考研考博-考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题含答案34

考研考博-考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The speaker was very much（ ）by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.问题1选项A.jerkedB.incensedC.lacedD.limped【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意，演讲者被rude words and behavior激怒。jerked 急推，猛推；incensed 激怒；laced 系牢，系紧；limped 跛行，句意:演讲者被粗鲁的言行 （ ）。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题Some people seem to（ ）on the pressure of working under a deadline.问题1选项A.renderB.evolveC.prevailD.thrive【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。render 报答；归还；给予；evolve 演变，进化；prevail 盛行，流行；thrive 兴旺，繁荣，茁壮成长。句意: 有些人似乎在最后期限工作的压力下 。故D项符合句意。3. 翻译题For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side. Inadequacy of energy resources of the technologies for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits to human beings and hence inconvenience, and constraints on its growth. The 1970s，then, represented a turning point. Energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be believable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on a par with those of insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.The crucial question at the beginning of the 1990s is whether the trend that began in the 1970s will prove to be temporary or permanent. Is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing geopolitics bring it back? One key determinant of the answer is the staggering scale of energy demand brought forth by 100 years of population growth and industrial demand.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on todays scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly, for most countries, from deeper in the earth and from imports whose reliability and affordability cannot be guaranteed.【答案】在人类历史发展的长河中，人们主要关心的是能源有利的一面。能源资源不足，或者为开采、加工和分配这些资源所需技术的不足，会影响能源为人类带来的利益，同时意味着能源的增长遭到干扰和限制。到了 20世纪70年代，出现了一个转折点，能源多方成本所带来的威胁已同能源供应不足所产生的威胁不相上下。同时，也有人担心，依靠扩大能源资源增加供应所需付出的代价，也许大于其所带来的利益。20世纪90年代初期人们关注的焦点在于，这种始于70年代的能源发展趋势是暂时的还是长远的。廉价能源时代真的一去不返，还是通过开发新能源、应用新技术、改革地缘政治秩序等措施，有可能重登历史舞台？这个问题的一个关键因素是过去100年以来因人口空前增长带来巨大的能源需求以及工业需求。除了中东地区蕴藏着巨大的石油资源以外，地球上廉价的油气资源已经不复存在。即使偶尔找到几个大油田，同当今巨大的能源消耗相比，也是杯水车薪。对于大多数国家来说，资源越来越多地依赖于深层埋藏，越来越多地依赖进口，且不说进口油气资源的可靠性无法得到保障，其对于进口国的购买力也是一个考验。4. 单选题Before the general election many senior citizens signed the（ ）against the spreading of nuclear arms.问题1选项A.contractB.petitionC.supplicationD.potential【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。contract 合同，契约；petition 请愿书，指许多人签名的向当权者提出某种要求；supplication 祈愿，祈求，恳求；potential 潜力，潜势。句意: 好多老年人签订 反对核武器的扩散。故B项符合句意。5. 单选题There are over 6, 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said, “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. They also said, The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts. ” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33, 000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them. ”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3, 000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?1.Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（ ）2.According to the investigators,（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ）.4.The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that （ ）.问题1选项A.Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C.Those that help people use computer language.D.Those that teach computer technology.问题2选项A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent actsB.the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games make the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners问题3选项A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB.it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence问题4选项A.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeB.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC.there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.细节题。根据题干关键词educational and harmlessly entertaining定位到第一段。首段第三句 teaches geography, trains pilots 分别对应选项 B 和 A ；首段第五句 help young people to become more computer literate对应选项D，只有C项文中没有提到。2.细节题。文章第三段和第四段分别陈述了电子游戏和网络游戏所带来的负面影响。A、B、C项都是其表现，D项是前面选项的总结，即使青少年养成不良习惯。3.逻辑推理。文章通篇都在讲电子游戏和网络游戏对青少年以及社会的负面影响。4.细节题。根据题干关键词 “television advertising”定位至最后一段。举例是为了论证people are influenced by what they see（人们会受到所见内容的影响），也就是说，游戏会影响到人们的行为，暴力游戏可能让人有暴力倾向，因此C选项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:6. 