2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第44期

2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Life is interesting to people who （ ）themselves to new ideas.问题1选项A.presentB.exhibitC.exposeD.explain【答案】C【解析】句意:对于让自己接触新观点的人而言，生活是有意思的。考查动词辨析。Present把交给,颁发,授予,提出,提交; exhibit展览,陈列,展示; expose使面临,使暴露,使曝光,常与to连用表示“使接触，使受到 的影响”; explain说明,解释。根据关键词new ideas(新观点)可知C符合句意。2. 翻译题Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both height and the no-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade.Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.【答案】我们发现，聪明的孩子如果接受不按能力分班的教学，很少会因此而在发展方面受到阻碍。相反，他们在知识和经验方面都有长进。我们认为把学生按照能力分班有很多弊端。这种做法没有考虑到孩子们发展差异这一事实。对聪明的孩子和不太聪明的孩子 都有不利影响。毕竟，在最好的那一档里做最差的学生也是非常令人沮丧的。此外，只根据智力水平来对人进行分类也是颇不现实的。智力水平仅仅是整体人格特征的一个方面罢了。我们关心的是让所有的学生都能充分发展各方面的能力，而不仅仅只是学术能力。我们也很看重个人品质与社交技能，而我们发现不按能力分班的教学有助于学习的各个方面。3. 单选题We should （ ）our human and material resources if we are to succeed in the joint venture.问题1选项A.pourB.plungeC.poolD.pick【答案】C【解析】句意:如果我们想要办成合资企业的话，就应该集中我们的人力和物力资源。考查动词辨析。pour使(液体)连续流出，倾倒，倒出倾泻；plunge 使陷入，使投入，使插入；pool 共用，聚拢（资金、知识、设备等）；pick 拾取，精选，采摘。因此C符合句意。4. 单选题Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from （ ）on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.问题1选项A.contaminationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.configuration【答案】B【解析】句意:最近科学杂志上的一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化合物主要来自于地球上的组成物质，而非是火星上的细菌。考查形近词辨析。Contamination污染,污染物; constitution宪法,章程,构造,组成物质; condemnation谴责,指责; configuration结构,构造,格局。rather than连接空格跟“bacteria on Mars (火星上的细菌)”,因此空格处应该是 “组成物质”。5. 单选题This hotel （ ）$50 for a single room with bath.问题1选项A.claimsB.chargesC.demandsD.prices【答案】B【解析】意:这家酒店带浴室的单间要价50美元。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Claim要求,请求,主张; charge 要价,向前冲; demand要求,查询,需要; price给定价,估价。B符合句意。6. 单选题The Constitution （ ）the Presidents term of office to four years.问题1选项A.limitsB.refrainsC.confinesD.restricts【答案】A【解析】句意:宪法规定总统的任期为4年。考查近义词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Limit 限制，限定（一般指事先确定空间、时间或数量的极限）; refrain克制，避免,不及物动词,后面跟介词from; confine限制，禁闭（侧重施加不可逾越的限制，有时暗示束缚、囚禁）; restrict限制，约束（指把某人或物限制在一定范围之内）。此处侧重指时间上的限制,故选A。7. 单选题Mary became （ ）homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.问题1选项A.completelyB.sincerelyC.absolutelyD.increasingly【答案】D【解析】句意:玛丽越来越想家，对美国越来越不满，因此她离开了位于布卢姆菲尔德西部的家,逃往了奥地利的故乡。考查副词辨析。Completely完全地,彻底地; sincerely真诚地,由衷地; absolutely绝对地,完全地; increasingly越来越多地。因此D符合句意。8. 单选题The （ ）of the lake is covered with reeds and rushes.问题1选项A.beachB.shoreC.coastD.bank【答案】B【解析】句意:湖岸上覆盖着芦苇与杂草。考查近义词辨析。Beach 海岸 (主要指接近海水较为平坦的地方，其上往往覆盖有沙子或碎石); shore水与陆地交界的“岸”（如：海 岸、湖岸、河岸等）; coast海岸,海岸线（通常只能指“海岸”，不 指湖岸或河岸）; bank大多指江河之岸,特别是高处水平以上的岸或堤岸。根据题干中的reeds and rushes(芦苇和杂草)可知B项正确。9. 单选题He quickly （ ）a large fortune.问题1选项A.accumulatedB.compiledC.accompaniedD.accommodated【答案】A【解析】句意:他很快积累了一大笔财富。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Accumulate积累,増加,聚集; compile 编写(书、列表、报告等),编纂,编译; accompany陪伴,伴随发生; accommodate提供住宿,使适应。因此A符合句意。10. 