2022-2023年考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第16期

2022-2023年考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题With scholars from 24 countries （ ）the conference, the committee had a great deal of work to do.问题1选项A.attendB.attendedC.attendingD.to attend【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词。with+名词+分词，表示原因或者伴随条件，scholars和动词attend是主动关系，故正确答案选C。句意为：有来自24个国家的学者参加了会议，组委会有很多工作要做。2. 翻译题 30多年来，外商直接投资的引入不仅带来了资金，更带来了先进的技术设备、管理和经营理念，有力地促进了中国经济制度、技术和管理创新。正因如此，我们在今年4月公开征求意见，对“自主创新”产品的认定标准进行了调整，上述结果说明，所有外国企业都得到了一视同仁的对待，他们的产品被视为“中国制造”，和中国企业的产品适用同样的原产地规则。自从加入世界贸易组织以来，中国不断降低外资准入门槛。1997年以来，我们4次修订外商投资产业指导目录。(参考词汇：self-dependent innovative: consultation; rules of origin; entry threshold)【答案】 Over the last three decades, foreign direct investment has brought capital, advanced technologies and business know-how to China. We understand that FDI fosters innovation. That is why, in April, we held a public consultation to review the criteria we use to accredit “self-dependent innovative products”. The results emphasized that all foreign enterprises are given equal treatment and that all their products are considered to be “made in China”, while the same rules of origin are applied to them as to Chinese products. Since joining the World Trade Organization, China has continually lowered the entry threshold for foreign investment. Since 1997, we have revised the Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment Guidance four times.3. 单选题We need a chairman（ ） .问题1选项A.for whom everyone has confidenceB.in whom everyone has confidenceC.who everyone has confidence ofD.whom everyone has confidence on【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题考查的是定语从句的运用。have confidence in sb/sth对某人或某事有信心。根据句子意思排除选项A、C和D。另外，空格部分填入的定语从句中，关系代词是充当从句的宾语，所以用whom，句意为：我们需要一个人人都对他有信心的主席。所以选项B是正确答案。4. 翻译题 Companies now realize that viruses arent “urban myth”, and can be a serious impact on their operations. They invest in anti-virus software on the desktops, servers and email gateways and even put in place procedures to ensure their anti-virus is up-to-date with the very latest detection routines. Anti-virus software detects most of the viruses your users are likely to encounteroften without the user even knowing. However, anti-virus software must be updated regularly, preferably daily in any large company. Even then, a very new virus can infect your users. With the rapid transmission of files through networks and the Internet, a virus can spread a considerable distance before it can be identified and protected against.【答案】 各家公司现在意识到病毒并不是“现代神话”，而确实会严重影响到公司的运作。他们投资杀毒软件，安装在计算机、服务器以及电子邮件网关上，甚至还采取措施确保使用最 新的检查程序，随时更新杀毒软件。杀毒软件确实能检测出用户会碰到的绝大多数病毒，而且往往在用户毫无察觉时就已经处理完毕。然而，软件必须定期更新，大公司则最好是每天更新一次。即使是这样，一种非常新的病毒也还是可能感染到用户。通过网络和互联网，文件可以快速地传输，等到人们发现一种病毒并加以防范时，病毒可能已经扩散到了相当的范围。5. 单选题How parents treat their own parents usually （ ）the way they are to be treated by their children in the future.问题1选项A.decidingB.decideC.decidesD.to decide【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。缺谓语动词，主语How parents treat their own parents是从句，看作单数，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词应该用decides，句意为：父母如何对待自己的父母，通常决定了他们将来被孩子对待的方式。故答案选C。6. 翻译题 Winners have different potentials. Achievement is not the most important thing. Authenticity is. The authentic person experiences the reality of himself by knowing himself, being himself, and becoming himself. He actualized his own unprecedented uniqueness, and appreciates the uniqueness of others. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesnt pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions. While he can admire and respect other people, he is not totally defined, demolished, bound or awed by them.【答案】 成功者的潜质各不相同，成就并不是最重要的，活得真实才是。一个真实的人通过了解自我，坚持自我，使自己成为值得信赖、乐于回应的人来体验真实的自我。它实现前所未有的独特的自我，同时也尊重他人的独特之处。 成功者不惧怕独立思考，也不惧怕独立运用知识，他能够区分哪些是事实，哪些是观点，同时并不宣称洞察一切。他倾听他人的意见，琢磨他人的话语，但是自行做出结论，他可以钦羡、尊重别人，可是他绝不为他人所局限，所束缚，不会对他们敬若神灵。7. 单选题As an independent citizen, he sees no obligation to open himself to further（ ）.问题1选项A.screechB.scrutinyC.scrubD.scrap【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项screech“尖叫声”；B选项scrutiny“详细审查，监视”；C选项scrub“矮树，洗擦”；D选项scrap“碎片，残余物”。根据关键词“independent citizen独立公民”和动词“open公开，打开”，可知空格部分单词意思“审查，检查”，句意为：作为一个独立的公民，他认为没有义务进一步让自己接受审查。选项B与之意思相近。8. 单选题Not only today but throughout history the reasons for forgetting have （ ）scientists and philosophers.问题1选项A.fascinatedB.frustratedC.frightenedD.flattered【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fascinate“使着迷”；B选项frustrate“使沮丧”；C选项frighten“使惊吓”；D选项flatter“使高兴，谄媚”。根据关键词“the reasons for forgetting遗忘的原因”和“scientists and philosophers科学家和哲学家”，可知空格部分动词意思应该为“使感兴趣”，句意为：不仅在今天，而且在整个历史中，遗忘的原因一直吸引着科学家和哲学家。选项A正确。9. 单选题Before the plane（ ） , the pilot bailed out.问题1选项A.clashedB.crashedC.smashedD.struck【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项clash“冲突、撞击”；B选项crash“碰撞、坠毁”； C选项smash“粉碎、撞击”；D选项strike“罢工、撞击”，根据句中关键词“plane飞机”可联系crash“碰撞、坠毁”符合语境，句意为：飞机坠毁前，飞行员跳伞逃生。