2022-2023年考博英语-四川大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第23期

2022-2023年考博英语-四川大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The decline in moral standardswhich has long concerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, says this ethics professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that Im in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms. Elshtain says.Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With todays greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U. S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament for some nonexistent “ golden age, ” Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought.”1.Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans（ ） .2.The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by （ ） .3.Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?4.In the 1950s, classroom violence（ ） .5.According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed （ ）.问题1选项A.have adapted to a new set of moral standardsB.are longing for the return of the good old daysC.have realized the importance of material thingsD.are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards问题2选项A.its growing wealthB.the self-centeredness of individualsC.underestimating the impact of social changesD.the prejudice against women and minorities问题3选项A.Great mobility.B.Concern for ones neighbors.C.Emphasis on individual effortD.Ever-weakening social bonds.问题4选项A.was something unheard ofB.was by no means a rare occurrenceC.attracted a lot of public attentionD.began to appear in analysts data问题5选项A.if people can return to the “golden age”B.when women and men enjoy equal rightsC.when people rid themselves of prejudiceD.if less emphasis is laid on material things【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.根据关键词“Elshtain&pleased”定位到第一段”The decline in moral standardswhich has long concerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. ”由此可知, Elshtain教授很高兴看到大多数美国人开始认识到社会道德标准的下降。选项D符合原文。2.根据到第三段的二、三句, “Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. ”美国社会的物质主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。选项B以自我为中心的个人主义思想，符合原文。3.根据第四段的第一句话,“Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another.”可知，选项B正确。4.根据关键词“1950”定位到第三段第二句话, “Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.”“unheard of in the 1950s”指在1950年代闻所未闻，由此说明1950年代不存在校园暴力。选项A正确。5.根据关键词“Elshtain & current moral decline”定位到最后一段的第一句话“Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society.”除非人们找到对抗社会物质主义的方法，否则道德滑坡是不会逆转的。由此可见, 当人们减少对物质的追求时, 道德水准的下降趋势可能得以扭转。选项D符合原文。2. 单选题The team has been working overtime on the research project_ .问题1选项A.latelyB.just nowC.lateD.long ago【答案】A【解析】lately近来, 不久前；just now刚才，眼下；late晚，迟，在晚期；long ago很久以前。just now和long ago用于过去时，lately用于现在完成时，符合语法结构。所以选项A正确。句意：这个团队最近一直在加班研究项目。3. 单选题There has not been a great response to the sale, （ ） ?问题1选项A.does itB.has itC.does thereD.has there【答案】D【解析】There be的反义疑问句直接用be动词+there。4. 单选题The supply of apples exceeds the （ ） this year.问题1选项A.requestB.claimC.requirementD.demand【答案】D【解析】句意：今年的苹果供不应求。supply供给对应demand需求。选项D更符合。5. 单选题He said it would not be all that difficult to reach a peaceful conclusion to the（ ） .问题1选项A.paradoxB.dilemmaC.prejudiceD.conflict【答案】D【解析】paradox似非而是的论点，自相矛盾的话；dilemma困境，进退两难；prejudice偏见，成见；conflict冲突，争执，矛盾。句意：他说并不是所有的冲突都很难达成和平解决的共识。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modem life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappointing. Offices ,shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of the last generation. He gains in creating comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the U. S. is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in lifejoy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe?Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they rear that France is threated by triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modem economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, convenience ,and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modem, industrial France is preferable to the old.1.The old French way of life is characterized by （ ） .2.According to the passage, all the following are the description of todays Frenchmen EXCEPT that（ ） .3.Which of the following is true about the critics?4.The best title for the passage would be （ ） .5.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ） .问题1选项A.leisure, elegance and efficiencyB.elegance, efficiency and tasteC.leisure, elegance and tasteD.leisure, efficiency and taste问题2选项A.many of them prefer the modem lifestyleB.the actually enjoy working at the assembly lineC.they are more concerned with money than beforeD.they are more competitive than the old generation问题3选项A.Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life.B.Student critics are greater in number than critics in other field.C.Student critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.D.Critics are concerned solely with the present rather than the future.