考研考博-考博英语-北京航空航天大学模拟考试题含答案19

考研考博-考博英语-北京航空航天大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The people for the experiment were chosen completely （ ） random.问题1选项A.atB.inC.byD.on【答案】A【解析】介词短语辨析。句意：用来做实验的人完全是随机挑选的。at 和random搭配意为“任意地，随便地”，因此A选项为正确答案。2. 单选题Hundreds of local residents signed a（ ）against closing the swimming-pool.问题1选项A.petitionB.perceiveC.partitionD.participation【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意：数百名当地居民签署了一份反对关闭游泳池的请愿书。因此选A。3. 单选题The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made（ ）.问题1选项A.on the locationB.on the siteC.on the spotD.on the ground【答案】C【解析】短语辨析。句意：火灾的新闻之后是一份详细的现场报告。因此选C。4. 单选题The people living in these apartments have free（ ）to that swimming pool.问题1选项A.accessB.excessC.excursionD.recreation【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意：住在这些公寓里的人可以免费去那个游泳池。have （free） access to为固定搭配，意为 “免费.”。因此A项符合句意。5. 单选题He is the author of this novel with high（ ）in the country.问题1选项A.coherenceB.prestigeC.consequenceD.commitment【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意：他是这本小说的作者，在这个国家有很高的（ ） 。coherence统一，连贯性；prestige声望，名望；consequence结果，推论，重要性；commitment承诺，委托。因此，B项符合句意。6. 单选题The town planning commission said that their financial（ ）for the next fiscalyear was optimistic; they expect increased tax revenues.问题1选项A.outlookB.oversightC.notionD.subject【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意：城市规划委员会表示，他们对下一个财政年度的财务前景持乐观态度；他们预计税收会增加。7. 单选题Trade with Britain and the West Indies allowed colonial seaports such as Boston to问题1选项A.postponeB.procureC.pursueD.prosper【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意:与英国和西印度群岛的贸易使诸如波士顿这样的殖民海港得以繁荣发展。故选D。8. 单选题In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been（ ）without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.问题1选项A.aggrandizedB.realizedC.transmittedD.manipulated【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意：在某些文化中魔术的本质是其传统的完整性；只有当它从远古时代毫发无损地 到今天的从业人员手中时它才是有效的。aggrandized 夸大；realized 实现；transmitted 传输，传送；manipulated 操作。选项C“传输，传送”符合句意，在此意为“传承”。9. 单选题The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been（ ）问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。句意：尽管人们已经 可能导致癌症的某些条件，但是仍不知道根本的原因。Identify鉴别，识别；guarantee保证，担保；notify通知，布告；convey传达，传递。所以，A项identify符合句意。10. 单选题A century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protect that company. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Nearly half of all negligence cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won.Most of the cases were decided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.Court decisions always went against railroad workers. Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchmans negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned that since Farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a “pure accident”. In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another.In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jurys decision because it argued that the railroads negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroadsagainst their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness （无情）toward individuals.1.What does the word “negligence” mean in the passage?2.Which of the following is NOT true in Farwells case?3.What must have happened after the fire case was settled in court?4.The following aroused public resentment EXCEPT（ ）.5.What does the passage mainly discuss?问题1选项A.ignoranceB.arroganceC.carelessnessD.depression问题2选项A.Farwell would not have been injured if the switchman had been more careful.B.The court argued that the victim had accepted the risk since he had willingly takenhis job.C.The court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible.D.Farwell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track.