考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学模拟考试题含答案22

考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at _.问题1选项A.lossB.stakeC.dangerD.threat【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项loss“损失”；B选项stake“（在公司、计划等中的）重大利害关系”，at stake“得失都可能；有风险”；C选项danger“危险”；D选项threat“威胁，恐吓；凶兆”。句意：农民比城市里的人更渴望雨水，因为他们面临着更多_。根据语境，这里指的是没有下雨的话，农民比城市里的人面临更多不确定因素，结合短语at stake“得失都可能；有风险”，B选项stake“（在公司、计划等中的）重大利害关系”符合题意。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题You had better _ teasing these newcomers, for that will hurt their feeling.问题1选项A.leave offB.leave behindC.leave outD.leave for【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项leave off“漏掉；停止”；B选项leave behind“永远离开；留下；落后”；C选项leave out“排除；不考虑”；D选项leave for“出发前往（某地）；把留给（某人）做；把留在（另一时间做）”。句意：你最好_取笑这些新来的人，那样会伤害他们的感情。根据语境，这里指的是不要取笑别人，A选项leave off“停止”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题_ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.问题1选项A.That the sun and not the earthB.Being the sun and not the earthC.It is the sun and not the earthD.The sun and not the earth【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查主语从句。句意：在中世纪，行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球，这是一个很难理解的概念。句子开头到planetary system是主语从句，意思是“行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球”，其中横线部分充当主语从句的主语。that引导的主语从句在句首时，that不能省略，A选项That the sun and not the earth符合题意，其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Whenever I hear a weather report declaring its the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I cant take it too seriously, because “ever” really means “as long as the records go hack”, which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, thoughnot for individual dates, but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (hes the creator of the “hockey stick” graph A1 Gore used in “An Inconvenient Truth” to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand yearsthat led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 wasso resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if theres any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural”, to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed, Rep. Sherwood Boehlert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive.1. What does this passage mainly deal with?2. What is “proxy measurement” in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?3. What does the report from NRC indicate?4. Which of the statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?5. What is the authors attitude towards global warming theory?问题1选项A.The threat of global warming.B.The measurement of solving global warming.C.The tendency of earths becoming hotter.D.The assessment of earths temperature.问题2选项A.Taking advantage of previous pictures.B.Using clues left from the past.C.Studying the characteristics of glaciers.D.Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.问题3选项A.The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.B.The proxy measurements are reliable.C.The earth will become warmer.D.It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Manns assertion.问题4选项A.Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.B.The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.C.The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Manns claim.D.Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.问题5选项A.Favorable.B.Neutral.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出天气预报中说气温打破最高记录，第二段提出地球变暖的观点，第三段讲述NRC得出气温达到近400年来最高，第四段讲大众和科学家对此的争论，全文都在谈论地球气温越来越高，C选项“全球变暖的趋势”正确。A选项“全球变暖的威胁”：文中没有提到。B选项“解决全球变暖的方法”和D选项“地球温度的评估”：只是文章部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。proxy measurement的意思是“替代性考核”。根据第一段第二句but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice.（但他们可以通过珊瑚的生长标记、海洋和湖泊的沉积物以及冰川核等替代性考核来推测出年平均温度。），可知这里的替代性考核采用的方法是借助地球上随时间推移遗留下来的痕迹，B选项“使用过去留下的线索”正确，A选项“利用记录以前情况的照片”，C选项“研究冰川的特征”和D选项“测量水生生物的生长迹象”只是其中一方面的具体内容，不足以概括总体方法。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第三句Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data.（他们的结论是，一千年的界定有一定道理，但数据支持不够有力。），可知NRC部分同意Michael Mann的观点，同时又有所怀疑，D选项“对迈克尔曼的主张有些怀疑”正确。A选项“地球的温度达到了史上最高”：根据第三段第四句it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnaturally warm（完全支持如今的温度不正常的观点），可知没有提到地球的温度达到了史上最高。B选项“替代性考核的方法很可靠”和C选项“地球会变暖”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive.（它不支持关于全球变暖科学的争论反对者坚持认为这一争论仍然存在。），可知这份新报告没有偏向任何一方，争论仍然存在，B选项“这场争论以全球变暖怀疑论者落败而告终”不符合文章内容，为正确答案。根据第四段第一句then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural”, to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”现在看来，这种断言也将不得不放弃。），可知对于全球变暖的这个话题的观点一直在变化，A选项“对全球变暖的不赞同态度前后矛盾”符合文章内容。