2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及模拟押密卷43（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Everyone interviewed had been （ ）to unfair treatment.问题1选项A.subjectedB.adjustedC.devotedD.entitled【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。subject “使隶属；使屈从于”；adjust “调整，使适合”；devote “致力于；奉献”；entitle “定名为；使有权利”。根据后面的unfair treatment (不公平待遇)可推测空格处应该填入一个带有贬义的词，be subject to是一个固定词组，意思是“遭受”，选项A符合题意。句意：每个被采访的人都遭遇过不公平的对待。2. 单选题Air pollution （ ）to many kinds of diseases.问题1选项A.confirmsB.communicatesC.consumesD.contributes【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。confirm“确认；确定；证实”；communicate“传达；感染；显露”；consume“消耗，消费”；contribute “贡献，捐献”。contribute to “有助于，捐献”。句意：空气污染导致各种疾病。3. 单选题10. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe（ ）Europe into a great war.问题1选项A.insertedB.pitchedC.plungedD.imposed【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。insert “插入，嵌入”后接in/ into/ between；pitch “用力扔，投，抛”；plunge“使陷入（某种状态），把抛进”，常和介词into搭配使用; impose “迫使，把强加于”，常和介词on/upon搭配使用。句意：1914年，发生在东欧一个偏僻地区的一件微不足道的小事使欧洲陷入了一场大战。根据题干介词into 可知只有C项符合。答案选C。4. 单选题For some crimes, and under certain conditions, a police officer must obtain a court order called（ ）before making an arrest.问题1选项A.warrantB.registryC.legislationD.battery【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项warrant表示“根据，证明，正当理由”；B选项registry表示“注册，登记”；C选项legislation表示“立法”；D选项battery表示“电池；（法）殴打；炮台”。由句中a court order “一种法院命令”以及关键信息before making an arrest “在实施逮捕之前”可知，这是空缺处应该是指逮捕罪犯的证明或者逮捕令。因此，本题正确答案为A项。【句意】对于某些犯罪，在一定条件下，警察在实施逮捕之前必须获得法院的命令，也就是逮捕令。5. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth the total （ ）for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】句意:通常，一个学生花在住房上的费用应控制在可支配生活费总额的五分之一以内。考查形容词辨析。acceptable 可接受的，令人满意的；available 可获得的，可购得的，有空的；advisable 明智的，可取的；applicable 适用的，可实施的。故B符合句意。6. 单选题Mr. Jones holds strong views against video games and （ ）the closing of all recreation facilities for such games.问题1选项A.assistsB.acknowledgesC.advocatesD.admits【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项assist 表示“帮助，协助”；B项acknowledge 表示“致谢，承认”；C项advocate 表示“提倡，拥护”；D项admit 表示“承认，容许”。根据句中against可知作者反对电子游戏，所以应该支持closing the recreation facilities。句意：琼斯先生强烈反对电子游戏，提倡关闭所有的电子游戏娱乐设施。故本题正确答案为C。7. 单选题Conrad Hilton really wanted to be a banker. Instead, he successfully changed the （1） purchase of a Texas low-end hotel into a multimillion-dollar hotel empire that earned him the（2） “innkeeper to the world.”Born in New Mexico in 1887, Hilton was 19 when his parents began renting out rooms in their home. The business didnt interest him,（3）, so he became a （4） legislator, founded a bank and went off to war. In 1919, after Hiltons father died, a friend suggested he （5） to Texas to make his （6） . Hilton ended up in Cisco, when his bank deal there（7） , he headed to a nearby hotel, the Mobley. It （8） to oil-field workers, so its 40 rooms turned over （9） eight hours. A week later, Hilton owned it. He soon acquired more hotelsand started to build new ones. His first, the Dallas Hilton, opened in 1925. By the late 1940s, Hiltons list included the Town House in Beverly Hills and Chicagos Palmer House, as well as（10） nightclubs（11） A-list stars. He also expanded internationally. And in 1949, he bought the “greatest of them all”: New York Citys magnificent Waldorf-Astoria. Typically American, Hiltons were（12） too: the first（13） have rooms with air-conditioning, TVs, ironing boards and sewing kits. Even modern hotel-reservations systems（14） from one Hilton which was established in 1948Today the Hilton Hotels Corp owns some 3, 300（15） in 78 countries. Last year more than a quarter-billion问题1选项A.goodB.compulsoryC.greatD.casual问题2选项A.incomeB.livingC.nicknameD.pen name问题3选项A.howeverB.thereforeC.ifD.when问题4选项A.nationalityB.stateC.raceD.ethnic问题5选项A.wentB.goC.goesD.to go问题6选项A.lifeB.achievementC.fortuneD.subsistence问题7选项A.worseB.souredC.soaredD.unstable问题8选项A.cateredB.providedC.ledD.granted问题9选项A.everyB.anyC.someD.each问题10选项A.shabbyB.decoratedC.vacantD.luxurious问题11选项A.featureB.featuringC.featuredD.features问题12选项A.optimisticB.giftedC.incentiveD.creative问题13选项A.whereB.toC.atD.how问题14选项A.evolvedB.revolvedC.involvedD.resolved问题15选项A.lobbiesB.terracesC.propertiesD.balconies【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:A第10题:D第11题:B第12题:D第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C【解析】1.