2022-2023年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第6期

2022-2023年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Discontent with the cost and sometimes impersonal delivery of health care has fueled A Bgrowth in alternative medicine, now a $14 billions-a-year industry. C D问题1选项A.sometimesB.has fueledC.alternativeD.$14 billions-a-year【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为discontent with the cost（对成本的不满）和impersonal delivery of health care（非个人医疗服务的提供）表示的是两件不同的事，因此谓语动词用复数形式。试题答案：B; have fueled2. 问答题The attacks on ambition (A) come from various angles: its public defenders are few and impressive, (B) where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, (C) a quality to be admired and inculcated in the young, (D) is probably lower than has ever been in the United States.【答案】D；改成is probably lower than it has ever been。Lower than后面的句缺少主语。3. 单选题The ships were found to be unsuitable for the conditions in which they had supposedly been A B C Dadapted.问题1选项A.to beB.unsuitableC.unsuitableD.supposedly【答案】C【解析】考查介词搭配。C选项为“介词+which”引导的定语从句，adapt to（适应）为固定搭配，此处将介提前，因此用介词to。试题答案：C; to which4. 单选题The word euthanasia is of Greek origin and literally means “a good death. The American Heritage Dictionary defines it as the act of killing a person painlessly for reasons of mercy. Such killing can be done through active means, such as administering a lethal injection, or by passive means, such as withholding medical care or food and water.In recent years in the United States, there have been numerous cases of active euthanasia in the news. They usually involve the deliberate killing of ill or incapacitated persons by relatives or friends who plead that they can no longer bear to see their loved ones suffer. Although such killings are a crime, the perpetrators are often dealt with leniently by our legal system, and the media usually portrays them as compassionate heroes who take personal risks to save another from unbearable suffering.The seeming acceptance of active forms of euthanasia is alarming, but we face a bigger, more insidious threat from passive forms of euthanasia. Every year, in hospitals and nursing homes around the country, there are growing numbers of documented deaths caused by caregivers withholding life sustaining care, including food and water, from vulnerable patients who cannot speak for themselves.While it is illegal to kill someone directly, for example with a gun or knife, in many cases the law has put its stamp of approval on causing death by omitting needed care. Further, many states have “living will laws designed to protect those who withhold treatment, and there have been numerous court rulings which have approved of patients being denied care and even starved and dehydrated to death.Because such deaths occur quietly within the confines of hospitals and nursing homes, they can be kept hidden from the public. Most euthanasia victims are old or very ill, so their deaths might be attributed to a cause other than the denial of care that really killed them. Further, it is often relatives of the patient who request that care be withheld. In one court case, the court held that decisions to withhold life-sustaining care may be made not only by close family members but also by a number of third parties, and that such decisions need not be reviewed by the judicial system if there is no disagreement between decision makers and medical staff. The court went so far as to rule that a nursing home may not refuse to participate in the fatal withdrawal of food and water from an incompetent patient!Extraordinary or “heroic treatment need not be used when the chance for recovery is poor and medical intervention would serve only to prolong the dying process. But to deny customary and reasonable care or to deliberately starve or dehydrate someone because he or she is very old or very ill should not be permitted. Most of the cases coming before the courts do not involve withholding heroic measures from imminently dying people, but rather they seek approval for denying basic care, such as administration of food and water, to people who are not elderly or terminally ill, but who are permanently incapacitated. These people could be expected to live indefinitely, though in an impaired state, if they were given food and water and minimal treatment.No one has the right to judge that anothers life is not worth living. The basic right to life should not be abridged because someone decides that someone elses quality of life is too