考研考博-考博英语-四川农业大学模拟考试题含答案2

考研考博-考博英语-四川农业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题When astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time, on July 20, 1969, it represented one of the most inspiring achievements in mans history to millions of people throughout the world. But to a small organization called the International Flat Earth Research Society, it was nothing more than a piece of cleverly stage managed science-fiction trickery.And Armstrongs historic words when stepping down from the Eagle module (宇宙飞船船舱) onto the dusty lunar surface about 240,000 miles from earth“one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind”was a phrase that could have come only from the pen of a scriptwriter.As for the pictures reputedly (一般被认为地) taken in space showing the earth to be a rotating sphere, well, they were just too ludicrous (可笑的) for words. The sun, say the Flat Earthier, circuits the earth instead of the earth revolving around the suna notion that most people take for granted.The society, whose membership is currently estimated to be about 1,400, dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense and is convinced that the entire human race is being subjected to the greatest hoax (骗局) in history.From its headquarters in Lancaster, California, the society wages a war of words through newsletters and pamphlets against the evils of science.The society was founded about 1800 in Great Britain and the United States and, says its American president Charles Johnson, was descended from the Zetetic society, which took its name from an ancient Greek philosophical school of skeptics. It survived under this name until 1956, when its general secretary, Samuel Shelton, of Kent, England, changed the name to the present title.The societys belief is this: that the earth is flat, with the land masses grouped around the central point of the North Pole.The Antarctic region is not the compact island mass it is commonly believed to be but an impenetrable ice-cold girdle (环形物) around the earth. The Flat Earthier argue that transantarctic expeditions have never happened. Explorers, misled by instrument faults, merely traveled an icy are within the girdle.1. To the International Flat Earth Research Society, mans first landing on the moon was _.2. Which of the following is NOT true about the society?3. According to the societys belief, _.4. Which of the following is an appropriate title for the passage?5. This piece is written _.问题1选项A.one of the most inspiring events in mans historyB.only a well-conducted experimentC.just a smartly-performed trickD.a science-fiction piece produced by a certain scriptwriter问题2选项A.It now has about 1,400 members.B.Its headquarters are in both Great Britain and the United States.C.After its foundation in 1800, it was called the Zetetic Society.D.In 1956, Samuel Shelton changed its name to the present title.问题3选项A.the earth is flat and the Arctic is an impenetrable ice-cold girdle around the earthB.the Antarctic region is a compact island massC.some explorers had made successful transantarctic expeditionsD.much of the accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth is sheer nonsense问题4选项A.The International Flat Earth Research SocietyB.Mans First Landing on the MoonC.The Zetetic SocietyD.The Evils of Science问题5选项A.in a matter-of-fact wayB.in a sarcastic toneC.with a touch of ironyD.as a joke【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句But to a small organization called the International Flat Earth Research Society, it was nothing more than a piece of cleverly stage managed science-fiction trickery.（但是对一个叫做国际扁平地球研究协会的小组织来说，这只不过是一个巧妙的舞台管理的科幻把戏。），说明国际扁平地球研究协会认为人类首次登月是一个巧妙的把戏。因此C选项“只是一个聪明的把戏”正确。A选项“是人类历史上最鼓舞人心的事件之一”，B选项“只是一个精心设计的实验”，D选项“某位编剧制作的科幻作品”均不符合原文，所以A, B, D错误。2.客观细节题。A选项“它现在有大约1400名成员”，由原文The society, whose membership is currently estimated to be about 1,400（该学会目前的会员人数估计约有1400人）可知，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“在1800年成立后，它被称为探究协会”，由原文The society was founded about 1800was descended from the Zetetic societyIt survived under this name（该协会于1800年左右在英国和美国建立是探究派的后裔它一直沿用这个名字）可知，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“1956年，塞缪尔谢尔顿将其名称改为现在的名称”，由原文until 1956, when its general secretary, Samuel Shelton, of Kent, England, changed the name to the present title.