考查形容词辨析。空缺处应为purchase的定语，句意为“康拉德希尔顿原本想成为一个银行家，但后来却把一个偶然买进的低端酒店打造成了酒店王国”。此处casual“偶然的”最符合上下文语义。因此，正确答案为D选项。2.考查名词辨析。空缺后的“innkeeper to the world（世界旅馆大王）”是一个称号，A选项income表示“收入，所得”，B选项living表示“生计，生活方式”，C选项nickname表示“绰号，外号”，D选项pen name表示“笔名”。earn him the nickname 可表示“为他贏得了 的称号”。因此，本题选择C选项最合适。3.考查连词辨析。根据第二段第一句可知，在Hilton 19岁时，他的父母就把家里的房间租给别人，但他对这门生意不感兴趣，所以他成为了一名议员。此空缺处应表达转折，因此本题正确答案为A项。4.考查词义辨析。空缺处应为修饰legislator的定语成分，可为名词、形容词或分词。legislator表示“立法者，议员”，一般分为联邦议员或者州、市议员，因此与legislator联系最紧密的应是state（国家，州立）。A选项nationality表示“国籍，国家，民族”，C选项race表示“种族，人种”，D选项ethnic表示“种族的，人种的”。因此本题选择B项最恰当。5.考查动词suggest的用法。此处应注意空缺前为he，所以本题考查suggest （that） sb (should) do sth结构，表示“建议某人应当做某事”。因此本题正确答案是B项。6.考查名词辨析。A选项life表示“生活，生存”，B选项achievement表示“成就，完成”，C选项fortune表示“财富，命运，运气”，D选项subsistence表示“生活，生存”。 his表明空缺处应为名词，并可与make构成词组。由上下文推断可知Hilton的朋友建议他去Texas“谋发展”，因此fortune最符合语义，make ones fortune可表示“发财，发迹，寻求致富之路”。故本题正确答案为C。7.考查谓语动词。空缺部分应为when引导的状语从句的谓语。A选项worse 表示“更坏，更糟”，B选项soured表示“使变糟，使变坏”，C选项soared表示“飙升，骤然上升”，D选项unstable表示“动荡的，不稳定的”。由后文提到的Hilton从银行业转向酒店业可以推断，当时他银行的生意“没能成功”，因此soured最符合句意，故本题正确答案是B项。8.考查动词辨析。空缺处应填入动词过去式作句子谓语，并需与介词to搭配。句中It指Mobley酒店，根据句意可推断这间酒店专门为油田工人“提供服务”。A选项catered表示“满足需要，提供饮食及服务”，B选项provided表示“提供，给予”，C选项led表示“领导，通向，指引”，D选项granted表示“承认，同意”。 cater to可表示“迎合的需求，为服务”。因此A选项更符合题意。9.考查形容词辨析。原句意思是“因为这个酒店专门给油田工人服务，所以这40个房间每隔8小时就会换一批客人住”。表示“每隔”、“每”，要用“every基数词复数名词”，这种结构中的every不能用each替代。因此本题正确答案是A。10.考查形容词辨析。空缺处应为定语修饰nightclubs。A选项shabby表示“破旧的”，B选项decorated 表示“装饰的，修饰的”，C选项vacant表示“空的，空闲的”，D选项luxurious表示“奢侈的，奢华的”。从后面的A-list stars（一线明星）可知Hilton所开办的nightclub是“高档的，豪华的”，因此选用luxurious更恰当。故本题正确答案选D。11.考查非谓语动词。动词feature 表示“以为特色”，与nightclub为主动关系，因此此处选择现在分词featuring 作nightclub的定语，表示“以一线明星为特色的夜总会”，故本题正确答案为B。12.考查形容词辨析。空缺所在句缺少表语。由原文the first 可知希尔顿连锁酒店的房间最先配有空调、电视等设备，可见其创新性，因此creative（adj.创造性的）最符合句意。A选项optimistic表示“乐观的”，B选项gifted表示“有天赋的，有才华的”，C选项incentive表示“激励的，刺激的”。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。13.考查固定搭配。固定结构the first to do表示“第一个做某事”， A、C、D选项均不正确。因此本题正确答案为B。14.考查形近词词义辨析。此处应为过去式的动词作谓语，且可与介词from搭配。A选项 evolved表示“逐渐形成，进化，释放”，B选项revolved表示“旋转，反复思考”，C选项involved表示“涉及，参与”，D选项resolved表示“解决，表决，分解”。even表示本句内容是对上一句的进一步补充，依然阐述希尔顿连锁酒店的创造性。词组evolve from表示“由进化，来源于”。句意：就连现代的酒店预订系统也是来源于一间1948年创建的希尔顿酒店。故本题正确答案为A项。15.考查名词辨析。空缺处单词作own的宾语。A选项 lobbies表示“大堂”，B选项 terraces表示“露台，梯田”，C选项 properties表示“资产，财产”，D选项balconies表示“阳台，露台，（剧院）包厢”。文章最后一段对希尔顿酒店的发展作了总结，指出希尔顿酒店集团拥有多少资产，因此properties“财产”最符合句意，故本题正确答案为C。8. 单选题As a developing country, we must keep（ ）with the rapid development of the world economy.问题1选项A.paceB.moveC.stepD.speed【答案】A【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项pace表示“步速，步伐，速度”；B选项move表示“行动，举措，改变”；C选项 step表示“脚步，步骤，步伐”；D选项speed表示“速度，进展”。词组keep pace with是一个固定搭配，表示“与.并驾齐驱，保持一致”。因此本题正确答案为A选项。9. 单选题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic （官僚主义的）management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and human-relations experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it.In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life-They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salaiy but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of subniissiveness and independence.From the moment on they arc tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century free enterprise capitalism? Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of all love and of reason are the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By a well-oiled cog in the machinery the author intends to deliver the idea that man is（ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that（ ）.3.From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those（ ）.4.To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ）.