考研考博-考博英语-湖南大学模拟考试题含答案22

考研考博-考博英语-湖南大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题He practiced （ ）on her and managed to get $2 000.问题1选项A.linenB.deceptionC.longitudeD.paradise【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意: 他骗了她，设法骗了2000美元。linen 亚麻布;亚麻织品 。deception 欺骗，欺诈；骗术。Longitude 地理经度；经线paradise天堂。2. 翻译题Joint ventures, in a number of cases, dont work out because the “people” relationships become unglued and/or the business cant be made profitable. With this in mind,international joint ventures should be structured to anticipate the worst contingencies. If this is done even though the contingencies dont occur, you can feel that your companys interests have been protected. Here, I would add an additional observation, namely, that a joint venture that did not work out may be profitable for the partners when broken up if the right decisions were made on the purchase of real estate or the acquisition of the right equipment. These assets may well be worth more when sold than when they were purchased by the joint venture when formed. This has been particularly true in Japan. If the breakup is profitable, then youll want to make sure that you get your share of these profits.【答案】在不少情况下，合资企业之所以不成功，不是因为人际关系不和，就是 因为企业不盈利，或是两者兼而有之。出于这一考虑，国际合资企业应该建立预测突发 事件机制。即便是没有出现突发性事件，这一机制也能发挥保护企业利益的作用。在此， 我想给出另一个观察报告，即：如果能够收购面临破产的合作企业的不动产或完好的设 备，不盈利的合资企业有望扭亏为盈。收购的资产再次被抛售时，其价值将远远高于收 购时的成本。这一做法在日本很受欢迎。如果破产是为了盈利，那么破产者也会从这一 过程中获利。3. 单选题TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims families.问题1选项A.brieflyB.quicklyC.accuratelyD.earnestly【答案】B【解析】副词辨析。句意: 环球航空公司被诟病其试图掩盖真相而不是立马通知遇难者家属的行为。briefly 短暂地，简略地。quickly 迅速地，很快地。accurately 精确地，准确地。earnestly 认真地，诚挚地。promptly 迅速地。故选B。4. 单选题President Clintons decision on Apr. 8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization seemed to be a massive miscalculation. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag. The Cabinet and White House still appeared divided, and business leaders were characterized as furious over the lost opportunity. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked the courage” to reach an accord. And when Clinton later telephoned the angry Zhu to pledge a renewed effort at negotiations, the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop.In fact, Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal. A lot more horse trading is needed before a final agreement can be reached. And without the Administrations goal of a “bullet-proof agreement” that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.THE HARD PART. Many business lobbyists, while disappointed that the deal was not closed, agree that better terms can still be had. And Treasury, Secretary Robert E. Rubin, National Economic Council Director Gene B. Spelling, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley, and top trade negotiator Charlene Barshefsky all advised Clinton that while the Chinese had made a remarkable number of concessions, “were not there yet， according to senior officials.Negotiating with Zhu over the remaining issues may be the easy part. Although Clinton can signal U.S. approval for Chinas entry into the WTO himself, he needs Congress to grant Beijing permanent most-favored-nation status as part of a broad trade accord. And the temptation for meddling on Capital Hill may prove over-whelming. Zhu had barely landed before Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) declared himself skeptical that China deserved entry into the WTO. And Senator Jesse A. Helms (R-N C) and Ernest F. Hollings (D-S. C ) promised to introduce a bill requiring congressional approval of any deal.The hidden message from these three textile-state Southerners: Get more protection for the U S. clothing industry. Hoping to smooth the way, the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on cultural restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing.BIG JOB. Already, business lobbyists are blanketing Capitol Hill to presale any eventual agreement, but what theyve heard so far isnt encouraging Republicans, including Lott, say that the time just isnt right” for the deal. Translation: Were determined to make it look as if Clinton has capitulated to the Chinese and is ignoring human, religious, and labor rights violations; the theft of nuclear-weapons technology; and the sale of missile parts to Americas enemies. Beijings fierce critics within the Democratic Party, such as Senator Paul D. Wellstone of Minnesota and House Minority