2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第110期

2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any （ ）on what he promises.问题1选项A.assuranceB.probabilityC.relianceD.conformity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。assurance “保证，担保”；probability“可能性，机率”；reliance“信赖，信心”；conformity“遵守，适合，符合”。句意：我老板已经让我失望太多次，我不会再对他的承诺抱任何希望。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication （ ）.问题1选项A.tragedyB.vacuumC.questionD.barrier【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。tragedy悲剧，灾难；vacuum真空；question问题，疑问；barrier障碍，界线。句意：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的眼神交流可能会造成沟通障碍。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.Thats especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornells School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelors degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesnt pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion（销蚀）of corporate（公司的）faith in specialized degrees, Michigan States Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isnt constrained（限制）by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Scheetz. This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts（文科）people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things, says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, Mathematics, economics, science, human behaviorplus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize，“A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz. 1.What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?2.By saying “.but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Line3, Para. 3), the author means （ ）.3.According to Scheetzs statement (Lines4-5, Para. 4), companies prefer（ ）.4.David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because（ ）.5.Which of the following statements does the author support?问题1选项A.Students with a bachelors degree in humanities.B.People with an MBA degree from top universities.C.People with formal schooling plus work experience.D.People with special training in engineering.问题2选项A.most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB.an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC.MBA programs will not be as popular in five years time as they are nowD.in five years people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got问题3选项A.people who have a strategic mindB.people who are talented in fine artsC.people who are ambitious and aggressiveD.people who have received training in mechanics问题4选项A.they are more capable of handling changing situationsB.they can stick to established ways of soiling problemsC.they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD.they have attended special programs in management问题5选项A.Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B.Formal schooling is less important than job training.C.On-the-job training is in the long run, less costly.D.Generalists will outdo specialists in management.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.”最近的一项调查显示，企业喜欢那些只需要很少的在职培训就能立即上手工作的商业和卫生保健等领域的毕业生。再根据第二段最后一句“Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.”尤其是大公司，要求有正规教育背景和工作经验。由此可知，受过正规教育加上有工作经验的人在就业市场上的需求量最大，所以选项C符合原文。第2题:判断推理题。作者在下文也就是第四段给出了解释：密歇根州立大学的Scheetz援引了企业招聘实践中的一种模式，进一步证明企业对持有专业学位人士的信心正在减弱。虽然公司倾向于聘用专业人才作为新员工，但他们往往会找寻全能人才作为中高层管理。由此可推断，作者认为“MBA学位无助于晋升到管理职位”，选项B符合原文。第3题:判断推理题。根据第四段最后一句“They want someone who isnt constrained（限制）by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture, says Scheetz.”Scheetz说：“他们想要一个不受细枝末节限制且能顾全大局的人。也就是具有战略思维的人，” 选项A正确。第4题:细节事实题。根据关键词“David Birch”定位到最后一段第四句“I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things, says Birch.”Birch说:“我只聘用文科人才，因为他们做事的方式不那么死板。”也就是说，他们有能力处理变化无常的事情，选项A正确。第5题:判断推理题。根据第四段的内容“although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.”虽然公司倾向于聘用专业人才作为新员工，但他们往往会找寻全能人才作为中高层管理。由此可知，在管理层面，全能型人才胜过专业型人才。选项D符合原文。选项A，B，C在文中均没有提及。4. 单选题The hopes, goals, fears and desires （ ）widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.问题1选项A.alterB.varyC.transferD.shift【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。alter改变，更改；vary改变，变化；transfer转移，转变；shift转移，变换。句意：希望、目标、恐惧和欲望在男人和女人之间、富人和穷人之间大不相同。这几个词都有改变的意思，但是只有vary能和后面的between搭配，意为“在.之间变化、有差异”，所以选项B正确。5. 单选题A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and （ ）increase its market power.问题1选项A.thereforeB.therebyC.henceD.further【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。therefore因此，所以；thereby从而，因此；hence因此，今后；further而且。句意：公司有时可能会亏本出售将竞争对手挤出市场，从而提高其市场权力。