问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the societyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are deprived of their individuality and independence问题3选项A.who could keep far away from this competitive worldB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD.who are at the bottom of the society问题4选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题5选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.susceptibility【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段“.yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless.”, 由此推断, 作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮, 实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知, 工人和雇员们焦虑不仅是因为他们可能面临着失业, 他们焦虑也因为他们不能获得任何有趣的生活和真正的满足, 但是真正的原因还是第二段的最后一句“They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.”, 选项D他们被剥夺了个性和独立性, 符合原文, 所以选D。3.判断推理题。根据原文以及题干可知, 作者认为这些人之所以焦虑是因为处于一个竞争激烈的社会之中, 只有远离了竞争激烈的社会, 才会有真正幸福的生活。所以选项A正确。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“I suggest transforming our social system form, ., into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements. 我建议改变我们的社会制度形式，在这种社会安排中，人及其全部的爱和理性的潜能的充分发展是社会安排的目的。”由此可知，作者提出了充分发挥人的潜能的建议来解决当前的社会问题，选项C符合原文。5.观点态度题。根据文章内容可知, 作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用, 最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义, 所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。10. 单选题Nowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so Im going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. Virtually in any public space.Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person cant walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost.So, a cellphone. Any cellphone. Just pick it up. Dont dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business:“Yes, Im glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. Whats that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there.”Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing, nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, point to your phone, shrug and move on.Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching (用手捏) unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, youd be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued fake foning with my doctor. “So I dont need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news.”And then: Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. “What is the matter with this thing?” I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear.“Hello? Are you still there?”Oops.1.Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?2. What is faking foning?3. In the authors opinion, in order to make foning look real one has to4. What does the last example show?5. After his phone suddenly began ringing, the author问题1选项A.Cellphone service is popular among people.B.Fake foning is a new cellphone service.C.Cellphone has much use in office.D.Fake foning is a new discovery.问题2选项A.A device newly produced.B.A strategy to avoid people.C.A service provided everywhere.D.A skill of communication.问题3选项A.talk about interesting matters.B.hold the phone while walking.C.appear absorbed in conversation.D.behave politely to people passing by.问题4选项A.One has to be careful while fake foning.B.One effective way is to fake fone ones doctor.C.Fake foning may not deceive people.D.Fake foing is always quite successful.问题5选项A.immediately started talking to the caller.B.immediately started talking to his colleague.C.put the phone away and stopped talking.D.continued with his faking conversation.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。本题要找出说法错误的选项，可采用排除法。文章第一句提到任何人在任何地方都可以使用手机服务，因此选项A“手机服务对人们来说很普遍”正确。B选项说fake foning是一项新的手机服务，明显错误。而由文章第二段可知，这种方法在办公室非常有用，故C项正确。