leader Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, wont help, either.Just how tough the lobbying job on Capitol Hill will be become clear on Apr. 20, when Rubin lectured 19chief executives on the need to discipline their Republican allies. With business and the White House still trading charges over who is responsible for the defeat of fast-track trade negotiating legislation in 1997, working together wont be easy. And Republicans-with a wink-say that theyll eventually embrace Chinas entry into the WTO as a favor to Corporate Amenity. Though not long before they torture Clinton. But Zhu is out on a limb, and if Congress overdoes the criticism, he may be forced by domestic critics to renege. Business must make this much dear to both its GOP allies and the White House: This historic deal is too important to risk losing to any more partisan squabbling.1.The main idea of this passage is（ ） .2.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ）.3.What does the sentence Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, Detroit convey?4.Who plays the leading part in the deal in America?5.What was the attitude of the Republican Party toward Chinas entry into the WTO?A. Contradictory B. Appreciative C. Disapproving. D. Detestful.问题1选项A.The Contradiction between the Democratic Party and the Republican PartyB.On Chinas entry into WTOC.Clinton was rightD.Business Lobbyists Control Capitol Hill问题2选项A.America will make concessionsB.America will hold out for a better WTOC.Clinton has the right to signal U. S. approval for Chinas entryD.Democratic party approve Chinas entry into the WTO问题3选项A.Premier Zhu rejected their requirements.B.The three places overdid criticism.C.They wanted more protection.D.They are in trouble.问题4选项A.White HouseB.RepublicansC.The Democratic PartyD.Businessmen.问题5选项A.ContradictoryB.AppreciativeC.Disapproving.D.Detestful.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章的主旨句为: Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal (克林顿故意拖延以谋取更多的利益的决定是正确的)。2.推断题。题干问的是从文章中推断出什么。选项C:克林顿有签署批准中国入世之权。D：民主党赞成中国加入世贸，这两项都是事实, 因此排除。选项B:美国会故意拖延以求取得更好的条件。根据文章推断这可能性小。推断选项A (美国将会作出让步)正确。3.推断题。根据题干定位至第五段，题干句子后一句: Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on cultural restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing (朱镕基拒绝开放利润丰厚的中国证券市场，坚持对美国电影和音乐实行“文化”限制。他还阻止了美国汽车制造商提供车队融资)。因此A项(朱总理拒绝了他们的要求)正确。4.细节题。通过文章内容推断商界在美国的交易中起主导作用。5.态度方向。共和党一开始是反对的。第六段说时间不对。最后一段共和党一下子有所改变，他们最终将会接受中国加入世贸组织以表示对整体美国的好感。不管是商人院外活动集团的作用，还是明确指出重开谈判的重要性。这一历史事件太重要绝不能因党争而失去机会。共和党纵然心中不愿，也不得不接受现实。心情是矛盾的。由此得出选择A:矛盾。5. 单选题（ ）It was after the failure of this attempt that he to force.问题1选项A.resolvedB.recurredC.exertedD.resorted【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意: 自那次试验失败后，他诉诸武力。resolve:决心，分解;recur:复发，重视，再发生;exert: 运用，发挥。resort:求助，诉诸。此句是个强调句型，强调是状语。Resort to诉诸,求助于。故D项符合句意。6. 单选题Womens minds work differently from mens. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is What?*, and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word handing, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the betterconnections.But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at language subjects and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shant know for a while, partly because we dont know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.1.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?2.According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by factors（ ）.3.These differences in paragraph 5 refer to those in（ ） .4.At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on（ ） .5.What is the main purpose of the passage?问题1选项A.Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B.Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C.Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D.The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.问题2选项A.biologicalB.psychologicalC.physicalD.social问题3选项A.skills of men and womenB.school subjects C.the brain structure of men and womenD.activities carried out by the brain问题4选项A.the brain structure as a wholeB.the functioning of part of the brainC.the distinction between the sexesD.the effects of the corpus callosum问题5选项A.To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B.To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C.To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D.To suggest new areas in brain research.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。A: 心理学家已经放弃，而生物学家正在展开研究工作。