考研考博-考博英语-四川师范大学模拟考试题含答案47

考研考博-考博英语-四川师范大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Brunners _ to become the second woman ever to hold Cabinet rank was scuttled by the overwhelmingly male parliament, apparently because of sexual politics.问题1选项A.betB.hitC.bidD.bat【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bet“打赌；与（某人）以钱打赌；（非正式）敢说”；B选项hit“打击；袭击；碰撞；偶然发现；伤的感情”；C选项bid“出价；叫牌；向表示问候；（诗、文）命令；邀请；努力争取，企图获得；告诉，吩咐”；D选项bat“用球棒击球；击球率达；轮到击球”。句意：布伦纳想成为史上第二位女性内阁成员的努力被男性占多数的议会挫败，显然是因为性政治。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题To everybodys surprise, the referee took a _ view of the foul and did not punish the player at all.问题1选项A.lenientB.divergentC.dimD.cautious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lenient“宽大的；仁慈的”；B选项divergent“相异的，分歧的；求异的，发散的；散开的”；C选项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲观的，怀疑的”；D选项cautious“谨慎的；十分小心的”。句意：令大家吃惊的是，裁判对这次犯规很宽容，根本没有处罚球员。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, and everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.1. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns _.2. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because _.3. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would _.4. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter _.5. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because _.问题1选项A.informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB.promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employmentC.divides available jobs into various typesD.informs employers of the people available for work问题2选项A.there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB.there are so many top level jobs availableC.there are so many people out of workD.the job history is considered to be a work of art问题3选项A.write an initial letter giving their life historyB.pass some exams before applying for a jobC.have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD.keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview问题4选项A.something that would distinguish one from other applicantsB.hinted information about the personality of the applicantC.ones advantages over others in applying for the jobD.an occasional trick with the aggressive approach问题5选项A.there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB.there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC.jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD.the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段最后一句“What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.（它的作用是在求职时提供帮助。）”由此可知这种新型广告主要是给那些找工作的人提供有用的信息，所以B选项“承诺给那些找工作的人提供有用的信息”说法正确。A选项“给求职者提供工作机会”；C选项“将现有的工作分为不同类型”；D选项“通知雇主可以工作的人”都与文章事实不符，因此B选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.当然，这种专门服务的增长和明显的成功反映了目前的高失业率。这也表明了简历（或工作经历）越来越重要，因为它本身就可以称得上是一种艺术形式”。由此可知对这种特殊类型的服务需求增多是因为失业人数的原因，所以C选项“有很多人失业”说法正确。A选项“艺术工作者缺少工作机会”；B选项“顶级工作数量增多”与文章事实不符；D选项“工作经历被认为是一件艺术品”文章虽然有提到，但不是这种特殊类型的服务需求增多的原因。因此C选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, and everything else could and should be saved for the interview.”（曾经有一段时间，求职者只写求职信。“请写下您的姓名、地址、年龄和是否通过了考试”，这是我离开学校时给申请第一份工作的年轻人提供的平均建议。他们解释说，这封信实际上只是开个玩笑，其他一切都可以而且应该留到面试时再写）。由此可知在过去求职者会在求职信上面写下详细信息直到他们获得面试，所以D选项“保留任何详细的信息直到他们获得面试”说法正确。A选项“写一封说明他们生活历史的信件”文章没有提到；B选项“在申请工作之前通过一些考试”文章只提到在求职信上写上自己是否通过了考试，并没有提到求职者必须通过考试，故不选；C选项“除了能读和写之外没有别的资格”说法错误，文章提到And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.在那些充分就业的日子里，这种方法是有效的。这封信证明你能写，也能去工作。你急切的表情和机智的回答将会完成面试的剩下部分。由此只会读和写并不能帮助你获得工作，面试中的表现也很重要。因此D选项正确。4.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章倒数第二段“Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach.（之后，当你申请更重要的工作时，就需要一些其他更稍微复杂些的能力。当时的建议是在信中写些能使你和其他人区别开来的东西。这可能是一种咄咄逼人的方式。）”由此可知A选项“能让你从其他申请者中脱颖而出的东西”说法正确。B选项“关于申请人性格的暗示信息”文章没有提到；C选项“在申请这项工作方面比别人有优势”为本题干扰项，文中只提到建议在简历中写一些和别人不一样的地方，可以是很多方面，而不仅仅局限于工作方面，所以本题不选C选项；D选项“用侵略性方法偶尔耍花招”，文章只提到在信中写些能使你和其他人区别开来的东西这一举措可能是一种咄咄逼人的方式，并不是建议求职者在求职过程中用侵略性方法偶尔耍花招。因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.（但是，毫无疑问，在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。）”由此可知简历变得越来越重要的原因是因为高学历申请人数量的增加，所以B选项“有学位的申请人数量有所增加”说法正确。A选项“招聘广告的数量有所增加”；C选项“现在的工作变得越来越复杂”；D选项“其他的申请工作的过程更加复杂”都与文章事实不符，因此B选项正确。4. 单选题I think we should _ the matter further before signing the contract.