文章第一段第二句指出可能已经有相当多的人在用这种方法了，但作者才刚刚发现，故D项正确。因此本题正确答案应为B项。2.推理判断。本题询问fake foning的含义，这正是文章的主题。虽然原文没有给出fake foning的确切定义，但通过原文内容推理可知，fake foning就是假装接听手机的意思。而foning也假借了ph的发音，其含义其实就是phoning。由原文第四段和第五段可以看出，这种假装接电话的目的是colleague avoidance，故B选项正确。其余选项均为对文中语句的混淆解释。3.推理判断题。题干询问“为了让假接手机看起来更真实，作者认为应该怎么做”。由原文第四段最后一句可知，要根据你想要避开的人而改变谈论的主题和内容，因此不能只谈论有趣的话题，故A项错误。而“走路的时候拿着手机”显然也不能单纯地提高真实性，故B项错误。根据原文第七段可知，要专注接听电话，对路过的人只需用眼神交流一下，点点头，同时还要指指电话，表示在讲电话，只能以后再聊，但并不能推断出这种礼貌地回应能让假接手机看起来更真实，故D项错误。只有C项“装成投入到交谈中的样子（没有注意到旁人）”最真实，最符合题意。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问文中最后一个例子的含义，其实也就是询问最后四段的主旨。这个例子是讲作者有一次在假装接电话时，正好有一个电话打进来，作者只好急中生智，装成手机出问题断线了，而自己还不知道后面又继续通话，可见假接电话也要多加小心，故A选项正确。在这个例子中，作者只是刚好假装在和医生通话，故B选项错误。C选项认为fake foning可能欺骗不了别人，是片面的，作者就很巧妙地化解了尴尬局面，成功骗了同事。选项D说假装接电话总是成功的，根据最后这个例子来看这也未必，还是需要小心的。因此本题正确答案为A选项。5.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段可知，当电活铃突然响起时，作者正好与同事四目相对，但是作者并未惊慌，只是很自然地说道：“这东西出什么毛病了?”同时拿开手机看了一下，然后重新放回耳边说到：“喂喂喂，还在吗?”由此可以看出，作者是对同事说了一句话，因此本题正确答案为B选项。11. 单选题The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the（ ）.问题1选项A.vainB.vicinityC.courtD.jail【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项vain“徒劳的”，和介词in搭配意为“徒劳无功的”，中间不接定冠词the；B选项vicinity“邻近，附近”；C选项court “法院，球场”；D选项jail“监狱”。句意：警方被提醒逃犯可能就在附近。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to （ ）the isolation of life in Alaska.问题1选项A.break throughB.break downC.break intoD.break out【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A项break through表示“突破，突围”；B项break down 表示“打破；出故障”；C项break into表示“闯入”；D项break out表示“突发，爆发”。根据Modern forms of transportation and communication以及isolation可知，句意应为现代交通运输和通信方式非常有利于打破阿拉斯加生活的闭塞，因此本题正确答案为B项。13. 单选题He showed no signs of pain（ ） to his death.问题1选项A.beforeB.precedingC.priorD.following【答案】C【解析】考察固定搭配。prior to “在之前”。句意：他临死前没有表现出任何痛苦的迹象。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题Writing is a slow process, requiring（ ）thought, time, and effort.问题1选项A.significantB.enormousC.considerableD.numerous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant “有重大意义的，显著的”; enormous “巨大的, 庞大的”；considerable “相当多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous “众多的，许多的” 一般用来修饰可数名词。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought, time, and effort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。15. 单选题We are at a serious disadvantage in （ ） we have nobody properly qualified for the work问题1选项A.thisB.thatC.whichD.whom【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。in that 为固定搭配，意思是“由于，因为”。句意：我们现在处于非常不利的局面，因为我们没有胜任这份工作的人选。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题The puzzle of left-handedness seems to be a modest growth area in current research. One of the latest proposals links left-handedness both with an overproduction of the male hormone and with deficiencies in the bodys automatic defense mechanisms, although it is not clear whether the overproduction of hormone causes the defense defect, or is simply one symptom of a general imbalance. Could this explain why 13 per cent of male children, but only 10 per cent of females, are left-handed?Today, very roughly 10 per cent of the population is left-handed. The odd thing is that this percentage seems to have remained constant throughout history, and indeed throughout human prehistory. From written records, and even painting, researchers can get a guide to the incidence of left-handedness among our recent ancestorsLooking further back, some experts claim to be able to tell from the shaping of flint(打火石) tools whether our Stone Age forebears were left-or right-handed while the habit of cave painters of leaving hand prints (as “signatures”)on walls at least tells us which hand an individual used for marking walls. The evidence suggests that 10 per cent of the population was left-handed.This is a common evolutionary pattern where there are variations that each provides some advantage for the individual that carries them, but not an overwhelming advantage, so that all the va