问题3选项A.The railroad compensated for the damage to the immediate buildings.B.The railroad compensated for all the damage by the fire.C.The railroad paid nothing for the damaged building.D.The railroad worker paid for the property damage himself.问题4选项A.political powerB.high faresC.economic lossD.indifference问题5选项A.Railroad oppressing individuals in the US.B.History of the US railroads.C.Railroad workers working rights.D.Law cases concerning the railroads.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据题干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchmans negligence ran his engine off the track（法威尔先生是铁路公司的一名工程师，由于一名扳道工因negligence而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手）。由此推测negligence意为疏忽，过失。ignorance无知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness 粗心，疏忽，depression 沮丧；经济大萧条。据此可知，C项正确。2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手，而非法威尔本人。D项的说法错误。3.题干问的是法院对火灾案的判决结果。第四段指出：a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider（陪审团裁决铁路公司负责全部损失，但法院推翻了陪审团的决定，认为铁路公司的疏忽只是直接导致最邻近的建筑物受到损失，因而只对此负责任，而离得较远的房屋的损失则不在赔偿范围）。因此，铁路公司只赔偿最邻近的建筑物受到的损失。4.根据题干关键词resentment定位至最后一段：Public sentiment began to turn against the railroadsagainst their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness toward individuals（公众舆论开始反对铁路公司反对他们在经济和政治上的权力、高票价以及他们对个人的冷漠无情。据此可知，C选项“经济损失”不包括在里面。5.本文主要讨论的是与铁路公司有关的法律案件。11. 单选题Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very（ ）.问题1选项A.intelligibleB.obscureC.dimD.conspicuous【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。句意：很少有人能理解他的演说，内容太 。intelligible可理解的，明白易懂的；obscure晦涩的，昏暗的；dim暗淡的，模糊的；conspicuous显著的，出众的。句子前半句说“很少有人能理解他的演说”，由此推断，B项符合句意。12. 单选题There are（ ）differences between theory and practice.问题1选项A.legibleB.ladenC.radicalD.medieval【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意:理论和实践之间有根本的区别。故选C。13. 单选题Japan is a（ ）society of one nationality and a few underrepresented minority groups，such as the ethnic Chinese and Koreans.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.simultaneousC.homogenousD.instantaneous【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意：日本是一个 （ ）单民族社会，由一个民族和一些代表性不足的像中国人和韩国人这样的少数群体组成。spontaneous自发的；simultaneous同时存在的；homogenous 同源的，纯系的；instantaneous瞬间的。C选项homogenous符合句意。14. 单选题The rain （ ）our spirits because we were planning to go for a picnic.问题1选项A.decreasedB.dampenedC.moistenedD.hampered【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意:下雨 我们的热情，因为我们本来要去野餐。Decreased 降低，减少；dampened 使.受挫；moistened 弄湿；hampered 妨碍。我们本来想去野餐，但是下雨妨碍了我们去野餐的热情。故选D。15. 单选题During recent years we have heard much about “race”： how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the （1 ）phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.We judge race usually （2 ） the coloring of the skin： a white race，a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But （3 ）you were to remove the skin you could not （4 ）anything about the race to which the individual belonged，There is （5 ） in physical struct ture, the brain or the internal organs to （6 ） a difference.There are four types of blood. （7 ） types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the（8 ） No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will （9 ） in size, but this oc- curs within every race. （10 ） does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain（11 ）examined belonged to a person of weak （12）On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had （13 ）brains.Mental tests which are reasonably （14 ） show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race.