（直到1956年，它的秘书长，来自英国肯特郡的塞缪尔谢尔顿，把这个名字改为现在的名称。）可知，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“它的总部既在英国又在美国”，由原文From its headquarters in Lancaster, California（在位于加州兰开斯特的总部）可知，它的总部在美国，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句The Flat Earthier argue that transantarctic expeditions have never happened.（扁平地球论者认为穿越南极的探险从未发生过。），说明该协会不认同地球是一个球体的观点。因此D选项“关于地球形状的许多公认的现代思维完全是无稽之谈”正确。A选项“地球是平的，北极地区是围绕地球的一个不可逾越的冰冷带”，由原文可知，他们指的是南极地区，所以A错误。B选项“南极地区是一个紧凑的岛群”，由原文可知，他们认为南极地区并不像人们通常认为的那样是一个紧凑的岛群，所以B错误。C选项“一些探险家曾成功地进行过跨南极探险”，由原文可知，他们认为穿越南极的探险从未发生过，所以C错误。4.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章首先引入了国际扁平地球研究协会这个组织，接着介绍了他们的一系列观点。因此A选项“国际扁平地球研究协会”符合文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。B选项“人类首次登月”，C选项“探究学会”只涉及到了文章的部分内容，不能概括文章主旨，所以B, C错误。D选项“科学的弊端”，这是国际扁平地球研究协会的一个观点，不符合文章主旨，所以D错误。5.观点态度题。结合全文可知，作者看似客观地陈述了该协会的观点，但文章一开始就正面阐明了登月属于鼓舞人心的科学成就，而该协会却持有相反观点，暗含了作者的讽刺之意。因此C选项“带有讽刺意味”正确。A选项“以实事求是的方式”，B选项“以讽刺的口吻”，D选项“作为一个笑话”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。2. 单选题The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a highly sophisticated technology and the rise of giant corporations. In addition, market forces have lost some of their significance as planning has become more important. The government has assumed a greatly changed role in the economy. Property relationships and decision-making power have shifted. The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.We may think of the American economy, as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporations, which can be called the “industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communications, nearly all production and distribution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of entertainment”. Outside of this industrial system fall most agricultural enterprises, some mining and trucking, professional and artistic pursuits, some retail trade, and most personal and domestic services.The classical economic laws of supply and demand still apply to some degree. But today the industrial sector is characterized far more by planning and certainty than by the free play of market forces. It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise. In large corporations with advanced technological systems and complex organizations of highly trained specialists, plans for producing any one item are made well in advance. Such plans, once made, are hard to change. Because long-term planning demands certainty, market forces are avoided by various means. For example, the corporation may achieve “vertical integration” by buying companies that supply raw materials at one end of the process and distribution outlets at the other. Corporations may agree on “just prices” for things they buy and sell. They may enter mutually advantageous long-term contracts with suppliers and customers. Moreover, in their quest for certainty they generally have the support of the state.1. The American giant corporations possess so many new characteristics that _.2. By the second paragraph, we know that _.3. From the whole passage, we can infer that American economy _.4. In the third sentence of last paragraph, the second “it” may refer to _.5. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?问题1选项A.highly educated managers are important for the corporationsB.giant corporations become decentralizedC.economic laws of the market are effective inside corporationsD.heads of the giant corporations try to control the government问题2选项A.retail trade accounts for a big part in non-industrial systemB.there are more giant corporations than agricultural enterprisesC.giant corporations control every part of American economyD.giant corporations provide most of productions and services问题3选项A.is experiencing the rise of giant corporationsB.is determined by hundreds of giant corporationsC.has failed to balance supply and demandD.becomes highly-planned one问题4选项A.classic economic law of supply and demandB.industrial sectorC.American economyD.market force问题5选项A.American economy is characterized by high technology and giant corporations.B.American economy consists of industrial systems and agricultural enterprises.C.Market economy is gradually replaced by planned economy.D.Highly trained specialists are needed.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.