根据第三段第一句The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann（这份报告是由弗吉尼亚大学的气候学家Michael Mann去年提出的关于过去气候变化的质疑引发的。），可知对Michael Mann观点的质疑促使NRC做这份报告，C选项“对Michael Mann断言的争议让NRC做这份新报告”符合文章内容。根据第二段第二句Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.（对于那些声称目前的暖期只是平均气温自然变化的一部分的人来说，这是一个打击全球变暖怀疑论者经常这样断言。），可知不赞同全球变暖的人认为地球平均气温变化是自然的，D选项“那些不赞同全球变暖的人认为变暖是一种自然现象”符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。根据第四段第一句then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural,” to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”现在看来，这种断言也将不得不放弃。），可知作者不认同地球变暖是自然现象的观点，赞同地球变暖的理论，A选项“赞同”正确；B选项“中立”，C选项“否定”和D选项“漠不关心”错误。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Yesterday was such a _ day we decided to go for a drive.问题1选项A.gloriousB.dynamicalC.avenueD.invitation【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”；B选项dynamical“有生气的”；C选项avenue“（城镇的）大街”；D选项invitation“邀请”。句意：昨天天气_，我们决定开车去玩。根据语境，这里指的是天气适宜出门玩耍，A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide _ of topics they were interested in.问题1选项A.extentB.numberC.collectionD.range【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项extent“程度；大小，面积”；B选项number“数量；号码”；C选项collection“收集物”；D选项range“类”，a wide range of“大范围的；多种多样的”。句意：双方就感兴趣的_议题交换了意见。根据语境，这里指的是双方有很多感兴趣的议题，D选项range符合题意。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题Jim knows little of mathematics, _of chemistry.问题1选项A.and still lessB.as well asC.no less thanD.and still more【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项and still less中still less“更不用说（常用于否定句后）”；B选项as well as“和一样；不但而且”；C选项no less than“不少于”；D选项and still more中still more“更加”。句意：吉姆几乎不懂数学，_化学了。根据语境，这里指的是吉姆不太懂数学，化学就更不懂了，A选项中still less“更不用说（常用于否定句后）”符合题意，and作为连词起连接作用。因此A选项正确。8. 翻译题(1) As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease. And especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有影响的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. (2) This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.(3) The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. (4) People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their bodys condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well”, in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. (5) And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.【答案】1. 正如我们所见，如今社会医疗保健的重点已从治疗疾病转向预防疾病。2. 这个人没有生病，甚至可能没有患上任何特定疾病的风险，但是我们可以想象他可以更健康。3. 传统上，医学并没有区分那些仅仅是“没有生病”的人和那些身体非常健康并且注意身体特殊需求的人。4. 健康的人注意营养和运动，他们非常重视关注自身的身体状况。5. 通过关注健康的生活方式和概念可以对人们面对日常生活挑战的方式产生积极影响。9. 单选题In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _ trouble over the figures.问题1选项A.extraB.supremeC.extensiveD.spare【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项extra“额外的，附加的”；B选项supreme“极其的”；C选项extensive“广阔的，广大的”；D选项spare“备用的；闲置的”。句意：为了让他的老板知道他是一个细心的员工，他在数字上花了_心思。根据语境，这里指的是特别花心思让老板知道他的细心，A选项extra“额外的，附加的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题The German Governments long-planned return to its historic capital is in full _ this summer, almost 10 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.问题1选项A.gearB.speedC.rateD.move【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项gear“齿轮；（特定用途的）器械”；B选项speed“（发生或进行的）速度，进度”，full speed“全速（或全力）向前”；C选项rate“速度；比率”；D选项move“行动”。句意：在柏林墙倒塌近10年后的今年夏天，德国政府计划已久的重返历史上的首都的计划_。根据语境，这里指的是全力推动计划，结合词组full speed“全速（或全力）向前”，B选项speed“（发生或进行的）速度，进度”符合题意。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the casehistory of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.1. This selection can best be titled _.2. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _.3. According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _.4. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _.5. This passage suggests that an individuals I.Q. _.问题1选项A.the Case of Peter and MarkB.How the brain influences IntelligenceC.Measuring Your IntelligenceD.Intelligence and Environment问题2选项A.environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenceB.persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligenceC.human brains differ considerablyD.the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence问题3选项A.110B.125C.85D.100问题4选项A.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceB.changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brainC.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelD.an individuals intelligence is determined only by his environment问题5选项A.can be increased by educationB.is determined by his childhoodC.can be predicted at birthD.stays the same throughout his life【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第四句But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.