2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第84期

2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The policeman declared that the blow on the victims head （ ）from behind.问题1选项A.should have been madeB.must have been madeC.would have been madeD.ought to have been made【答案】B【解析】考查语法中情态动词表推测的用法。A项should have done表示“本该做某事（其实没做）”；B项must have done表示“定做了某事”；C项would have done表示“将会做某事”，常用于表达虚拟语气；D项ought to have done表示“本该做某事”，比should have done语气强，意思为根据责任或者义务应该做。句意：警察宣称受害者头上的伤一定是从后面猛击造成的。故本题正确答案为B项。2. 翻译题ATranslate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(15 points)It is simple enough to say that since books have classesfiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us.Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning.Do not dictate to your author; Try to become him.Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.But if you open your mind as widely as possible, the signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.B.Translate the following paragraphs into English.(15 points)中国是有着悠久文明的国家。在世界几大古代文明中，中华文明是没有中断、延续发 展于今的文明，已经有5000多年历史了。我们的祖先在几千年前创造的文字至今仍在使用。2000多年前，中国就出现了诸子百家的盛况。他们提出的很多理念，至今仍然深深影响着中国人的生活。中国人看待世界、看待社会、看待人生，有自己独特的价值体系。中国人独特而悠久的精神世界，让中国人具有强大的民族自信心，也培育了以爱国主义为核心的民族精祌。【答案】Section A书既然有类别小说、传记、诗歌我们就应该把它们分开，从它们各自给予我们的正确的东西中汲取。然而，很少有人问书能给我们什么。最常见的情况是，我们带着模糊而分裂的思想来读书，要求小说是真实的，要求诗歌是虚假的，要求传记是奉承的，要求历史加强我们的偏见。如果我们读书时能摒弃所有这些先入之见，那将是一个极好的开始。不要对作者指手画脚，而要尽力与作者融为一体，共同创作，共同策划。你若敞开心扉，虚怀若谷，那么，书中精细入微的离意和暗示便会把你从一开头就碰上的那些像是山回水转般的句子中带出来，走到一个独特的人物面前。Section BChina has a time honored civilization. Of the worlds ancient civilizations, the Chinese civilization has spanned over 5,000 years and continued uninterrupted to this day. The Chinese characters, invented by our ancestors several millennia ago, are still being used today. Over 2,000 year ago, there was an era of great intellectual accomplishment in China. Many important ideas proposed by them still carry a profound impact on Chinese peoples way of life today, underpinning the unique value systems in the Chinese outlook of the world, of society, and of life itself. And this unique and time honored intellectual legacy, has instilled a strong sense of national confidence in the Chinese people, and nurtured a national spirit with patriotism at a very core.3. 单选题Have your ever heard the old （ 1 ）,Never judge a book by cover? This is a good rule to（ 2 ）when trying to judge the intelligence of others. Some people have（ 3 ）that shine only in certain（ 4 ）. A young man with an unusual（5） in creative writing may find himself（ 6 ）in the presence of a pretty girl. He（ 7 ） awkwardly for words and does not talk smoothly. But dont make the（8 ）of thinking him stupid.（9 ）a pen and paper, he can express himself very well.Other people may（10）overestimating their intelligence by（11）a good appearance. A student who listens attentively and（12） in class is （13） make a favorable impression on his teachers. But when it（14 ）to exams, he may score near the（15）of the class.The（16）idea is that you cant judge someone by appearance. The only way to determine a persons intelligence is to get to know him. Then you can observe（17） he reacts to different situations. The（18）situations you observe, the more accurate you judgment is（19 ）to be. So（20）. Dont judge the book by its cover.