low. If we base the right to life on quality of life standards, there is no logical place to draw the line.To protect vulnerable patients, we must foster more positive attitudes towards people with serious and incapacitating illnesses and conditions. Despite the ravages of their diseases, they are still our fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect. We must also enact positive legislation that will protect vulnerable people from those who consider their lives meaningless or too costly to maintain and who would cause their deaths by withholding life-sustaining care such as food and water.1.The tone of the author can best be described as （ ）.2.In paragraph 3, the author finds starvation and dehydration induced euthanasia is to be more insidious because（ ）.3.As used in paragraph 3, what is the best synonym for insidious?4.The author maintains that death by withholding care is（ ）.5.As used in paragraph 7, which is the best definition of abridged?6.The main idea of paragraph 7 is that（ ）.7.In the final paragraph the author writes, Despite the ravages of their diseases, they are stillour fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect. The main purpose of this statement is to（ ）.问题1选项A.pleadingB.argumentativeC.compassionateD.emphaticE.mpathetic问题2选项A.euthanasia is legally considered to be a criminal actB.the publics attitude toward euthanasia is becoming more positiveC.it often involves those who cannot protestD.the patient has asked to die with dignityE.its perpetrators are viewed as kindly caregivers问题3选项A.mischievousB.treacherousC.seductiveD.apparentE.cumulative问题4选项A.largely confined to hospitalsB.largely confined to the terminally illC.often requested by family membersD.approved by living willsE.difficult to prove if prosecuted问题5选项A.trimmedB.curtailedC.lengthenedD.extendedE.compressed问题6选项A.lawyers will be unable to prosecute or defend caregiversB.no comprehensive right or wrong definition of euthanasia will existC.using a subjective standard will make the decision to end an individuals life arbitraryD.no boundary will exist between euthanasia and care omissionE.quality of life will no longer be able to be rigidly defined问题7选项A.prove a previous argumentB.illustrate an exampleC.gainsay a later statementD.object to a larger ideaE.justify an earlier statement【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B第6题:C第7题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Despite the ravages of their diseases, they are still our fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect.”尽管他们的疾病肆虐，但他们仍然是我们的同胞，值得我们的关心和尊重，可知作者的语气是同情的，因此C选项“有同情心的”正确。A选项“恳求的”；B选项“争论的”；D选项“强调的”；E选项“同感的”。2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Every year, in hospitals and nursing homes around the country, there are growing numbers of documented deaths caused by caregivers withholding life sustaining care, including food and water, from vulnerable patients who cannot speak for themselves.”每年，在全国各地的医院和疗养院里，有越来越多的记录在案的死亡案例是由于护理人员拒绝给予不能为自己说话的病人提供包括食物和水在内的生命维持护理。可知作案者为护理人员，因此A选项“它的作案者被视为仁慈的照顾者”符合题意。3.词义题。根据文章第三段中“but we face a bigger, more insidious threat from passive forms of euthanasia. Every year, in hospitals and nursing homes around the country, there are growing numbers of documented deaths caused by caregivers withholding life sustaining care, including food and water, from vulnerable patients who cannot speak for themselves.”可知这些病人的不是自愿选择安乐死的，而是由护理人员有意为之的。因此A选项“恶意的”符合题意；B选项“骗人的”；C选项“诱惑的，引诱的”；D选项“表面的，可看得到的”E选项“累积的”。4.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第三段中“Extraordinary or “heroic treatment need not be used when the chance for recovery is poor and medical intervention would serve only to prolong the dying process. But to deny customary and reasonable care or to deliberately starve or dehydrate someone because he or she is very old or very ill should not be permitted.”当恢复的可能性很小，且医疗干预只会延长垂死的过程时，就不需要使用“特殊的”或“英勇的”的治疗。但因他或她很老或病得严重而拒绝给予惯常、合理的照顾或故意使其饥饿或脱水却不应该被允许，可知B选项“很大程度上仅限于绝症患者”与作者的主张相符。5.词义题。根据文章第七段中“No one has the right to judge that anothers life is not worth living. The basic right to life should not be abridged because someone decides that someone elses quality of life is too low. ”没有人有权力去断定另一个人的生命是否值得继续，基本生存权不应该被因为有人认为别人的生活质量太低了。可知“abridge”与生命结束有关，因此B选项“被缩短”符合题意。A选项“被修剪，被整理”；C选项“被加长”；D选项“被延长”；E选项“被压缩”。6.主旨大意题。根据文章第七段中“No one has the right to judge that anothers life is not worth living. The basic right to life should not be abridged because someone decides that someone elses quality of life is too low.”