写作题You are asked to write in no less than 200 words about the title of Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。【答案】Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China7. 单选题A（ ）plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.问题1选项A.deliberateB.disincentiveC.functionalD.fantastic【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。deliberate 深思熟虑的，预有准备的；disincentive 妨碍活动的；functional 功能的；fantastic 幻想的，奇异的。空格部分应与considered and accepted逻辑上对应。deliberate符合句意和逻辑。8. 单选题The military operations（ ）yesterday were targeted at the military installations.问题1选项A.propelledB.commencedC.plaguedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。空格处做的是后置定语，修饰the military operations(军事行动)，B项commenced(开始)符合句意。9. 单选题The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have （ ）supplies of petroleum.问题1选项A.sufficientB.efficientC.potentialD.proficient【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。sufficient足够的，充足的；efficient有效率，有能力的；potential潜在的，可能的；proficient熟练的，精通的。空格处应该为一个形容词修饰supplies of petroleum（石油供应），根据前面部分“The European Union countries were once worried（欧盟国家曾一度担心）”可知，此处应表示“充足的石油供应”，因此A项符合句意。句意：欧盟国家曾一度担心他们没有充足的石油供应。10. 单选题It is known to all that children in this region have strong（ ）to swimming in summerbecause of the hot weather.问题1选项A.inclinationB.exposureC.fluxD.correlation【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。inclination 倾向；exposure 暴露；flux 涨潮；熔化；correlation 相互关系，相关性。句意: 由于夏天天热，这个地区的孩子对于游泳都有强烈的 。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题The doctors（ ）was that she should go and see the specialist in this field.问题1选项A.constraintB.counselC.coherenceD.consciousness【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。constraint 约束，强制；counsel 劝告，忠告；coherence 一致；consciousness 意识，知觉。句意: 医生的（ ）就是她应该去看这个领域的专家。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题I was entrusted to（ ）to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.问题1选项A.contributeB.detractC.convertD.entail【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。contribute to a newspaper article意思是“给报纸写文章投稿”。13. 单选题The government decided to take a(n) （ ）action to strengthen the market management.问题1选项A.diverseB.durableC.epidemicD.drastic【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。diverse 多样的，变化多的；durable 持久的，耐用的；epidemic 流行的,传染的；drastic 激烈的,大刀阔斧式的。句意:政府应该采取（ ）措施加强市场管理。take a drastic action 意为“进行大刀阔斧的改革”。14. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1) Present situation about doing research online;2) Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.【答案】Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online15. 单选题The collapse of the Earths magnetic field which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The fields strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planets lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity （极）.The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the worlds largest effort at tracking the fields shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “ We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather，” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “Im personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission. No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2, 000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a cars generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.1.According to the passage, the Earths magnetic field has（ ） .2.During the transition of the Earths magnetic field （ ）.3.The author says the public has no reason to panic” because（ ） .4.The cause of the transition of the Earths magnetic field comes from（ ） .问题1选项A.misguided many a man and animalB.begun to change in the opposite directionC.caused the changes on the polaritiesD.been weakening in strength for a long time问题2选项A.the compass will become uselessB.man and animals will be confused in directionsC.the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD.the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger问题3选项A.the transition is still thousands of years from nowB.the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsC.the process of the transition will take a very long time to finishD.the new transition will come 780, 000 years from now问题4选项A.the movement deep inside the EarthB.the periodical reverses of the EarthC.the force coining from outer spaceD.the mechanical movement of the Earth【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节题。