问题1选项A.speakingB.sayingC.teachingD.talking问题2选项A.followB.obeyC.watchD.observe问题3选项A.heartsB.headsC.mindsD.brains问题4选项A.conditionsB.situationsC.circumstancesD.occasions问题5选项A.presentB.handC.penD.gift问题6选项A.motionlessB.hopelessC.speechlessD.helpless问题7选项A.searchesB.looksC.studiesD.calls问题8选项A.errorB.faultC.mistakeD.wrong问题9选项A.FromB.WithC.InD.By问题10选项A.fool you awayB.fool you aroundC.fool you out ofD.fool you into问题11选项A.putting up withB.putting onC.putting upD.putting off问题12选项A.takes notesB.write notesC.takes noticesD.takes care问题13选项A.up toB.due toC.bound toD.about to问题14选项A.turns toB.comes toC.gets toD.leads to问题15选项A.topB.centerC.middleD.bottom问题16选项A.mereB.majorC.mainD.topic问题17选项A.howB.whatC.howeverD.whatever问题18选项A.mostB.moreC.muchD.many问题19选项A.likelyB.properlyC.fortunatelyD.necessarily问题20选项A.count on your timeB.ahead of your timeC.fall behind your timeD.take your time【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:D第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:D第16题:C第17题:A第18题:B第19题:A第20题:D【解析】1.考查名词辨析。“Never judge a book by cover”是一句谚语，译为“不要以貌取人”，B选项saying表示“谚语”。因此，正确答案为B项。2.考查动词辨析。A选项follow表示“跟随；遵守”，B选项obey表示“遵守；服从”，C选项watch“表示观看”，D选项observe表示“观察；遵守法律或协议”。四个选项中，obey的语气较强，通常指服从命令，法律；遵循原则。由原文可知，不要以貌取人是一个通常性规则。因此，本题选择A项最合适。3.考查名词辨析。A选项heart表示“心；心脏”，B选项head表示“头，上端”，C选项mind表示“理智；精神；智力”，D选项brain表示“大脑，智力”。这句话的意思是“有些人的智力在一些特定情况下才会发挥出来”。因此本题正确答案是C。4.考查名词辨析。A选项condition表示“条件，情况”，B选项situation表示“情况；状况”，C选项circumstance表示“环境；情况；境遇”，D选项occasion表示“场合；时机”。根据后文的例子，在写作方面有天赋的男子在一个美丽的女孩面前说不出话，用纸和笔却能很好地表达。说明有些人在某些特定情况下才能表现出聪明才智。因此本题正确答案是B。5.考查名词辨析。A选项present表示“礼物；现在”，B选项hand表示“手，帮助”，C选项pen表示“钢笔，作家”，D选项gift表示“天赋；礼物”。创造性的写作是一种非同寻常的天赋。因此本题正确答案是D。6.考查形容词辨析。A选项motionless表示“静止的；不动的”，B选项hopeless表示“无望的，无可救药的”，C选项speechless表示“说不出话的，非语言能表达的”，D选项helpless表示“无助的，没用的”。根据后面一句doesnt talk smoothly和第一段最后一句可知，男孩在女孩面前是“说不出话的”，故本题正确答案为C。7.考查动词辨析。A选项search表示“寻找；搜索”，B选项look表示“看，注意”，C选项study表示“学习，研究”，D选项call表示“打电话；称呼；拜访”。根据上下文可知，此句句意应为“他笨拙地搜索语言却也不能流利交谈”，因此本题答案是A。8.考查名词辨析。A选项error强调违反标准或道德所做的错事， B选项fault强调性格或责任上的弱点。C选项mistake强调日常生活中看法和判断的错误；D选项wrong强调坏事、恶行、犯罪。四个词都可表示“错误”，但侧重点各不相同。原句意思是“不会犯认为他愚蠢这样的错误”，属于看法判断上的错误，因此C项更符合题意。9.考查介词辨析。原句意思是“他能用纸和笔非常好的表达自己。”A选项from表示“从；来自”，B选项with表示“用某种工具”，C选项in表示“用某种材料”，D选项by表示“通过某种方法”。因此本题正确答案是B。10.考查词组辨析。A选项fool sb away表示“把某人骗开”，B选项fool you around 表示“愚弄某人”，C选项fool sb out of表示“骗某人不要做某事”，D选项fool sb into表示“骗某人去做某事”。根据第二段第一句可知，有些人会通过表象让别人误认为他聪明，也就是骗别人髙估他们的智力，故本题正确答案选D。11.考查词组辨析。A选项put up with表示“忍受，容忍”，B选项put on表示“穿上；增加；假装”，C选项put up表示“提供；建造；举起”，D选项put off 表示“推迟；阻止”。由第二段可知，有些人会通过伪装表象让别人误认为他聪明，也就是put on a good appearance。因此本题正确答案为B。12.考查词组辨析。A选项take note表示“做笔记”，B选项write notes搭配不当，是中式表达，C选项表示take notice “注意到”，D选项take care表示“当心”。根据句意可知，学生在课堂上应是“认真听讲并做笔记”。因此，本题正确答案为A项。13.考查固定搭配。A选项be up to表示“胜任；由决定”，B选项due to表示“由于”，C选项be bound to表示“必然，一定要”，D选项be about to表示“即将”。将四个选项代入原文分析可知，C选项最为合适，因此本题正确答案为C。14.考查固定搭配。A选项turn to表示“转向；变成；求助于”，B选项when it comes to表示“当提到，就而论；”，C选项get to表示“到达，开始”，D选项lead to表示“导致；通向”。原句意思是“当提到考试的时候”，故本题正确答案为B。15.考查逻辑关系。A选项top 表示“顶部”，B选项center表示“中心；中央”，C选项middle 表示“中间的，中等的”，D选项bottom表示“底部的”。由本句中but可知，第二段最后一句与前面一句应为转折关系。前文提到学生上课认真听讲并做笔记，因此下文内容应转折为“成绩却垫底”，故本题正确答案为D。16.考查形容词辨析。因为被修饰词idea是名词，所以空缺处应为形容词。D项topic表示“主题”，为名词，可直接排除。A选项mere表示“仅仅的”，B选项major表示“主要的，主修的”，C选项main表示“主要的，最重要的”。main强调“主要的，至高的，中心的”，major强调“重要的，影响大的，要集中精力的”，而中心思想常翻译为“main idea”，故本题正确答案为C。17.考查宾语从句引导词。空缺处应为observe的宾语从句引导词。A选项how表示“如何，多少”，B选项what表示“什么，多么”，C选项however表示“无论怎样”，D选项whatever表示“无论什么”。react为不及物动词，后而不需要接宾语，因此what和whatever排除，however不能引导宾语从句，因此本题正确选项为A项。18.考查语法结构中的比较级。“the+比较级，the +比较级”表示“越就越”。因此本题正确答案为B项。19.考查副词辨析。A选项likely表示“可能，或许”，B选项properly表示“恰当地；合理地”，C选项fortunately表示“幸运地”，D选项necessarily表示“必要地，必然地”。句意可理解为“你观察的情形越多，你的判断可能会越正确”，因此正确答案为A。20.考查固定搭配。A选项count on表示“指望；依靠”，B选项ahead of 表示“在前”，C选项fall behind表示“落后，拖欠”，D选项take your time表示“别着急，从容做”。根据最后一句话“不要以貌取人”可知不要急于评判一个人。因此D项为正确答案。4. 单选题Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular （ ）.