选项B更符合语境。6. 单选题Parks and open spaces are essential to the quality of life in dense （ ）areas such as New York City.问题1选项A.agriculturalB.ruralC.suburbanD.urban【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。agricultural农业的；rural乡村的；suburban郊区的；.urban城市的。句意：公园和空地对于像纽约这样人口密集的城市地区的生活质量来说是必不可少的。选项D符合语境。7. 单选题He is quite sure that its （ ）impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days.问题1选项A.absolutelyB.exclusivelyC.fullyD.roughly【答案】A【解析】副词辨析题。absolutely绝对地，完全地；exclusively唯一地，专有地；fully充分地，彻底地；roughly粗糙地，概略地。句意：他很确定他绝对不可能在两天内完成这个任务。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题All parts of this sewing machine are （ ）so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.问题1选项A.mechanizedB.minimizedC.modernizedD.standardized【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。mechanize意为“使机械化”；minimize意为“使最小化，使减少到最低限度”；modernize意为“使现代化”；standardize意为“使标准化，使符合标准（或规格）”。由it is very simple to get replacements（替换很简单）可推测All parts of this sewing machine（缝纫机的所有零部件）应是“标准件”，因此选D。句意：这台缝纫机的所有零件都是标准化的所以很容易就能找到它们的替换件。9. 单选题The British Library （ ）the right to a free copy of every new book published in the United Kingdom.问题1选项A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contain意为“包含，容纳”；retire意为“退休”；retain意为“保持，保留”；convey意为“传达，传递”。句意：在英国出版的每一版新书，大英博物馆都拥有免费获得一册的权利。10. 单选题The factory presents a sharp （ ）to the one I visited a few days ago.问题1选项A.comparisonB.compromiseC.differenceD.contrast【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。comparison意为“比较，对照”指相同处的比较；compromise意为“妥协”；difference意为“差异，差别”；contrast意为“对比，对照”，指不同处的比较。此处是将“the factory”与几天前参观的那个工厂“the one”进行对比，因此选D。句意：这家工厂与我几天前参观的工厂形成了鲜明的对比。11. 单选题George （ ）an agonizing 48-hour wait for the results of the tests.问题1选项A.underwentB.withstoodC.bakedD.grilled【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。underwent经验，遭遇；withstood抵挡，经得起；baked烘烤；grilled炙烤。句意：George遭受了48小时的煎熬只为等待测试结果。选项A符合语境。12. 单选题A healthy and better-educated new generation is a （ ）for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.target【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。guarantee保障，担保；security安全；demand需求；target目标。句意：身体健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有国家经济和社会可持续发展的保障。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题Operations which left patients （ ）and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.问题1选项A.exhaustedB.abandonedC.injuredD.deserted【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。exhausted精疲力尽的；abandoned被抛弃的；injured受伤的；deserted荒芜的，被遗弃的。句意：过去手术使病人精疲力尽，需要很长时间来恢复，现在手术使他们感到放松和舒适。选项A符合语境。14. 单选题He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he （ ）us that he would try as hard as possible.问题1选项A.insuredB.guaranteedC.assumedD.assured【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。insure确保，投保；guarantee保证，担保，一般指对事物的品质或人的行为作出“担保”；assume假定，设想；assure保证，担保，使确信，一般指：使人对某事感到肯定或放心。句意：被选中参加比赛让他感到很自豪，并向我们保证他会尽他最大的努力。选项D更符合语境。15. 单选题Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economics trends. It found that human-influenced climate changes was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition（营养不良）and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention”. But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed（有瑕疵的）”.However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dahl berg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.1.What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?2.What do we learn about the Forums report from the passage?3.What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forums report?4.What is Soren Andreasens view of the report?5.What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?问题1选项A.Global temperatures affect the rate of economic developmentB.Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warmingC.Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countriesD.Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters问题2选项A.It was challenged by some climate and risk expertsB.It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circlesC.It was warmly received by environmentalistsD.It cause a big stir in developing countries问题3选项A.Its statistics look embarrassingB.It is invalid in terms of methodologyC.It deserves our closest attentionD.Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated问题4选项A.Its conclusions are based on carefully collected dataB.It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examinedC.It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conferenceD.Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders问题5选项A.How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warmingB.How human and economic losses from climate change can be reducedC.How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scaleD.How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“受人类影响的环境变化导致了如营养不良及其他与高温相关的问题死亡率升高”(It found that human-influenced climate changes was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition and heat-related health problems)，选项B“由于全球变暖，死亡率上身”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“在这篇报告发表之前就已经引起了很多气象和风险专家的批判”（But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions），因此选项A“受到一些气象和风险专家的挑战”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到皮尔克博士对于报告的看法，他认为这次报告就是一个方法论的尴尬（a methodological embarrassment），随后又解释了原因，由此可知在皮尔克博士看来，这个报告在方法论上是不成立的，选项B符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到“很明显报告中的数据是粗略估计的，并且他认为这个报告是针对各国领导人提出的”（who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty），选项D“它的粗略估计是为了引起领导人的注意”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“在新闻发布会上，安南强调需要增加从富裕国家到贫穷国家的资金流动，来帮助减少气候变化给他们造成的伤害”（In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat trapping gases），选项D“富裕国家怎样更好地帮助贫穷国家减少气候带来的危害”符合题意。16. 单选题Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a （ ）as if he doesnt know what he really wants to do.问题1选项A.fantasyB.dilemmaC.contradictionD.conflict【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想，幻觉”；dilemma“困境，进退两难”； contradiction “矛盾，否认，反驳”；conflict “冲突，斗争”。句意：杰克做事不果敢，他经常进退两难，不知道做什么。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler （ ）respectable social scientists who agree with him.问题1选项A.recitesB.confirmsC.quotesD.convinces【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。recite意为“背诵，朗诵，列举”；confirm意为“确认，批准，证实”；quote意为“引述，引用”；convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”。句意：为了加强他的论点，托夫勒引用了同意他观点的受人尊敬的社会科学家的话。18. 单选题Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge （大杂烩）of environmental claims inhale by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.Among the reports more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”.The study was written and researched by Britains National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.The report focused on claims made by specific products such as detergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading. he said.The ISO labeling standards can vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO”, said page.1.According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that（ ）.2.As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers（ ）.3.A study was carried out by Britains NCC to（ ）.4.What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?5.It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to（ ）.问题1选项A.all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standardsB.consumers would believe many of the manufactures claimC.the claims made by products are often unclear or deceivingD.few products actually prove to be environment friendly问题2选项A.are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buyB.are still not willing to pay more for products with green labelingC.are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environmentD.still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment问题3选项A.examine claims made by products against ISO standardsB.inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buyC.find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standardsD.revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization问题4选项A.They are likely to lead to serious environmental problemsB.Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the falseC.They could arouse widespread anger among consumerD.Consumers will be tempted to buy products they dont need问题5选项A.warn consumers of the danger of so-called green productsB.see all household products meet environmental standardsC.make product labeling satisfy ISO requirementsD.verify the efforts of non-polluting products【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题目问的是 “NCC最不能忍受的是什么？”文章第二段提到“报道中不能让人忍受的是德国蚯蚓之友化肥，无污染面粉，还有英国的环境友好厕纸”（Among the reports more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting”），即不能忍受这些宣传，原因在第七段：近2000种产品并没有像他们标榜的那样对环境无害，很多都不符合ISO的标准（Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards），由此可知，上面的那些宣传在虚假夸大，选项C “产品的宣传经常很模糊或者带有欺骗性”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是消费者的反映。文章第四段提到“尽管现在很多产品的宣传都很美好，但是需要清楚的是消费者仍然无法知道他们买的产品对于环境的影响有多大”（While many good a