可知每个人的基本生存权不能由别人认为其生活质量太低而被缩短，因此C选项“使用一个主观标准将让结束一个人的生命的决定变得武断”符合题意”。7.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The seeming acceptance of active forms of euthanasia is alarming, but we face a bigger, more insidious threat from passive forms of euthanasia.”人们对主动形式的安乐死的赞同看起来令人惊讶，但我们面临着来自被动形式安乐死的更大、更隐蔽的威胁，和最后一段中“Despite the ravages of their diseases, they are still our fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect.”尽管他们的疾病肆虐，但他们仍然是我们的同胞，值得我们的关心和尊重。可知作者反对这种被人们接受的观点，因此D选项“反对一种广泛的观点”符合题意。5. 问答题But sacrificing ambition so as to guard against its potential excesses, is to (A) go at things wrongly. To discourage ambition is to discourage dreams of grandeur and greatness. All men and women are born, live, suffer and die; (B) what distinguishes us one from another is our dreams, (C) may they be dream about worldly or unworldly things, and what we do to (D) make them come about.【答案】C；改成whether they be dreams about。6. 单选题Predicting the future is always risky. But its probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th-century as Americas “Disney Era.” Today, its certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modem America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely-known, but neither encapsulates 20th-century America in quite the same way as Disney.The reasons for Disneys success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongsto one person the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up in Hollywood, he single-handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchandising something his company still does brilliantly today.But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the “little guy,” and made him feel proud to be American. This he achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of the ordinary people. Some celebrated American achievements Disneys very first cartoon Plane Crazy, featuring a silent Mickey house, was inspired by Charles Lindberghs flight across the Atlantic. Others, like the three little Pigs and Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, showed how, through hard work and helping ones fellow man, ordinary Americans could survive social and economic crises like the Great Depression.Disneys other great virtue was the fact that his company unlike other big corporations had a human face. His Hollywood studio the public heard operated just like a democracy, where everyone was on first-name terms and had a say in how things should be run. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, his studios made training films for American soldiers.The reality, of course, was less idyllic. As the public would later learn, Disneys patriotism had an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in 1941, he became convinced that Hollywood had been infiltrated by Communists. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole（间谍）, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected were subversives.But, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article. A new book, The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, by Steven Watts, confirms that he was very definitely on the side of ordinary Americans in the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt, believing he was a champion of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologist for the FBI, as some have suggested. In fact, he was always suspicious of large, bureaucratic organizations, as is evidenced in films like That Darned Cat, in which he portrayed FBI agents as bungling incompetents.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public at large, he was “Uncle Walt” 一 the man who had entertained them all their lives, the man who represented all that was good about America.In the 30 years since his death, not much has changed. In 1986, he was attacked as a McCarthyist, a supporter of big business, and a purveyor of “sub-literate” entertainment. However, none of it has made any difference to the general public. Their loyalty to Uncle Walt remains as strong as ever.1.Walt Disney is believed to possess the following abilities EXCEPT（ ）.2.Walt Disney became an icon after his death not because（ ）.3.In the sixth paragraph the sentence “Disney was more or less the genuine article” means that（ ）.4.The writers attitude toward Walt Disney can best be described as（ ）.5.According to the passage, what was the pleasant side of Disneys patriotism?