第一段指出: Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke (心理学家把这个问题看成是挫折或笑话),原文表达的意思跟A项不一样。B: 大脑区别显示出一个性别优于另外一个性别。第一段说: But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse (他们指出尽管有区别，但并不能说明谁优谁劣), 与B项不一致。D: 两性大脑结构的区别早已为人所知。第三段: This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men.(这是第一次发现男性和女性大脑的结构差异), 因此D项排除。所以本题选C。2.细节题。第三段指出: We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences (我们倾向于认为正是社会的影响造成了这些差异), 故选D。3.细节题。第五段说: But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis (但在此基础上，要解释男女技能的实际差异并不是那么容易)。由此可见, “这些区别”指的是两性技能。4.推断题。最后一段：We shant know for a while, partly because we dont know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum (我们暂时还不知道，部分原因是我们不知道学校受试者的能力和大脑两半的功能之间有什么精确的关系，我们也不知道两半是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。)。后面: we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing. 间接地提出对于corpus callos的影响应多作研究工作。5.主旨大意题。A项(概述关于大脑结构的研究结果)比较能概括文章目的。7. 单选题This project would （ ）a huge increase in defense spending.问题1选项A.resultB.assureC.entailD.accomplish【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意: 这个项目必须要 在国防上的开支。Result导致; assure 保证, 使某人相信; entail使. 是必需的; accomplish完成, 实现 (目标)，多用于完成某项任务或目标。因此C项符合句意。8. 单选题I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open space and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the populations live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervouscooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centrer of things, and that life doesnt come to an end at half past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life” by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind they are polluted with strange ideas about changes and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by. Im keen on the idea, but you see theres my cat, Toby. Im not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those healthy males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.1.We get the impression from the first paragraph that the author（ ） .2.In the authors opinion the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT（ ） .3.The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following things in the country EXCEPT（ ） .4.According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities and live in villages?5.Do you think the author will move to the country?问题1选项A.used to live in the countryB.used to work in the cityC.works in the cityD.lives in the country问题2选项A.a strong sense of fearB.lack of communicationC.housing conditionsD.a sense of isolation问题3选项A.daily necessitiesB.fresh fruitsC.designer clothesD.fresh vegetables问题4选项A.Original.B.Quiet.C.Arrogant.D.Insensitive.问题5选项A.Yes, he will do soB.No, he will not do soC.It is difficult to tellD.He is in two minds【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节题。第一段: I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city (我是众多城市人中的一员，如果要做选择的话，我们宁愿住在远离大城市的尘土和噪音的乡村)。说明作者是在城里工作。2.细节题。定位至第二段。The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear, people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other,由此推测B项(lack of communication)是原因之一。The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks，noisy, dirty and impersonal, All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats, 由此推测C项(housing conditions)也是原因之一。Children,，cooped up at home all day，their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world，由此推测D项(a sense of isolation)也是原因之一。故选A。3.推断题。第三段指出: Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town (住在一个小村庄里，购物是一个大问题， 即使只是稍微特别的物品，人们也必须到附近大城镇去买),由此推测在乡村不 容易买到的东西应是designer clothes。4.推断题。第四段说:They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about changes and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.即他们一般还是比较敏感的.他们也把某些改变强加给当地农村居民。故选C项Arrogant（骄横的）比较合适。5.推断题。最后一段: Im keen on the idea .No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening, 作者说他一点也不确定他的猫会接受新鲜空气，在长草中锻炼, 并且在后面用猫来作了否定的答复。由此推测作者不会去农村生活。9. 单选题Agreement made by the President with other countries（ ） the approval of the senate.问题1选项A.is subjected toB.is subject toC.draws outD.substitute for【答案】A【解析】短语辨析。句意: 总统和别的国家所签订的协议要受到议会的批准。be subjected to受到.;经受.。be subject to受支配,从属于;常遭受有.倾向的。draw out取出；拟订。 substitute for代替，取代。10. 单选题The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industiy is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence，” said the UNs 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998.The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana(大麻)or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purpos