故正确答案选B。10. 翻译题 假如预期实际油价的上涨幅度将超过替代资产的回报率，生产者会把石油留在地下不 开采。因此决定当前价格的，是预期的未来价格。最重要的推动因素是新兴国家（尤其是 中国）需求的预期增长情况，以及对替代能源供应的担忧。中国经济的迅速增长及其资源 高度密集型的增长方式，是最重要的因素。【答案】 Producers will leave oil in the ground if the rise in real oil prices is expected to be faster than the return on the alternative assets. What determines the current price then is the expected future price. The most important stimulations have been the prospective growth in the demand of emerging countries, particularly China, and gloom about alternative sources of supply. Chinas rapid and highly resource-intensive growth is the most important factor.11. 单选题 Until recently, women in advertisements were one of three things an apron, a glamorous dress or a frown. Although that is now changing, many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting, “This ad degrades women.” Why does this sort of advertising exist? How can advertisers and ad agencies still produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer? The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print media) is carrying out a research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry already knows: although women are often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to complain. Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes in many TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs (笨蛋) who are unable to perform the simplest household tasks, or as inconsiderate boors, permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industrys apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context. Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London advertising agency, women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angrythey just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right. She says that it is not advertisings use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handled. “Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisements tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth commonsense advice.” In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow.1. Despite recent changes in attitudes, some advertisements still fail to（ ） .2. According to the writer, the commonest fault of present-day advertising is to（ ） .3. Emma Bennett suggests that advertisement ought to（ ） .4. Ultimately the advertising industry should（ ） .5. The author seems to suggest that in order to improve advertising the customer should （ ）.问题1选项A.change womens opinions of themselvesB.meet the needs of the advertising industryC.persuade the public to buy certain productsD.show any understanding of womens feelings问题2选项A.present a misleading image of womenB.ignore protests against advertisementsC.misrepresent the activities of menD.condemn the role of the housewife问题3选项A.use male images instead of female onesB.give further emphasis to practical adviceC.change their style rather than their contentD.pay more compliments to women than before问题4选项A.take its job more earnestlyB.do more pioneering workC.take notice of the public opinionD.concentrate on the products advertised问题5选项A.take no notice of what is reflected in adsB.remind advertisers of what have been overlookedC.take over the management of advertising agenciesD.refuse to buy products misrepresented by some ads【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“How can advertisers and ad agencies still produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industrys apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context. 但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“She says that it is not advertisings use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handled. 她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow. 消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。12. 单选题At the sight of this photograph he changed his（ ） .问题1选项A.countenanceB.counteragentC.concessionsD.counteract【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项countenance“面容，表情”；B选项counteragent“反作用剂；中和力”；C选项concessions“让步，让与”；D选项counteract“抵消”，句意为：一看到这张照片，他面色就变了。故正确答案选A。13. 翻译题 Marketing should begin with potential customer needs, not with the production process. Marketing should try to anticipate needs. Then marketing, rather than production, should determine what goods and services are to be developed, including decisions about product design and packaging; prices or fees; credit and collection policies; use of middlemen; transporting and storing policies; and after the sale, installation, warranty, and perhaps even disposal policies. This does not mean that marketing should try to take over production, accounting, and financial activities. Rather, it means that marketing, by interpreting customers needs, should provide direction for these activities and try to coordinate them.