问题1选项A.gapsB.rateC.lengthD.intervals【答案】D【解析】句意:学生或老师可以每隔一段时间就进行一次短途旅行，到海岛附近美丽的沙滩上去。考查短语辨析。at.rate 以速度：at intervals 不时，每隔一段时间; at length 详尽地; at gap,无此搭配。故选D。5. 单选题I wish （ ）that much money last month.问题1选项A.I had not spentB.did not spentC.would not have spentD.have not spent【答案】A【解析】考察虚拟语气。根据last month可知此处是与过去事实相反的情况，因此wish后面要用过完完成时态。选项A符合题意。句意：我希望我上个月没花这么多钱。6. 翻译题Translate the following into English.人们都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的理解却因人而异。绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成。正如经常发生的那样，许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义。【答案】People have the right to pursue happiness, but different people have different understanding of happiness. Most people believe that happiness comes from good health, wish fulfilment and successful career. As it often happens, it is not until they suffer that many people realize the true meaning of happiness.7. 单选题2. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly|（ ）to another subject.问题1选项A.committedB.switchedC.favoredD.transmitted【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。commit to“致力于”；switch to“转换到.”；transmit to. “传送到”; favor不与to sth.搭配使用。句意：最开始演讲者讲述的是有关该国家环境污染的问题，但她演讲到一半就突然转到别的话题上去了。根据but和another subject “别的话题”可知，B项符合题意。故答案选B。8. 单选题While being questioned on the court, the man denied （ ）the old ladys necklace.问题1选项A.having takenB.takingC.to have takenD.to take【答案】A【解析】句意:法庭传训他的吋候，他拒不承认拿了老太太的项链。考查固定搭配。deny doing sth. 否认做了某事。另外由于动作是发生在过去，因此需要用完成时态，故答案选A。9. 单选题The ultimate goal of the suicide bomber is to force a reaction on the part of the soldiers targeted by the attack, to make them see the civilian population around them as a potential enemy, and respond accordingly. When every civilian carry a wide attack, then even soldiers who are not normally trigger-happy may be goaded by fear into harming innocent people. It is important to realize that stopping the suicide attacker before he (or she) commits his attack is next to impossible; he will certainly try to detonate his explosives as soon as a soldier approaches.The Israeli army has been forced to deal with suicide attackers over the past 20 years in southern Lebanon, as well as more recently in the West Bank and Gaza strip. The Israeli experience has shown that the only hope of countering this phenomenon lies in thwarting the attack before the attacker sets out on his mission.The suicide bomber is not a lone “crazy” acting out of rage. Rather, he is the tip of an operational iceberg consisting of recruiters, intelligence gatherers, bomb makers, and trainers.All of these elements are vulnerable to counter-terrorist operations, provided that one has accurate intelligence and the military capability to act decisively against them.In Israel such counter-terrorist operations often take the form of “targeted killing” operations against those responsible for sending the suicide bomber on his mission.However, if the intelligence needed to do this is lacking, it falls to defensive measures to stop the attack, or at least to minimize the damage. Roadblocks, check- points, and surprise inspections can help in locating the suicide attacker and preventing him from reaching his target. Precautions must be taken not to create easy targets for suicide attacks, by avoiding the concentration of soldiers in one place or housing command centers in multi-story buildings.In dealings with the civilian population, the possibility of booby traps must be taken into account. Thus someone wishing to surrender should be checked from a distance to see that he is not carrying explosives. Vehicles should be