问题1选项A.look intoB.look uponC.look afterD.look up【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项look into“调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看”；B选项look upon“看待；视作；看作；对待”；C选项look after“照顾；照料；照看”；D选项look up“仰望；查阅；尊敬；拜访；改善”。句意：我认为在签订合同之前我们应该进一步考虑这个问题。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题The sun frizzled the grasses and blazed on the rocks of Kasauli. All was either _ or blackened by heat and glare.问题1选项A.quenchedB.breachedC.bleachedD.white【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项quenched“熄灭，淬火；解渴；结束；冷浸；平息”；B选项breach“违反，破坏；打破”；C选项bleached“漂白，晒白；（使）变成淡色；（使）失去活力；（使）失去实质内容；用漂白剂给清洗，消毒”；D选项white“使变白，把涂白”。句意：阳光使青草卷曲，在卡索利的岩石上发出耀眼的光芒。所有的东西都被热得失去活力或被强光变黑了。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always _ enough.问题1选项A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD.straight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inexplicable“费解的；无法说明的；不能解释的”；B选项healthy“健康的，健全的；有益于健康的”；C选项sound“合理的；无损的；有能力的；充足的；彻底的；熟睡的；资金充实的；严厉的；健全的”；D选项straight“直的；连续的；笔直的；正直的；整齐的；异性恋的”。句意：我们可以靠威廉去完成这个任务，因为他的决策总是合理的。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题Einsteins theory of relativity seemed _ when it was first introduced.问题1选项A.impressiveB.unaccountableC.inconsistentD.incredible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项impressive“感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的”；B选项unaccountable“无责任的；莫名其妙的；不可理解的”；C选项inconsistent“不一致的；前后矛盾的”；D选项incredible“不能相信的，难以置信的；极好的，极大的”。句意：爱因斯坦的相对论刚被提出时似乎令人难以置信。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题This article deals with the natural _ which is most interesting to everyone.问题1选项A.phenomenonB.phenomenaC.phenomenonsD.phenomenas【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项phenomenon“现象；奇迹；杰出的人才”；B选项phenomena为phenomenon的复数形式，C选项phenomenons这种复数形式基本和“现象”无关，只用于特殊的人（事物）；非凡的人；特别的事情（或事实）；D选项phenomenas这种复数形式不存在。句意：这篇文章论述了大家最感兴趣的自然现象。which后面的谓语动词是单数形式“is”，所以空格处也应填单数形式，因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so _ at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.问题1选项A.adroitB.shrewdC.considerateD.foxy【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项adroit“敏捷的，灵巧的；熟练的”；B选项shrewd“精明的；机灵的”；C选项considerate“体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的”；D选项foxy“像狐狸的；狡猾的；（女性）狐媚的；赤褐色的；（葡萄酒）有麝香味的；（纸或其他材料）有斑点的，泛黄的”。句意：本杰明富兰克林年轻时很笨拙，但后来变得善于交际，善于与人打交道，被任命为美国驻法国大使。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Englands team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to _ themselves for last years defeat.问题1选项A.reviveB.retortC.revengeD.remedy【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项revive“复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神”；B选项retort“反驳，回嘴；蒸馏；在曲颈瓶里加热；（对侮辱或伤害）进行报复”；C选项revenge“报复；替报仇；雪耻”；D选项remedy“补救，纠正，改进；治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态极佳，下周将竭尽全力为去年的失败复仇。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题In early 19th century America, mental asylums were built in rural areas to remove patients from their home environment and to provide fresh air in a bucolic setting. Patients were offered exercise, work, education, and religious instruction. The heads of these institutions, called “alienists”, did not usually dispense drugs, but stressed healthy, clean living and promoted the view that the insane were not monsters but rather “unfortunate fellow beings.” Focusing on societal causes, alienists believed mental health problems could be avoided, especially in the young: childrens brains were softer, vulnerable, and more prone to influence.After the Civil War, faith in “moral treatment” declined because the curability rate had been overestimated, the cost of facilities was high, the government curtailed funds, and the public became disillusioned with “experts” and their failed promises. Repeated failures also frustrated practitioners who responded with an increased use of physical restraint. An influx of immigrants caused overcrowding and a loss of fee-paying private patients. As the medical field was slow to become interested in the care of the mentally ill, there was a lack of trained personnel. The original, more idealistic practitioners were gone, and new managers, many of whom were political appointees, were less inspired and qualified. They became self-protective and isolated from the public, and considered “moral treatment” to be fanatical and