【答案】 市场营销应该以客户的潜在需求为出发点，而不是从生产的过程开始。市场营销应该尝试着预测市场需求。应该由市场营销而不是生产来决定要开发什么样的产品和服务，包括产品设计和包装的决策；价格或费用；信贷及收款政策；使用中间商；运输和存储策略；在出售，安装，保修，甚至可能是处理政策之后。然而这并不意味着市场营销应该试图接管生产、会计和财务活动。相反，这意味着，通过理解客户的需求，营销应该为这些活动提供指导并努力协调它们。14. 单选题Only by publishing at least five articles on top journals （ ）have the chance to be promoted to professors.问题1选项A.teachers canB.can teachersC.a teacher canD.can a teacher【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。句子开头是only引导的状语结构，用来修饰整个句子时，空格部分主句的谓语动词应该使用部分倒装结构。故需要将情态动词和助动词提前。句意为：只有顶级期刊上发表至少五篇论文，老师们才有机会晋升为教授。因此选项B正确。15. 单选题 Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than other of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that my help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptation, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.1. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may（ ）.2. In the first paragraph, the word “environments” could best be replaced by（ ）.3. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored（ ）.4. Which of the following is not directly mentioned?5. The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following?问题1选项A.help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things neededB.survive even in extremely severe conditionsC.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kindD.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms问题2选项A.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighborsD.enemies问题3选项A.to frightened its enemiesB.to attract its enemiesC.to adjust its body heatD.to match its environment问题4选项A.A living thing may adapt in its structure.B.An organism may adapt in its function.C.A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.D.A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.问题5选项A.A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own.B.A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.C.A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals.D.A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第一句话“Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than other of their kind. 某些动植物发展出来一些特征，帮助它们比其他同类更好的适应环境。”可以推断出本题正确答案选C。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。选项A“环境；上下文语境”；选项B“环境；周围的事物”；选项C“邻居”；选项D“敌人”。单词所在的句子是第一段第一句和最后一句。根据上题的分析，environments应该指的是周围的事物所形成的环境。故正确答案选B。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话“The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. 鹿的皮毛颜色发生变化是因为要融入环境。”这句话是对本段第一句主旨句的举例论证，由此推断，动物的皮毛颜色发生变化是为了融入环境和适应环境。选项D更符合文章意思。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第三段前面两句话“Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics 有机体有许多适应方式，它们也许在结构上，功能上和遗传方面适应”由这句话可知选项A、B和C都是动物改变自我适应环境的方式。选项D在文章中没有提到。故正确答案选D。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章最后一段“An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. 有机体可以创造自身的环境，就像恒温的哺乳动物一样，尽管天气变化，它们也能调节自己的体温。”由此可知作者引用恒温哺乳动物保持体温的行为是为了说明它们能够创造自身的环境。故正确答案选A。16. 单选题Cultural （ ）indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.问题1选项A.translationB.transitionC.transmissionD.transaction【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。本题考查词义和词形相近的单词辨析。A选项translation“翻译”， B选项transition“过渡、转变”；C选项transmission“传递、传播”；D选项transaction“交易、事务”。根据题干that引导的从句的意思“人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。”可知空格部分单词意思为“传播”，句意为：文化传播表明人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。因此正确答案选C。17. 单选题The soldiers face was badly burned in the fire outbreak of a department store and he had to have skin （ ）.问题1选项A.transverseB.transplantedC.transcendedD.transferred【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项transverse“横向的、横切的”；B选项transplant“移植；迁移”；C选项transcend“胜过、超越”；D选项transfer“使转移、调任”。句子由and连接两个简单句，前半句意思是“士兵的脸在百货公司发生的火灾中严重烧伤”，再根据have sth. done的结构，推断空格部分单词要填过去分词形式。所以由后面关键词“skin皮肤”可知空格部分单词意思为“移植”，句意为：士兵的脸在百货公司发生的火灾中严重烧伤，需要植皮。故正确答案选B。18. 单选题Most of the flights have a baggage （ ）of 44 lbs per passenger.问题1选项A.budgetB.reservationC.allowanceD.limitation【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项budget“预算”；B选项reservation“预约，预定”；C选项allowance“津贴，零用钱”；D选项limitation“限制，限度”。句意为：大多数航班乘客的行李限重44磅。limitation“限制，限度”符合题意，故答案为D。19. 单选题He came all the way to China for promoting friendship （ ）for making money.问题1选项A.other thanB.better thanC.more thanD.rather than【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词组搭配。A选项other than“除了，不同于”；B选项better than“比更好”；C选项more than“比多”；D选项rather than“而不是，宁可”。空格部分要填入一个短语连接前后短语形成对比，前面的意思是“for promoting friendship为了增进友谊”和后面“for making money为了赚钱”表示不同的目的，句意为：他一路跋涉来到中国是为了友谊而不是赚钱。故这里选项D符合题意。20. 单选题The government （ ）a mass campaign to wipe out malaria in this area.问题1选项A.initiatedB.participatedC.modifiedD.comprised【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项initiate“发起，创始”；B选项participate“参与，参加”；C选项modify“修改，修饰”；D选项comprise“包含；由组成”。根据关键词“government政府”和“campaign运动，大型活动”，“to wipe out malaria”不定式短语表示目的“消灭疟疾”，可知这里填入的动词意思应该是“发动，发起”，句意为：政府在这一地区发动了一场消灭疟疾的运动。选项A符合题意。