单选题It is impossible to reverse knowledge, but it is societys prerogative to state which pieces of knowledge should remain unused. “Can do” never implies “must do”. It is rightly illegal to clone a human being in the UK, but it would not be beyond human perversity for someone to try to do it elsewhere in the world. One UK doctor, who has publicly condemned the very ideas, claims to have had people offering themselves for cloning or asking to have it done to loved ones. It would appear that some are attracted by the idea, but maybe they have not fully understood the implications. Even supposing someone would be stupid enough to try, there are many serious obstacles to be overcome. There is firstly the risk of imprisonment. A scientist would take the risk of ostracism from a disapproving medical and scientific establishment, and know that a journal would possibly refuse to publish any paper on the subject. Then, he or she would have to persuade or induce dozens of people to take part in prolonged illegal experiments. It would need donors, egg cell recipients and surrogate mothers in fairly large numbers, to take part in experiments. Abnormally large progeny have resulted in animal cloning done to date, which suggests that there are serious risks to the health of the mother and potential embryo.In order to prevent the genie from coming out of the bottle, there should be immediate moves to set up, if possible, an international binding treaty to ban experiments regarding human cloning worldwide.1.This short article is mainly about （ ）.2.Why does putting “clone man to practice face so many obstacles?3.In order to prevent the genie from coming out of the bottle, we should do all the following except that（ ）.4.All the following are the obstacles that a doctor can meet when trying to clone a human being except（ ）.问题1选项A.the fact that it is illegal to clone human beingsB.what you should do with a Genie out of a bottle and why you do soC.how a scientist could do this kind of experiments successfully though it is illegalD.the problems that “cloning humans” could bring问题2选项A.Everybody opposes it.B.The technique is not mature.C.It is against the humans ethicD.Both B and C问题3选项A.we should really know the implications carried by the idea of cloning a human beingB.we shouldnt let our bodies be used for the illegal experiments done by some ambitious scientists.C.we should do our best to appeal to stopping all the “clone” experiments whether its on humans or on other speciesD.we should make our best efforts to put a worldwide ban on the experiments on humans问题4选项A.serious risks to the health of the surrogate motherB.the risk of imprisonmentC.the risk of being executedD.the risk of resistance from medical establishments【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段指出:在英国，克隆人被公正地规定为非法,但仍有很多科学家们愿冒着风险去尝试。如果真的开始克隆人的实验，那么实验人员也会面临很多的阻碍，带来很多严重的危害。而最后一段又强调:为了阻止这一违法的罪恶行为出现，必须立即采取相关的限制措施。因此此文章主要是关于 “克隆人是一种违法行为的事实”。2.细节事实题。第一段指出: It is rightly illegal to clone a human being in the UK, but it would not be beyond human perversity for someone to try to do it elsewhere in the world (在英国，克隆人被公正地规定为非法。但不能排除在世界某个地方有某个违背常情的人试图那样做)。故选C“违背人类道德”。3.判断推理题。题干问的是哪一个不是阻止魔鬼逃出玻璃瓶（即违法行为出现）的方法。A:我们应该充分认识到克隆人的想法意味着什么,第一段指出: It would appear that some are attracted by the idea, but maybe they have not fully understood the implications (这一观点对部分人似乎很有吸引力，这也许是因为他们没有充分认识到克隆人意味着什么),由此可知A符合原文;B: 我们不能让自己的身体被那些野心勃勃的科学家用来 做实验,根据第一段倒数第二句“It would need donors, egg cell recipients and surrogate mothers in fairly large numbers, to take part in Experiments (这将需要有大量的捐赠者、卵细胞接受者和代孕妈妈参与到实验中)”可以推断B也是可以阻止魔鬼逃出玻璃瓶（即违法行为出现）的方法;C: 我们应该尽一切努力呼吁停止一切克隆实验，无论 是克隆人类还是克隆动物,文章中并未提及对动物的克隆实验进行限制。D: 我们应该尽一切努力 在全世界范围内限制克隆人的实验,根据最后一段“In order to prevent the genie from coming out of the bottle, there should be immediate moves to set up, if possible, an international binding treaty to ban experiments regarding human cloning worldwide (为了阻止魔鬼，逃出玻璃瓶（即 违法行为出现），必须立即采取相关的措施，如果可以的话，制定在世界范围内 与克隆人类相关的具有国际约束力的条约)”可知D也是方法之一。故选C。