问题4选项A.Changes in the French Way of LifeB.Criticism of the New LifestyleC.The Americanization of FranceD.Features of the New Way of Life问题5选项A.in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhereB.the French enjoy short lunch hoursC.the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked applesD.great changes have occurred in the lifestyle of all Frenchmen【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.根据第二段第四、五句话“They fear that.the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life.”由此可见, 古老法国式生活的特点是安逸、高雅以及品味。选项C正确。2.根据第二段的第三句“They fear that“assembly-line life”will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely ( but less productive) old French style.” 他们害怕“流水线式的生活”会引起古老法国式生活的高雅和安逸所带来的愉悦感消失，所以他们不会享受流水线式的生活。选项B符合要求。3.根据第三段的最后一句话,“Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. ”偶尔，他们对这一趋势的反应是相当暴力的。选项C符合原文。4.文章主要讲的是法国生活方式的变迁以及大家对此的态度。因此, 选项A正确，其他选项只是部分内容。5.根据第一段的最后两句“He gains in creating comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.”选项A法国人在追求物质利益的过程中, 可能会在别处失去一些东西，符合原文。7. 单选题We are not on very good （ ） with the people next door.问题1选项A.friendshipB.relationsC.willD.terms【答案】D【解析】ongood/badtermswith为固定词组, 意思是“和.关系很好/不和”。句意：我们和邻居的关系不是很好。8. 单选题Due to personality_ , the two colleagues never got on well in work.问题1选项A.contradictionB.conflictC.confrontationD.competition【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。contradiction矛盾，否认，反驳；conflict冲突, 矛盾，斗争，争执；confrontation对抗，面对，对质；competition竞争，比赛。Contradiction表示的是一种事物之间矛盾的状态，一般指抽象的矛盾，比如观点上的矛盾；conflict语气更强烈，一般指人之间或者军事上的冲突，是一种战争状态。根据句意：由于性格冲突, 这两个同事在工作中一直不和。选项B更符合句意。9. 单选题While some office jobs would seem （ ） to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying.问题1选项A.hostileB.tediousC.fantasticD.courageous【答案】B【解析】hostile敌对的, 充满敌意的；tedious单调乏味的；fantastic极好的；courageous勇敢的。根据句意可知, 填空处应该是和下文提到的刺激, 令人兴奋和令人满意相反意义的词。所以选项B符合句意。10. 写作题Directions: “Go West, Young Man” was a popular saying of the 19 century in the United States, referring to opportunities on the frontier. Today in China, there is also a great need for patriotic and energetic young people to go west and make contributions to the western region development. Write on the Answer Sheet an essay of about 150 words to discuss the significance of the development of West China. The suggested title is Go West, Revitalize Our Nation.【答案】Go West, Revitalize Our NationThe western region development is a key move the State Council has taken, to achieve the balance and co-ordinate development of economy in the difference region all over China. It can contribute to national employment as well as economic growth of the western region. Therefore, the western region is in great need for an army of talents who will be dedicated to their youth and blood, in particular, earlier stage of development.For the western progress and prosperity, young people should catch the chance to become pioneers there and to achieve their own value rather than enjoy good living condition in cities. There exist a variety of resources to be required for exploiting and utilizing. There it is full of business opportunities to demonstrate your ability and make your dream come true.If you are a fresh graduate, if you aspire to do big things, if you commit yourself to revitalizing our nation, go to the western region where its development can4 carry on without your knowledge, enthusiasm and devotion. The west calls for you! Young people.11. 单选题There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most （1 ） held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it means （2 ） the pavement into a busy street! （3 ） you must pass under a ladder you can （4 ）bad luck by crossing your fingers and （5 ） them crossed until you have seen a dog. （6 ） , you may lick your finger and （7 ） across on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the （8 ） has dried. Another common （9 ） is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the houseit will either bring （10 ） to the person who opened it or to the whole （11 ） . Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is （12 ） , as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month （13） on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay （14） , the worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, （15） it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to （16） in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are （17） witchcraft.It is （18 ）lucky if a black cat crosses your pathalthough in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood （19 ） luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never （20） , touch wood?”问题1选项A.broadlyB.widelyC.quicklyD.speedily问题2选项A.running fromB.jumping offC.stepping offD.keeping from问题3选项A.IfB.AsC.ThoughD.Unless问题4选项A.eraseB.removeC.avoidD.ease问题5选项A.keepB.keepingC.keptD.to keep问题6选项A.ConsequentlyB.HoweverC.ComparativelyD.Alternatively问题7选项A.makeB.printC.performD.produce问题8选项A.labelB.symbolC.markD.cut问题9选项A.argumentB.superstitionC.opinionD.idea问题10选项A.lossB.difficultyC.tragedyD.misfortune问题11选项A.houseB.householdC.homeD.circle问题12选项A.unwiseB.unintelligentC.unpopularD.unfortunate问题13选项A.fallsB.arrivesC.dropsD.happens问题14选项A.awayB.outdoorsC.indoorsD.far问题15选项A.whenB.asC.ifD.though问题16选项A.have originatedB.be originatingC.originatedD.be originate问题17选项A.concerned aboutB.related withC.associated withD.connected in问题18选项A.especiallyB.speciallyC.frequentlyD.rarely问题19选项A.asB.forC.inD.of问题20选项A.broken upB.broken offC.broken awayD.broken down【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:B第16题:A第17题:C第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）副词辨析。