文章前两段指出地球磁场开始发生变化，后来指出正在向相反的方向发生变化。故选B。2.细节题。根据题干关键词transition 定位至第三段。由此推测B项 “人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。3.细节题。根据题干关键词public has no reason to panic定位至第五段。由此推测B项 “人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。关键词public has no reason to panic后面就讲了原因: it might take 2, 000 years to mature(可能要2000年才能成熟)。 故选C。4.细节题。根据题干关键词cause of the transition of the Earths magnetic field 定位至最后一段:changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, 即原因是地球内部深处流动着液体铁，这种机械能会产生电磁。16. 单选题After 1989, the external （ ） vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.问题1选项A.disruptionB.menaceC.liabilityD.emergence【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。disruption 中断，分裂；menace 威胁，胁迫; liability 责任，义务；emergence 出现，出来，暴露。句意: 1989年之后，外部 消失了，但对美国文明的危险依然存在。 因此B项符合句意和逻辑。17. 单选题Sometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever- increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc. , while at the same time its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls).When this happens, the average and professional investor alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100% , and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today, however, the equation is completely different despite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $40. 30 and $45. 30 per share； squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnate stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2.16 (a rise of 54% ), the cash dividend has more than doubled to $1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% ), and the total number of shares outstanding (未 偿付的；未完成的)has actually decreased from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2. 355 billion due to the companys share repurchase program.1.This passage is probably a part of （ ） .2.Theitalicizedwordstagnant，(line3，Para.1)canbebestparaphrasedas（ ） .3.Wal-Martisnowtradingatamuchlowerpricebecause4.All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT（ ）.5.According to the author, one had better（ ）.问题1选项A.Find Hidden Value in the MarketB.Become RicherC.Get Good BargainsD.Identify Good companies问题2选项A.prominentB.terribleC.unchangedD.progressing问题3选项A.ithasstoredalargequantityofgoodsB.ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerfulC.ithasbeeneagertocollectmoneytopreventbankruptcyD.itisagoodwaytocompetewithotherretailingcompanies问题4选项A.the cash dividend has increasedB.the earning power has become strongerC.both business have continued to growD.the stock price has greatly decreased问题5选项A.buy more shares when the stock price falls downB.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC.do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls downD.invest in the business when its stock price falls down【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。文章通篇用Wal-Mart, Home Depot和Coca-Cola的实例引导我们发现市场的潜在价值，4个选项只有A最符合文章大意。2.语义题。文章首段表明a business will continue to grow(商业在持续发展)，后面一个while表转折，stagnant 后面为or even falls（甚至下降），由此推测stagnant 意为 “停滞不前”。3.细节归纳题。Wal-Mart的实例在文章第三段被论述, 题干说trading at a much lower price(以低很多的价格交易),对应第三段中的trading at half its former price(以之前的半价交易)because each share.bigger infrastructure原文because后表明原因,总结起来就是ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerful(经济上更强大)。4.细节判断题。对于Wal-Mart, the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe(股价下降30%)，对于Coca-Cola, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $ 36. 10 and $ 54. 30 per share(在1996年股价是$ 36. 10 和 $ 54. 30 每股)，对比现在Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share(去年，股价为$40. 30和$ 45)，没有巨大的跌幅。5.细节判断题。原文提到Wal-Mart和Coca-Cola企业股价下跌但分红增长，所以股价下跌时，应评估企业的经济状况。18. 单选题An archaeologist has to pay much attention to（ ）details of an unearthed object.问题1选项A.miserableB.minusC.minuteD.moist【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。C项minute （极小的，微小的）与句中details(细节)搭配合理。19. 单选题We cannot be（ ）with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.问题1选项A.PeckedB.reconciledC.perturbedD.presumed【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。peck 啄食；perturb 感到不安；presumed 推定。Be reconcile with为固定搭配，表示与和解。20. 单选题The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get（ ）quickly.问题1选项A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。decomposed 已分解的，已腐烂的；denounced 公开指责的，公然抨击的；detached 分开的，分离的；deduced 推论的，演绎的。根据句中bad and damp weather(恶劣潮湿的天气),the plants与decomposed搭配合理表示“湿热天气使植物很快腐烂”。