4.细节事实题。题干问的是以下哪个选项不属于克隆人的实验面临的阻碍。A: 对代孕妈妈的健康存在巨大威胁,根据第一段最后一句话“Abnormally large progeny have resulted in animal cloning done to date, which suggests that there are serious risks to the health of the mother and potential embryo (迄今为止，很多克隆得来的动物们都显得不正常，这意味着克隆对于代孕妈妈和潜在的胚胎都存在这巨大的健康威胁)”可知A属于面临的阻碍;B:监禁的风险,根据第一段中的“There is firstly the risk of imprisonment (首先是面临监禁的风险)”可知B也属于面临的阻碍。C: 面临被处决的风险,文章并未提及。D:被医疗机构排斥的风险,根据第一段中的“A scientist would take the risk of ostracism from a disapproving medical and scientific establishment (科学家可能会面临被医疗和科研机构排斥的风险)”可知D也属于面临的阻碍。因此本题选C。11. 翻译题Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life a simplistic notion at best But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.【答案】当前，人类文明对全球环境造成的威胁的战略实质和全球环境的变化对人类文明造成的威胁的战略实质向我们提出了一系列相似的挑战，同时也使我们产生了一些自欺欺 人的期望。有人认为有了某种崭新的终极技术,无论是核能还是基因工程,就可以解决这个问题。还有人则认为只有大力减少我们对技术的依赖才能改善人类的生存环境这种看法充其量是一种简化的看法。然而，真正的解决办法将在彻底改变和最终修复文明与地球间的关系中被找到。要完成这一点，只有通过重新仔细估量导致这种关系在较近时期内发生的剧烈变化的所有各种因素才行。改变我们与地球的关系的途径当然会涉及到新技术的发明和应用，但是关键的改变将与思考这种关系本身的新方式有关。12. 单选题She blushed（ ）the mention her （ ）fiances name.问题1选项A.of, atB.on, byC.at, ofD.by, on【答案】C【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就脸红。考查固定搭配。at the mention of 提到时,一提起。13. 单选题Although American institutions have an unquestionable prestige in the （ ）academic marketplace, their history was not comparable with that of the British ones.问题1选项A.curricularB.contemporaryC.communicativeD.conceptual【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管美国的院校在当代学术论坛上有无可置疑的声望，但是它们的历史却比不上英国院校的历史。考查形容词辨析。Curricular课程的; contemporary属同时期的,同一时代的,当代的; communicative乐意沟通的,语言交际能力的; conceptual概念(上)的,观念(上)的。因此B符合句意。14. 单选题All of those present at the meeting considered the combination of theory with practice as （ ）great importance.问题1选项A.forB.veryC.toD.of【答案】D【解析】句意:出席会议的那些人都认为理论与实践相结合非常重要。考查固定搭配。be of +名词=be +名词同源的形容词形式。因此Be of importance=be important。15. 单选题Before the Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to John Steinbeck in 1962, only five Americans had been previously thus honored, the most recent being Ernest Hemingway in 1954 and William Faulkner in 1949. Steinbeck had been considered on those occasions and also in 1945. As the honor is by far the greatest any writer can receive, Steinbeck was elated. The feeling of elation was tempered slightly, however, by the observation expressed by Steinbeck in 1956，that recipients of the Nobel Prize seldom write anything of value afterwards. He cited Hemingway and Faulkner as examples, minimizing the point that by the time of their selection most writers had already written their best work. At the age of sixty, when he received the awards himself, Steinbeck wrote to a friend that he would not have accepted the award had he not believed that he would continue to write well, that he 4*could beat the rap Like his contemporaries, and others as well, however, he did not.There was no expectation or need that the writer does so, for Steinbeck had long before made his mark in modern American literature.1.In what year was Steinbeck sixty years old?2.According to the passage, Steinbeck wrote his best work （ ）.3.Before 1949, how many Americans had received the Nobel Prize for literature?4.In the second paragraph, the phrase does so” refers to（ ）.5.What is the authors attitude toward John Steinbeck?