dangerous.Between 1850 and 1880, viewpoints reverted back to pre-asylum assessments, with the added element of heredity: mental illness resulted from a weak family and vice committed by ancestors. Influenced by Social Darwinism, practitioners believed mental illness could be eliminated through eugenics, and the tendency was to classify ailments rather than investigate through observation. Drugs such as chloroform, bromides, and ether were increasingly used to subdue patients.Eventually, neurologists formed two camps: those who focused on somatic cases, and those who embraced psychological theories as medically respectable. To remove the chronically ill from overcrowded asylums and in a general effort to promote non-restraint, alternative care facilities such as the tent treatment, the free air system, and the cottage system were attempted in the latter part of the century. In spite of such reform efforts, the dominance of Social Darwinism condemned the chronically ill as genetically inferior. It was not until the final years of the century that Sigmund Freuds theories about the unconscious crept into the professional arena.1. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that an additional reason for building mental asylums in rural areas was _.2. According to the passage, one reason for the decline in use of moral treatment after the Civil War was _.3. The underline word “whom” in Paragraph 2 refers to _.4. The mention of drugs in Paragraph 3 is an example of _.5. According to the passage, one reason the cottage system developed toward the end of the century, was in attempt to _.问题1选项A.to stop patients from infecting healthy peopleB.because most people didnt want to be living near themC.because the land was cheaperD.to give patients better work opportunities问题2选项A.that the government made less money availableB.that it lost favor with the medical professionC.due to overcrowdingD.in response to it having ended问题3选项A.original more idealistic practitionersB.new managersC.political appointeesD.less inspired and qualified问题4选项A.the return to pre-asylum daysB.the influence of the developing medical professionC.an effective means of treatmentD.the alternative to psychological treatment问题5选项A.apply Freudian psychological theoriesB.provide a more secure custodial systemC.alleviate overcrowdingD.please all neurologists【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段The heads of these institutions, called “alienists”, did not usually dispense drugs, but stressed healthy, clean living and promoted the view that the insane were not monsters but rather “unfortunate fellow beings”.（这些机构的负责人被称为“精神病医生”，他们通常不分发药物，但强调健康、清洁的生活方式，并提倡这样的观点，即精神病患者不是怪物，而是“不幸的人”）可推断出精神病院建立在农村地区的一个很有可能的原因是很多人把精神病人当怪物，从而不愿意居住在他们附近，所以B选项“因为大多数人不想住在他们附近”符合题意。A选项“阻止病人感染健康的人”；C选项“因为土地更便宜”以及D选项“给病人更好的工作机会”文章没有提及，因此B选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段After the Civil War, faith in “moral treatment” declined because the curability rate had been overestimated, the cost of facilities was high, the government curtailed funds, and the public became disillusioned with “experts” and their failed promises.（内战之后，由于治愈率被高估，医疗设施的成本过高，政府削减资金，公众对“专家”和他们失败的承诺大失所望，对“道德治疗”的信心下降了），由此可知在内战后道德治疗使用减少的一个原因是政府资金不足，所以A选项“政府资金不足”符合题意。B选项“它失去了医学界的青睐”；C选项“由于过度拥挤”；D选项“对它的响应已经结束”说法错误。因此A选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“The original, more idealistic practitioners were gone, and new managers, many of whom were political appointees, were less inspired and qualified. 最初的、更理想主义的实践者消失了，新的管理者（其中许多是政治任命的）缺乏灵感和资格”，由此可知句中的whom指的就是new managers。A选项“最初的、更理想主义的实践者”；C选项“政治任命者”以及D选项“缺乏灵感和资格者”都不符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.判断推理题。文章提到“Influenced by Social Darwinism, practitioners believed mental illness could be eliminated through eugenics, and the tendency was to classify ailments rather than investigate through observation. Drugs such as chloroform, bromides, and ether were increasingly used to subdue patients.（受社会达尔文主义的影响，医生们相信精神疾病可以通过优生学消除，而且倾向于对疾病进行分类，而不是通过观察进行调查。氯仿、溴化物和乙醚等药物被越来越多地用于制服病人。）”，由此可知这些药物的使用对治疗精神疾病有效果，所以C选项“有效的治疗手段”正确。A选项“回到未进入收容所前的日子”；B选项“医疗职业发展的影响”；D选项“代替心理治疗”均不符合题意，因此C选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段“To remove the chronically ill from overcrowded asylums and in a general effort to promote non-restraint, alternative care facilities such as the tent treatment, the free air system, and the cottage system were attempted in the latter part of the century.