（对受过高等教育的专家的需求大大增加了。），说明美国巨型公司的新特点导致了对受过高等教育的专家需求增加。因此A选项“受过高等教育的管理者对公司很重要”正确。B选项“巨型企业变得分权化”，C选项“市场的经济规律在企业内部是有效的”，D选项“巨型企业的负责人试图控制政府”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句The world of the giant corporations, which can be called the “industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communications, nearly all production and distribution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of entertainment”.（巨型企业的世界，可以称为“工业系统”，包括500到600家提供“几乎所有通信，几乎所有的生产和分配电力，交通，大多数的制造业和采矿业，零售贸易的很大一部分，和大量的娱乐”的公司。），说明大部分的生产和服务是由巨型企业提供的。因此D选项“巨型企业提供了大部分的生产和服务”正确。A选项“零售业在非工业体系中占了很大比重”，由原文可知，零售贸易占了工业系统的很大一部分，所以A错误。B选项“巨型企业比农业企业多”，原文没有比较两者数量的多少，所以B错误。C选项“巨型企业控制着美国经济的各个部分”，美国经济除了巨型企业还有非工业系统部分，所以C错误。3.推理判断题。文章第一段说到美国经济的变化之一是巨型企业的崛起，接着第二段介绍了巨型企业提供的生产和服务，最后第三段说到巨型企业的计划性和确定性，可以推断出美国经济是由巨型公司决定的。因此B选项“由数以百计的巨型公司决定”正确。A选项“正经历着巨头企业的崛起”，由原文可知，巨型企业已经崛起了，所以A错误。C选项“未能平衡供应和需求”，D选项“成为高度计划化的经济”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise.（看来不可能有别的情况了。），由上下文可知，此处说的是美国经济中的计划性。因此C选项“美国经济”正确。A选项“经典的供给和需求的经济规律”，B选项“工业部门 ”，D选项“市场力量”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。5.客观细节题。A选项“美国经济的特点是高科技和巨型企业”，由原文The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a highly sophisticated technology and the rise of giant corporations.（美国经济最明显的两个变化是高度复杂技术的出现和大型企业的崛起。）可知A在文中出现，排除A。B选项“美国经济由工业体系和农业企业组成”，由原文We may think of the American economy, as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporationsOutside of this industrial system fall most agricultural enterprises（我们可以把美国经济看作是由两个完全不同的部门组成的。巨型企业的世界在这个工业系统之外的是大多数农业企业）可知B在文中出现，排除B。D选项“需要高度训练有素的专家”，由原文The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.（对受过高等教育的专家的需求大大增加了。）可知D在文中出现，排除D。C选项“市场经济逐渐被计划经济所取代”，原文只说了美国经济中存在计划性，且十分重要，没有说计划经济取代了市场经济，因此本题选C。3. 单选题The Greyhound _ outside of New York Bus Station at 6 p.m. and started for Washington D.C. at 6:20 p.m.问题1选项A.pulled upB.pulled downC.pulled outD.pulled on【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项pulled up“停下来”；B选项pulled down“推翻”；C选项pulled out“推翻”；D选项pulled on“穿”。句意：灰狗巴士下午6点在纽约公交车站外停下，6点20分开往华盛顿特区。本句表示巴士停车。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题The doctor _ me that the discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if I followed his advice.问题1选项A.assuredB.confirmedC.ensuredD.confessed【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项assured“使确信”，指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生；B选项confirmed“确认”，指以事实或以不容置疑的陈述来证实某事的正确；C选项ensured“保证”，指设法或采取措施保证某事能成功；D选项confessed“坦白”，指承认意识到自己的错误或罪行。句意：医生向我保证，如果我照他的建议去做，几天后不适就会消失。本句表示十分肯定的保证。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the bodys system for reacting to things that can harm usthe so-called fight-or-flight response. “An animal that cant detect danger cant stay alive,” says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons (神经元) deep in the brain known as the amygdale (扁桃核).LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situationI think this charging dog wants to bite meand triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three.This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know theyre afraid. That is, as LeDoux says, “If you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear.”Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry.Thats not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell. “When used properly, worry is an incredible device,” he says. After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive actionlike having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back.Hallowell insists, though, that theres a right way to worry. “Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan,” he says. Most of us have survived a recession, so were familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump.Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so its been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. Thats why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro (抗炭疽菌的药物) and buying gas masks.1. The “so-called fight-or-flight response” refers to _.2. From the studies conducted by LeDoux we learn that _.3. From the passage we know that _.4. Which of the following is the best way to deal with your worries according to Hallowell?5. In Hallowells view, peoples reaction to the terrorist threat last fall was _.