（但是，不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就会很低。），文章第一段提出天生的大脑和成长的环境决定智力高低，并且后天环境的影响比天生的因素更重要，随后在第二段举出彼得和马克的案例来证明天生大脑一样，后天环境对智力有很大影响，文章表达的重点在于环境对智力的影响，D选项“智力与环境”正确。A选项“彼得和马克的案例”：不足以概括全文。B选项“大脑如何影响智力”和C选项“测量你的智力”：文中没有具体提到。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.（但是，不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就会很低。），可知相比于天生的大脑，环境对个人智力影响更大，A选项“环境在决定个人智力方面至关重要”正确，B选项“有相同大脑的人有大致相同的智力”和D选项“大脑天生的因素在决定他的智力方面很重要”错误。C选项“人类的大脑差别很大”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二句Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.（马克的智商是125，比平均水平高25分，比他的同卵兄弟整整高40分。），可知平均智商是100，D选项“100”正确。A选项“110”，B选项“125”和C选项“85”错误。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。根据文章最后一句Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.（如果机会均等，拥有相同大脑的双胞胎的测试水平大致相同。），结合双胞胎因为环境不同而智力不同的案例，可知机会的多和少影响他们各自的智力，A选项“缺乏机会阻碍智力的增长”正确。B选项“环境的变化产生大脑结构的变化”：文中没有讲到环境对大脑结构的具体改变。C选项“具有相同大脑的个体很少在相同水平上测试”：文中只讲了一个案例，不足以得出此结论。D选项“一个人的智力只由他所处的环境决定”：文中还提到天生的大脑影响智力。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence.（这种环境差异一直持续到双胞胎十八九岁的时候，那时他们接受了测试，以衡量他们的智力。），这种环境差异指的是受教育的机会和程度，可知教育可以提高智力，A选项“可以通过教育提高”正确。B选项“由童年决定”：这里两个双胞胎童年的差距就是教育，A选项更符合题意，而且教育可以在除了童年以外的时期进行。C选项“可以在出生时预测”和D选项“一生保持不变”：环境中教育的因素会影响智力，所以智力会因为教育而改变。因此A选项正确。12. 翻译题(1) The developing countries of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia once merely exported raw materials and cash crops in return for manufactured goods. People in these countries provided for most of their own needs through subsistence agriculture and small-scale crafts. In time, though, people in these countries grew increasingly dependent on the global economy, because local crafts could not compete with the cheap, factory-made exports of the developed countries, such as European nations, the United States, and Japan. To decrease their dependence, many developing countries sought to strengthen their economies by building factories, modern dams, and roads during the 1960 and 1970s. Government frequently made poor financial choices. However, infrastructure projects such as dams and highways were often too massive for local needs. Choices about industry were sometimes not based on the best interests of the country, and protection from competition frequently resulted in inferior goods. (2) As result, products could not compete on the global market with the higher-quality goods from the industrialized countries. Many developing countries then had little income to pay off debts incurred (招致) during their expansion.A few developing economies succeeded in building prosperity through industrialization during the 20th century. The most notable of these were South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong S.A.R. Like Japan during the 19th century, they established tariffs and other barriers to protect local products from foreign competition and invested local wealth in industrial development. (3) Also like Japan, they focused on selling the products they manufactured to foreign consumers in order to bring wealth into the country. By the end of the 20th century some experts considered these economies to be developed, rather than developing, although many of South Koreas economic successes were reversed in the financial crisis of 1997. (4) Following a similar path, China advanced economically through a rapid expansion of manufactured exports during the late 20th century.Meanwhile, multinationals based in the economically developed world set up low-wage manufacturing facilities in some developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and in Central and South America. These factories typically generated few long-term benefits for the local economy. The profits flowed outside the country to the shareholders of the foreign multinationals. Also, the developing countries were forced to participate in a “race to the bottom” to attract multinational investment. (5) If a developing country or its people sought higher wages or enforced labor or environmental protections, multinationals often simply relocated production to a country with lower cost.【答案】1. 中南美洲、非洲和亚洲的发展中国家曾经仅仅依靠出口原材料和经济作物换取制成品。2. 因此，产品无法在全球市场上与工业化国家的高质量产品竞争。3. 也像日本一样，他们专注于向外国消费者销售他们制造的产品，来为国家带来财富。4. 20世纪末，中国通过制造业出口的快速扩张，实现了经济的快速发展。5. 如果一个发展中国家或其人民要求更高的工资、实施劳动保护或环境保护，跨国公司通常只需要将生产转移到成本更低的国家。13. 单选题The Chinese food in the United States is usually _ for American people.问题1选项A.modifiedB.cookedC.exchangedD.altered【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项modified“稍作修改，使更适合；使温和”；B选项cook