你只能到目前为止把收入水平与教育水平等同起来。也就是说，要让你对国民生产总值有用，但又不能让任何人从你身上赚取太多利润。”由此可知，很多博士生失业，正是因为对社会没有什么商业价值，所以选项B正确。3.细节事实题。本题的答案定位也是在原文最后一个自然段。根据上一题可知，国家只对那些国民生产总值有价值的人感兴趣。所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? 比如说，你知道吗?长途卡车司机的年收入比全职教授要高。”由此可知，并不是教育水平越高，赚的钱就越多。所以选项C不正确。5.判断推理题。原文第一自然段提及“当你的父母建议你接受教育以提高你的收入时，他们只告诉了你一半的真相。他们真正的意思是获得足够的教育来为社会提供人力资源，而不是证明你在社会中的尴尬。”也就是说，作者认为教育不仅仅是一种提供工作保障和财政保障的手段，也是一种满足国家对技术工人需求的手段，所以选项A符合原文。13. 单选题He was so poor that he had（ ） than one hundred dollars.问题1选项A.no lessB.not lessC.no moreD.not more【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。no more than意为“至多，仅仅”。句意“他穷到仅仅只有一百美元。”选项C符合句意。14. 单选题The worker invented a(n)（ ） for catching flies.问题1选项A.equipmentB.toolC.deviceD.apparatus【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项equipment“设备，器材”，多指重型设备，如体育器材；B选项tool“工具”，一般指手工工具；C选项device“装置”，多指为某一特殊用途而设计的精巧仪器；D选项apparatus“仪器”，一般指由多种零件组成的复杂仪器。句意：工人发明了一种工具来捕捉苍蝇。捕捉苍蝇不需要精密的或重型的设备，所以只有选项B正确。15. 单选题Dogs are often praised for their（ ） they almost never abandon their masters.问题1选项A.faithB.loyaltyC.trustD.truthfulness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。faith“信仰，信念”；loyalty“忠实，忠心”；trust“信任，信赖”；truthfulness“坦率，正当”。句意：狗经常因其对主人忠实而受到表扬，他们几乎从不会抛弃他们的主人。由后半句句意可知B项符合题意。16. 单选题Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as “Help Wanted”，“Real Estate” “Lost and Found” are made, the rate charged being less than for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser.The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers may, on this account, use a very small advertisement if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper. It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent on display type to get the readers attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the readers attention. In many cases, the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way, the classified advertisement has in reality advertisement. This is particularly true of real estate advertising.1.All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT that（ ）.2.One of the examples given about types of classified advertisement is（ ）.3.What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisement, according to the writer?4.According to the passage, in which way have the classified advertisements changed nowadays?5.Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance?问题1选项A.classified advertisement charges less moneyB.it is easier to attract the attention of the target consumersC.it provides more information for the readersD.it does not have to rely too much on display type问题2选项A.houses for saleB.people who are asking for helpC.people who are lostD.job vacancies问题3选项A.They are in the frame of mind to buy anythingB.They are looking for something they needC.They feel lost because there are so many advertisementsD.They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements问题4选项A.They depend more on display type.B.More money is charged for them.C.They are divided into more groups.D.They are less formal.问题5选项A.Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B.Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C.Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be small now.D.Because there are more advertisements now and more competition among advertisers.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“the rate charged being less than for display advertising. 收费低于展示广告。”和第二段“As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent on display type to get the readers attention由于读者的注意力是自愿的，因此不需要过分依赖展示类型来吸引读者的注意力。”可知ABD项文中都有提及，故答案C。2.细节事实题。由第一段“Such groupings as “Help Wanted”，“Real Estate” “Lost and Found” are made诸如“招聘”、“房地产”、“失物招领”等。”可知Real Estate对应A项，故答案选A。3.细节事实题。由第二段“He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. 他翻开一页分类广告，寻找能满足他需要的特定广告。”可知B项正确。4.细节事实题。由第二段“In many cases, the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way, the classified advertisement has in reality advertisement. 在许多情况下，其结果是增加了使用空间的大小，增加了标题和图片。这样，分类广告就有了现实广告。”可知分类广告更依赖展现形式。A项正确。5.细节事实题。由第二段“With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the readers attention. 然而，随着此类广告数量的增加，同一群体中的每一个广告客户都在与同一群体中的其他客户竞争以吸引读者的注意力。”可知由于竞争加大导致分类广告发生了变化。故D项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:17. 单选题When you ask me about Cynthia, what were you（ ） ?问题1选项A.meaning forB.driving atC.intending forD.intending to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。选项A介词搭配不正确，可首先排除；B选项drive at相当于aim at“用意所在”；C选项intend for“打算使”；D选项intend to“打算做，想要”，后面一般需要接do sth.。句意：你问我关于辛西娅的事，你的用意何在？所以选项B正确。18. 单选题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word table following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the table is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the table more than once.It is 3 a.m. everything on the university campus seems ghostlike in the quiet and darknesseverything except the computer center. Here, twenty students rumpled and bleary-eyed, tapping away on the（1）keys. With eyes glued to the video screen, they tap on for hours. For the rest of the world, it might be the middle of the night, but here time does not exist. This is a world unto itself. These young computer “hackers” are（2）a kind of compulsion, a drive so consuming it overshadows nearly every other part of their lives and forms the focal point of their existence. They are（3）computer programmers. Some of these students have been at the console for thirty hours or more without a break for meals or sleep. Some have（4）on sofas and lounge chairs in the computer center, trying to catch a moment sleep but dont want to get too far away from their beloved machines. Most of these students dont have to beat the computer center in the middle of the night. They arent working on assignments. They are there because they want to bethey are irresistibly（5）there.And they are not alone. There are（6）at computer centers all across the country. In their extreme form, they focus on nothing else. They flunk out of school and lose contact with friends; they might have difficulty finding jobs, choosing instead to wander from one computer center to another.“I remember one hacker.