（15 ） equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, ei- ther on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race （16 ）civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people （17 ）enable them to behave in a / an （18 ） way.The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new（19 ）is better and higher than anything （20 ） the past问题1选项A.completeB.fullC.totalD.whole问题2选项A.inB.fromC.atD.on问题3选项A.sinceB.ifC.asD.while问题4选项A.speakB.talkC.tellD.mention问题5选项A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything问题6选项A.displayB.indicateC.demonstrateD.appear问题7选项A.AllB.MostC.NoD.Some问题8选项A.sameB.identicalC.similarD.alike问题9选项A.remainB.increaseC.decreaseD.vary问题10选项A.OnlyB.OrC.NorD.So问题11选项A.everB.thenC.neverD.once问题12选项A.healthB.bodyC.mindD.thought问题13选项A.bigB.smallC.minorD.major问题14选项A.trueB.exactC.certainD.accurate问题15选项A.ProvidedB.ConcerningC.GivenD.Following问题16选项A.makeB.causeC.moveD.turn问题17选项A.andB.butC.thoughD.so问题18选项A.ordinaryB.peculiarC.usualD.common问题19选项A.thatB.whatC.whicheverD.whatever问题20选项A.forB.toC.withinD.in【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:C第16题:B第17题:A第18题:B第19题:A第20题:D【解析】1.考查上下文语义。空格所在句的前一句提到certain things，因此whole（所有的；完整的）应放在空格处与之对应。2.考查固定搭配。句意：我们通常根据皮肤的颜色来 种族。judge from意为“根据作出判断”，故B项符合句意。3.考查逻辑关系词。句意：但是 去除了皮肤，你就无法辨别一个人属于哪个种族。B项if在空格处引导条件句。4.考查动词词义。句意：但是如果去除了皮肤，你就无法 一个人属于哪个种族。tell意为“辨别”，故C项为正确答案。其他三项中，A选项speak讲，谈；B选项talk说，讨论；D选项mention提到，C选项tell符合句意。5.考查上下文语义。句意：去除了皮肤就无法辨别一个人属于哪个种族，身体结构、大脑或内部器官方面也 差异。C项nothing意为“没有什么”，故C项为正确答案。6.考查动词词义。句意：身体结构、大脑或内部器官方面也没有 差异。A选项display显示，陈列；B项indicate表明；指出；C选项demonstrate证明，显示；D选项appear出现，B项indicate符合句意。7.考查上下文语义。句意：在每个种族中都可以找到 血液类型，没有哪种血型是某个种族独有的。A选项All全部的；B选项Most大部分的；C选项No没有的；D选项Some一些，所以A选项All符合句意。8.考查上下文语义。在每个种族中都可以找到所有的血液类型，没有哪种血型是某个种族独有的。因此推测空格处可能是说人脑也一样。the same意为“一样，同上”，故A项为正确答案。9.考查动词词义。句意：大脑的大小会 。A选项remain留下，保持；B选项increase增加，增大；C选项decrease 减少，减小；D选项vary变化，不同。因此D选项vary符合句意。10.nor含否定意义，放在此空格处，句意为：大脑的大小和智力没有任何关系。而且后面主谓倒置（部分倒置），故C项为正确答案。11.句意： 检测出的最大的大脑来自一个智力差的人。ever意为“曾经，以前”，在空格处表示“有史以来”，故A项为正确答案。12.考查名词词义。句意：有史以来检测出的最大的大脑来自一个 差的人。A选项health健康；B选项body身体；C选项mind智力，头脑；D选项thought思想，C选项mind符合句意。13.考查上下文语义。空格所在句的前面提到最大的大脑来自一个智力差的人，后面一句说On the other hand，因此推测后面是说：另一方面，某些最杰出人士的大脑却很小。B选项small意为“小的”，故B项为正确答案。14.考查形容词词义。句意：非常 智力测验表明种族间的智力没有差异。A选项true真实的，正确的；B选项exact准确的；C选项certain某一，已确定的；D选项accurate 精确的。D选项accurate符合句意。15.句意： 平等的教育条件，无论是哪个种族还是哪个地域的人，他们的平均排名没有差异。A选项Provided如果；B选项Concerning关于；C选项Given如果有（机会等）；D选项Following之后，因此C项符合句意。16.考查动词词义。句意：每个种族的成员都会 文明的倒退或进步。A选项make使产生，制造；B选项cause引起；C选项move移动；D选项turn使转动，因此B选项cause符合句意。17.考查逻辑关系。空格所在句的句意为：培训和教育可以改变一群人的反应， 使他们能够以一种特有的方式行事。前后两句为并列关系，故A项为正确答案。18.考查形容词词义。句意：培训和教育可以改变一群人的反应，并且使他们能够以一种 方式行事。A选项ordinary普通的；B选项peculiar异常的；特有的；C选项usual常见的；D选项common共有的，普通的，因此B选项peculiar符合句意。19.考查定语从句。句意：他们总是可以重新开始或者继续尝试比以往更好的新事物。That在空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词something，故A项为正确答案。20.考查介词。句意：继续尝试比 更好的新事物。D选项in the past意为“在过去；以往”，符合句意。16. 单选题The mayor was asked to（ ）his speech in order to allow his audience to raisequestions.问题1选项A.constrainB.conductC.condenseD.converge【答案】C【解析】句意：市长被要求（ ） 讲话，以便让他的听众提问。A选项constrain限制；B选项conduct控制，实施；C选项condense压缩，浓缩；D选项converge聚集。选项C符合句意。 17. 单选题Parents often faced the（ ）between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.问题1选项A.junctionB.paradoxC.premiseD.dilemma【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意：父母经常面临这样的 ：是做自己认为对孩子发展有利的事情还是坐视孩子毫无纪律的吵闹和破坏。junction接合点，会合点；paradox悖论，自相矛盾的人或事；premise前提，假设；dilemma困境，进退两难。空格后有“between.and.”，因此这里说的是父母在教育孩子时陷入进退两难的境况，D项dilemma符合句意。18. 单选题Some practical is （ ） desirable for candidates interested in applying for this job.问题1选项A.exploitB.adventureC.initiativeD.experience【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意：对于有兴趣申请这份工作的候选人来说，一些实用 是可取的。exploit 功绩，功勋；adventure 冒险；initiative 主动权，首创精神；experience 经验。因此，D项符合句意。19. 单选题The Supreme Court（ ）the judgment of the lower court.问题1选项A.amplifiedB.affirmedC.ascendedD.applauded【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。句意：最高法院 下级法院的判决。amplify扩大，详述；affirm断定，确认，批准，支持；ascend上升；applaud鼓掌。因此，B项符合句意。20. 单选题In general，matters which lie entirely within state borders are the（ ）concern of state gov-ernments.问题1选项A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意:般来说，国家边境问题是政府 （ ）关心的问题。extinct灭绝的；excluding除外，不包括;excessive过度的，过分的;exclusive独有的，专一的。D项exclusive独有的，专一的符合句意，在这里表示“专门的,特别的”。