问题1选项A.the biological process in which human beings sense of self-defense evolvesB.the instinctive fear human beings feel when faced with potential dangerC.the act of evaluating a dangerous situation and making a quick decisionD.the elaborate mechanism in the human brain for retrieving information问题2选项A.reactions of humans and animals to dangerous situations are often unpredictableB.memories of significant events enable people to control fear and distressC.peoples unpleasant memories are derived from their feelings of fearD.the amygdala plays a vital part in human and animal responses to potential danger问题3选项A.a little worry will do us good if handled properlyB.a little worry will enable us to survive a recessionC.fear strengthens the human desire to survive dangerD.fear helps people to anticipate certain future events问题4选项A.Ask for help from the people around you.B.Use the belt-tightening strategies for survival.C.Seek professional advice and take action.D.Understand the situation and be fully prepared.问题5选项A.ridiculousB.understandableC.over-cautiousD.sensible【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the bodys system for reacting to things that can harm usthe so-called fight-or-flight response.（从纯粹的生物学意义上讲，恐惧始于身体系统对可能伤害我们的事物做出的反应即所谓的“战斗或逃跑反应”。），说明“so-called fight-or-flight response”在文中是指“身体系统对可能伤害我们的事情做出战斗或逃跑的反应”。因此C选项“评估危险情况并做出快速抉择行为”正确。A选项“人类自我防卫感演化的生理过程”，B选项“人类面临潜在的危险时本能的恐惧”，D选项“大脑提取信息的精细机制”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives.（勒杜研究动物和人类对威胁的反应方式，以了解我们是如何形成对生活中重大事件的记忆的。），说明了勒杜研究的内容和目的，接着文章介绍了扁桃核的工作机制。因此D选项“扁桃核在人类和动物对潜在危险的反应中起着重要作用”正确。A选项“人类和动物对危险情况的反应往往是不可预测的”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“记忆使人能控制恐惧”不是勒杜的研究内容，所以B错误。C选项“不愉快的记忆来自恐惧”，由原文可知，是恐惧来自于记忆，所以C错误。3.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“worry”可以定位到文章第五段第二句When used properly, worry is an incredible device（应用得当的话焦虑是一种极好的手段），说明在应用得当的情况下，焦虑也是有好处的。因此A选项“如果处理得当，一点焦虑对我们有好处”正确。B选项“一点焦虑会使我们在经济衰退中生存下来”，由原文Most of us have survived a recession, so were familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump.（我们大多数人都经历过经济衰退，所以我们都熟悉在经济衰退中需要的勒紧裤腰带的策略。）可知，是“勒紧裤腰带”策略有助于帮助我们度过经济衰退，而不是焦虑，所以B错误。C选项“恐惧加强了人类在危险中生存的欲望”在文中没有提及，所以C错误。D选项“恐惧有助于人们预知未来的某些事件”，由原文可知，人类能回忆起过去坏事的形象、预测未来事件，但这与恐惧无关，所以D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段第二句Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan（不要光是焦虑，要了解事实，然后制定计划），说明哈洛韦尔认为处理焦虑的最好方式是千万别光是焦虑，要寻求有关事实然后做出计划。因此D选项“了解情况，做好充分准备”正确。A选项“向你周围的人寻求帮助”，B选项“使用勒紧裤腰带的生存策略”，C选项“寻求专业建议并采取行动”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so its been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. Thats why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries（不幸的是，我们中很少有人有应对恐怖主义威胁的经验，所以很难知道我们应该如何应对。这就是为什么哈洛韦尔认为，人们可以放纵一些极端的焦虑），说明哈洛韦尔认为大多数人未曾经历过恐怖威胁，所以感受到这种威胁时人们产生一些过度的焦虑是正常的。所以B选项“可以理解的”正确。A选项“荒谬的”，C选项“过于谨慎的”带有贬义色彩，不符合哈洛韦尔的意思，所以A, C错误。D选项“理智的”，哈洛韦尔把人们的反应称为“极端”反应，自然不是理智的，所以D错误。6. 单选题“Welcome to the U.S.A.! Major credit cards are accepted!”By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. “We dont have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York Citys South Street. “We just use our credit cards.”The US has long been one of the worlds most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First, there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the US dollar against major currencies. Now the US, still the worlds superpower, can also claim to be the worlds bargain basement (廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. Thats up from $74 billion the year before.True, not everyone comes just for bargains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series. But shopping the USA is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge (无节制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.The US has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the US needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the US stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $1624 a traveler versus the Americans four nights and $298.1. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her _.2. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that _.3. By saying “Nobody undersells America” (Underlined), the author means that _.4. Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?5. From the passage we can conclude that the US has come to realize _.问题1选项A.are reluctant to carry cash with t