（为了将慢性病患者从过度拥挤的收容所中移走，并在普遍努力促进不受限制的情况下，在本世纪下半叶尝试了诸如帐篷治疗、免费空气系统和农舍系统等替代护理设施。）”可知村舍制度发展到本世纪末的一个原因是为了缓解过度拥挤，所以C选项“缓解过度拥挤”符合题意。A选项“运用弗洛伊德心理学理论”与题干无关；B选项“提供一个更安全的保管系统”文章没有提到；D选项“迎合所有神经科医生”文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。12. 单选题It would be enormously convenient to have a single, generally accepted index of the economic and social welfare of the people of the United States. A glance at it would tell us how much better or worse off we had become each year, and we would judge the desirability of any proposed action by asking whether it would raise or lower this index. Some recent discussion implies that such an index could be constructed. Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production because it is not such a complete index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never intended to be, and suggesting, on the other hand, that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.The output available to satisfy our wants and needs is one important determinant of welfare. Whatever want, need, or social problem engages our attention, we ordinarily can more easily find resources to deal with it when output is large and growing than when it is not. GNP measures output fairly well, but to evaluate welfare we would need additional measures which would be far more difficult to construct. We would need an index of real costs incurred in production, because we are better off if we get the same output at less cost. Use of just man-hours for welfare evaluation would unreasonably imply that to increase total hours by raising the hours of eight women from 60 to 65 a week imposes no more burden than raising the hours of eight men from 40 to 45 a week, or even than hiring one involuntarily unemployed person for 40 hours a week. A measure of real costs of labor would also have to consider working conditions. Most of us spend almost half our waking hours on the job and our welfare is vitally affected by the circumstances in which we spend those hours.To measure welfare we would need a measure of changes in the need our output must satisfy. One aspect, population change, is now handled by converting output to a per capita basis on the assumption that, other things equal, twice as many people need twice as many goods and services to be equally well off. But an index of needs would also account for differences in the requirements for living as the population becomes more urbanized and suburbanized; for the changes in national defense requirements; and for changes in the effect of weather on our needs. The index would have to tell us the cost of meeting our needs in a base year compared with the cost of meeting them equally well under the circumstances prevailing in every other year.Measures of needs shade into measure of the human and physical environment in which we live. We all are enormously affected by the people around us. Can we go where we like without fear of attack? We are also affected by the physical environmentpurity of water and air, accessibility of park land and other conditions. To measure this requires accurate data, but such data are generally deficient. Moreover, weighting is required: to combine robberies and murders in a crime index; to combine pollution of the Potomac and pollution of Lake Erie into a water pollution index; and then to combine crime and water pollution into some general index. But there is no basis for weighting these beyond individual preference.There are further problems. To measure welfare we would need an index of the goodness of the distribution of income. There is surely consensus that given the same total income and output, a distribution with fewer families in poverty would be the better, but what is the ideal distribution? Even if we could construct indexes of output, real costs, needs, state of the environment, we could not compute a welfare index because we have no system of weights to combine them.1. The authors primary concern is to _.2. The author implies that man-hours is not an appropriate measure of real cost because it _.3. The most important reas