问题1选项A.paintingB.creativityC.managementD.merchandising问题2选项A.He was a role model to business people and filmmakersB.he could entertain the public at large all their livesC.he was a purveyor of “sub-literate” entertainmentD.he could represent all that was good about America问题3选项A.Disney was a creative and capable person.B.Disney once agreed to work for the FBI.C.Disney ran his company in a democratic way.D.Disney was sympathetic with ordinary people.问题4选项A.sympatheticB.objectiveC.criticalD.skeptical问题5选项A.He sided with ordinary Americans in his films.B.He supported Americas war efforts in his own way.C.He had doubts about large, bureaucratic organizations.D.He voted for Franklin Roosevelt in the 30s and 40s.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Ironically he could not draw particularly well”讽刺的是他画得不太好，可知Walt Disney绘画能力不好，因此选A。2.细节事实题。文章最后两段讲述了Walt Disney死后的影响，A、C、D选项在倒数第二段中都有提及，B选项在最后一段中提及，不符合题干中成为偶像的原因，因此选B。3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段中“he was very definitely on the side of ordinary Americans”可知Walt Disney站在普通美国人这边，因此D选项“迪士尼对普通人很同情”符合题意。4.观点态度题。根据文章第二段中“The reasons for Disneys success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney.”和第五段中“As the public would later learn, Disneys patriotism had an unpleasant side.”可知作者既写了Walt Disney对迪士尼公司的成功有突出贡献，又写了他爱国主义不好的一面，因此作者对Walt Disney的态度是客观的，选B。5.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, his studios made training films for American soldiers.”他也被认为是一位伟大的爱国者，因为他不仅以他的动画片赞美美国，而且在二战期间，他的制作室也为美国士兵制作训练用影片。可知他以自己的方式支持美国的战争努力，因此选B。7. 单选题Because they were unaware of his interests in the building, they did not understand why he A B felt so bad.C D问题1选项A.unaware ofB.interestsC.feltD.so bad【答案】B【解析】考查名词单复数。interest意为“兴趣”时，为不可数名词。试题答案：B; interest in8. 问答题Demographic indicators show that Americans in the post war period were more eager than ever to establishfamilies. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women Aand brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred years of steady B Cdecline, producing the baby boom. D【答案】试题答案：B; high【解析】考查形容词。此处表示他们把男女的婚龄降了下来，使出生率达到了20世纪的高峰。height 是名词，一般表示“高度”；high是形容词，一般表示“很高的”，修饰名词。9. 问答题The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, (A) where the (B) protagonists at least shared a common language, but (C) while it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to the (D) onslaught of modern technology, there is no common language.【答案】C；“while”改为“when”。【解析】考查从句引导词。句意：这种新的冲突比传统的人与人之间的冲突更危险，在传统的冲突中，主人公们至少有一种共同的语言，但在当涉及到生态系统对现代技术冲击的反应时，却没有共同的语言。句中的“while”引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”，而“while”引导的时间状语从句中谓语部分需为延续性动词，为进行时态，“when”引导的时间状语从句既可以用延续性动词也可以用短暂性动词，既可以用一般时态也可以用进行时态，所以将“while”改为“when”。10. 翻译题Translate the following from English into Chinese.We can take the mysterious, hazy future and carve out of it anything that we can imagine,just as a sculptor carves a statue from a shapeless stone. We are all in the position of the farmer. If we plant a good seed, we reap a good harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we reap a useless crop. If we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all.I want the future to be better than the past. I dont want it contaminated by the mistakes and errors with which history is filled. We should all be concerned about the future because that is where we will spend the remainder of our lives.The past is gone and static. Nothing we can do will change it. The future is before us and dynamic. Everything we do will affect it. Each day brings with it new frontiers, in our homes and in our businesses, if we will only recognize them. We are just at the beginning of the progress in every field of human endeavor.【答案】我们可以把神秘的、不可知的未来塑造成我们所能想象到的任何东西，就像雕刻家将不成形的石头上雕刻成雕像一样。我们都站在农民的立场。如果我们播下好的种子，我们就会收获好收成。如果我们的种子贫瘠，杂草丛生，我们就会收获无用的庄稼。如果我们什么都不种，我们就什么也收获不了。我希望未来比过去更美好。我不希望它会被那些充斥在过去中的错误与过失所污染。我们都应该关心未来，因为我们将在未来度过余生。往昔已逝，静如止水。我们所能做的一切都改变不了它。未来就在我们面前，充满活力。我们所做的每一件都将会影响它。只要我们认识到这些，在我们的家中和在企业中，每一天都会带来新的领域。在人类努力开拓的每一片领域上，我们正处于进步的开端。11. 问答题Yet to have a family nowadays (A) with birth control readily available, and (B) inflation a good economic argument against having childrenis nearly an expression of ambition itself. Though ambition was once (C) the domain chiefly of monarchs and aristocrats, it has, in more recent times, increasingly become the domain of the middle class. Working, saving, planningthese, the daily aspects of ambition have always been (D) the distinguished marks of a rising middle class.【答案】D；改成the distinguishing marks。distinguishing 有区别的；distinguished卓越的，著名的。句意：工作,储蓄,雄心壮志的计划这些,每日方面一直是崛起的中产阶级的区分标志。12. 翻译题Macroeconomic PolicyIf the Great Dep