问题1选项A.1949B.1954C.1956D.1962问题2选项A.in an expressive styleB.before receiving the Nobel PrizeC.while he was feeling elatedD.guided by his contemporaries问题3选项A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five问题4选项A.feel elated at receiving the Nobel PrizeB.accept the Nobel Prize if nominatedC.write well after receiving the Nobel PrizeD.honor Nobel Prize winners of the past问题5选项A.Steinbeck was an exceptionally different authorB.Steinbeck should have received the Nobel Prize earlierC.Steinbeck wrote equally well throughout his lifeD.Steinbeck earned his reputation well before 1962【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: Before the Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to John Steinbeck in 1962 (在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予John Steinbeck（约翰斯坦贝克）之前),以及后面说到: At the age of sixty, when he received the awards himself (60 岁时，在他 （约翰斯坦贝克）自己得到该奖项（即诺贝尔文学奖）后),由此可知D项 “1962年”正确。2.判断推理题。最后一段指出: There was no expectation or need that the writer does so,for Steinbeck had long before made his mark in modern American literature (不期望或不需要)约翰斯坦贝克在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品，因为他在很早以前己经在现代美国文学上成名了。由此可知B项“在获得诺贝尔奖之前”正确。3.判断推理题。第一段指出: Before the Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to John Steinbeck in 1962，only five Americans had been previously thus honored, the most recent being Ernest Hemingway in 1954 and William Faulkner in 1949 (在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予John Steinbeck（约翰斯坦贝克）之前，只有五位美国人先前受到过如此殊荣，这五位在时间上最近的是1954年的欧内斯特海明威（美国作家）和1949年的威廉福克纳（美国小说家）),由此可知1949年以前获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人有三位。4.判断推理题。does so” 出现在第二段,其所在句是顺承前面的句子: Steinbeck wrote to a friend that he would not have accepted the award had he not believed that he would continue to write well, that he “could beat the rap” (约翰斯坦贝克给一位朋友写信称，如果他不相信自己将继续写出好作品和能免受指责（诺贝尔奖得主在得奖后很少写出有价值的任何东西）的话，那么他将不会接受诺贝尔奖),由此可知C项 “获得诺贝尔奖后写出好作品”正确。5.观点态度题。最后一段指出: There was no expectation or need that the writer does so for Steinbeck had long before made his mark in modern American literature (不期望或不需要这位作者（即约翰斯坦贝克）在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品， 因为约翰斯坦贝克在很早以前已经在现代美国文学上成名了)。由此可知D项 “约翰斯坦贝克在1962年前已经非常出名”正确。16. 单选题Getting up is an everyday（ ）.问题1选项A.happeningB.occurrenceC.incidentD.event【答案】B【解析】句意:起床是天天都发生的事。考查近义词辨析。Happening 事情(偶然或未能预见而发生的事);occurrence 事情，事件（可指意外或计划中的事情，也可指普通家庭中的事情）; incident 事件，事变，插曲（尤指导致纷争的冲突事端）; event 事件,大事尤指重大事件）。由关键信息“getting up”、“everyday”可知B项正确。17. 单选题The Queens visit to China was largely（ ） . But it ended an unhappy chapter in the relationship.问题1选项A.syntheticB.representativeC.internationalD.symbolic【答案】D【解析】句意:女王访问中国在很大程度上是象征性的，但它却导致双方的关系出现了不愉快的篇章。考查形容词辨析。Synthetic合成的,人造的,综合的; representative代表的,典型的; international 国际的,世界性的; symbolic象征的。But表转折,可知前后句子应该为对比或相反,因此D符合句意。18. 单选题This（ ） girl is Toms cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little AmericanB.American pretty littleC.American little prettyD.little American pretty【答案】A【解析】句意:这位漂亮的美国小女孩是Tom的表妹。语法题。考查形容词排列顺序。pretty属于“描绘性形容词”，little属于“表示大小、长短、高低的形容词”，American属于“表示国籍的形容词”。在修饰 名词时，这三类形容词的顺序为描绘性形容词、表示大小、长短、高低的形容 词、表示国籍的形容词。故A符合此顺序。19. 单选题（ ）deserves the award will certainly get it.问题1选项A.Who we thinkB.Whoever we thinkC.Whoever we think ofD.Whoever do we think【答案】B【解析】句意:我们认为,不管谁应得这个奖品,他一定会得到。语法题。考查主语从句引导词。分析题干可知空格处为主语从句, whoever引导主语从句时，其意义相当于“anyone who”，“we think”在这里充当插入语,故B正确。20. 单选题She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he （ ）.问题1选项A.caught coldB.should catch coldC.may catch coldD.would catch cold【答案】B【解析】句意:她在婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。语法题。考查虚拟语气。for fear that表示 “以防万一”,引导从句用虚拟语气: 情态动词should+动词原形(should可省略),故选B。