broadly大体的；widely广泛的。根据原文：在英国有许多迷信，但其中最广为流传的是.选项B符合原文。（2）running from飞奔似的逃离；jumping off跳下来；stepping off步测；keeping from隐瞒，阻止。从人行道上走到繁忙的街道上, 用step off。（3）这里指假设：如果你一定要从梯子下走过.。（4）霉运只能避开，不能消除，所以选项C正确。（5）根据and 前面的crossing可知这里也应该用ing形式。所以选项B正确。（6）根据下文的内容可知，这里指避开霉运的另一种方法，选项D正确。（7）make a cross为固定搭配，意为画十字。（8）根据原文可知，填空处填入的词指代上句提到的在鞋上画的十字。用mark最恰当。（9）上文提到的一个迷信已经描述完毕，这里指另一个迷信，选项B正确。（10）上文提到的迷信会给人带来不幸（unlucky），这里也指不幸，所以选项B正确。（11）根据原文可知，在室内撑伞不仅给个人, 甚至会给家庭带来不幸，选项B正确。（12）原文指：不论是谁, 在天气好的时候撑伞都是不受欢迎的，因为这必然会导致下雨。选项C符合语境。（13）fall on为固定搭配，意为轮到, 恰逢。原文指：当这个月的第13天恰好是星期五时.（14）根据原文：当这个月的第13天恰好是星期五时，要是想避开不好的事情，最好是待在家里。stay indoors指待在家里，符合句意。（15）根据原文：一个人最大的不幸是打碎了镜子，因为这会带来好几年的坏运气。选项B符合句意。（16）原文指过去发生的事情对现在的影响, 所以用现在完成时。选项A正确。（17）将.与.联系在一起用associated with。concerned about关心，担忧；related with使相关，使符合，这里没有被动的意思，所以不选B；connected一般与to搭配。所以选项C正确。（18）根据句意：如果有一只黑猫穿过你面前的路，你那就特别幸运了。选项A符合句意。specially专门地；frequently频繁地；rarely罕见地。（19）for表目的, 原文指：触摸木头, 以此来获得好运。（20）根据原文：如果你认为自己说了一些冒险的话，比如“我的车从没坏过，碰木头吧?”选项D符合句意。break up分手；break off断裂；break away挣脱；break down损坏。12. 单选题They have always regarded a man of （ ） and fairness as a reliable friend.问题1选项A.robustnessB.temperamentC.integrityD.compactness【答案】C【解析】robustness健壮性, 坚固性;temperament气质, 性格, 性情;integrity正直;compactness 紧密,坚实。句意：他们一直把正直而公平的人视作可靠的朋友。13. 单选题Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, he box was full of crockery, much of it （ ） .问题1选项A.breakB.to breakC.breakingD.broken【答案】D【解析】句意：除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外, 货箱内装满陶器, 而且大部分都已破碎。分词作状语, 花瓶应该是被打碎的, 所以用broken。14. 单选题“That English fellows songs are very portic.” “（ ） the words to the songs, but he also composes the music.”问题1选项A.He also writeB.Although he writesC.Not only does he writeD.It is not all that he writes【答案】C【解析】not only.but also.为固定搭配。句意：他不仅自己作词, 还自己作曲。15. 单选题George Washington （ ） .问题1选项A.always will and always has been an American heroB.always has and always will an American heroC.always has and always will be an American heroD.always has been and always will be an American hero【答案】D【解析】考查现在完成时态和一般将来时态的用法。在现在完成时态中，如果谓语中有名词短语时，此时要借助been来一起组成其谓语成分，即have/has been +名词短语；在一般将来时态中，如果谓语动词中有名词短语，此时要借助be来一起组成其谓语成分，即be +名词短语。所以选项D正确。句意：George Washington 一直都是一位美国英雄，并将永远是。16. 单选题Many people take for granted that all art should be beautiful. We may as well face the question squarely since it is basic to our whole attitude toward art. Why are there so many “ugly” works of art? There are several possible answers. We might reply that “beauty is in the eye of the beholder”. In other words, beauty subjective, and your personal taste leads you to reject things that might be beautiful to others. Both “beautiful” and “ugly” imply aesthetic value judgments.This possibility depends on the assumption that the artists proper aim is the creation of beauty. But there is another possibility. Perhaps the works are successes by artists who were sincerely aiming at something other than conventional, physical beauty. Would an artist intentionally make something ugly? And what, actually,do we mean by the words “ugly” and “beautiful”?Over the centuries numerous writers have grappled with the concept of beauty and tried to understand it. One of the most entertaining was the 18th-century British statesman Edmund Burke, who wrote an essay called “The Sublime and the Beautiful”. In the essay Burke defined beauty as a positive and striking quality that produces pleasure by being small, smooth, gradually or gently varied, delicate, softly and variable colored. It is submissive and may arouse love. Beauty is not related to proportion, said Burke, not to functional fitness, nor even to perfection. All these things are found apart from beauty.The sublime, by contrast, is vast even to infinity, difficult, magnificent, dark and rugged. According to Burke, it will “fill the mind with that sort of delightful horror, which is the most genuine effect and earliest test of the sublime”. A thing may be ugly and yet sublime if it is “united with such qualities as excite a strong terror”. Burke made it clear that greatness lies on the side of sublime, not of the beautiful.This is quite a useful idea. Lets keep it in mind while we look at Ivan Albrights painting Ida. Albrights work is not smooth, delicate, or soft, and it is not likely to arouse love. For most people, though, it would evoke delightful horror. What is the artist aiming at? A common reaction is to say that the artist is showing us a person who is physically and mentallyeven spiritually-exhausted. According to this interpretation, Albright teaches us about spiritual decay. Every bulge, every wrinkle, every wart stands for a nasty blow that.1.We can see from the first two paragraphs that( ).2.Which of the following statements might Burke have agree with?3.Which of the following can be said of Albrights painting?4.It can be inferred from