prevented from directly entering a military base or checkpoint. All services provided by members of the indigenous population should be subject to stringent security checks.The military should also be aware of the possibility of multiple suicide attacks, where explosives are detonated in sequence in order to target first responders or to overcome consecutive obstacles in the way of penetration of a protected space.The possibility of suicide operations on the modern battlefield complicates the military campaign, and requires a whole different mindset from that needed for conventional warfare. Soldiers must be made aware of the risks and be ready to change their collective behavior in accordance with the changing circumstances, without playing into the enemys hands by targeting the civilian population.1. The suicide bomber commits suicide to （ ）.2. From the passage, we can infer that（ ）.3. In preventing the occurrence of suicide attacks, counter-terrorist operation requires（ ）.4. Who is often the first targeted killing for the counter-terrorist operations?5. The military may walk straight into the bombers trap if they（ ）.问题1选项A.kill himself/herself onlyB.revenge on the soldiersC.make the soldiers see the civilian population around them as a potential enemy, and respond accordinglyD.kill some innocent people out of rage问题2选项A.the suicide bombers are well organizedB.the suicide bombers often act alone and nobody help themC.most of the suicide bombers commit their attacks out of crazy motivationD.most of the suicide bombers are trained in southern Lebanon问题3选项A.one with accurate intelligenceB.one with the military capability to act decisivelyC.one who has taken every precaution not to create easy targets for suicide attacksD.all of the above问题4选项A.The suicide bomber.B.The suicide bombers leaders.C.The surrender.D.The bomb maker.问题5选项A.greet the one who wishes to surrender with careful checksB.are alert all the timeC.allow vehicles to enter directly into a military base or checkpointD.put all services provided by members of the indigenous population under stringent security checks【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段“The ultimate goal of the suicide bomber is to force a reaction on the part of the soldiers targeted by the attack, to make them see the civilian population around them as a potential enemy, and respond accordingly”可知，自杀式炸弹袭击者的最终目标是迫使被袭击的士兵做出反应，让他们把周围的平民视为潜在的敌人，并做出相应的反应。A项表示“只是自杀”；B项表示“报复士兵”；D项表示“出于泄愤而杀害一些无辜的人”，都与原文不符。因此，只有C项“让士兵把周围的平民视为潜在的敌人并相应地做出反应”符合原文表述，故本题正确答案为C项。2.推理判断题。根据原文第三段“The suicide bomber is not a lone “crazy” acting out of rage. Rather, he is the tip of an operational iceberg consisting of recruiters, intelligence gatherers, bomb makers, and trainers.”可知，自杀式炸弹袭击不是出于愤怒而单独行动的“疯狂”行为。相反，他只是由招聘者、情报收集员、炸弹制造者和训练人员构成的操作团体的冰山一角。由此可推测，自杀式炸弹袭击者组织有序，故A项正确。B项表示“自杀炸弹袭击者经常单独行动且没人帮他们”；C项“大多数自杀炸弹袭击者出于疯狂的动机而进行袭击”；D项表示“大多数自杀式炸弹袭击者在黎巴嫩南部参加训练”。3.推理判断题。根据原文第四段“All of these elements are vulnerable to counter-terrorist operations, provided that one has accurate intelligence and the military capability to act decisively against them”可知，假如国家有准确的情报和军事能力对与自杀式炸弹袭击相关的人员采取果断的行动，那么这些相关人员就易受反恐行动的攻击。故A项“一个国家有准确的情报”和B项“一个国家有果断行动的军事能力”均正确。根据原文第六段“Precautions must be taken not to create easy targets for suicide attacks”可知，一定要采取防范措施，以便不为自杀袭击创造容易的目标，故C项“一个国家已采取所有可能的防范措施，以便不为自杀袭击创造容易的目标”表述正确，因此，本题正确答案为D项“以上选项均正确”。4.推理判断题。根据原文第五段“In Israel such counter-terrorist operations often take the form of “targeted killing” operations against those responsible for sending the suicide bomber on his mission”可知，在以色列，此类反恐行动通常采取“定点清除”形式，打击那些将自杀式炸弹袭击者送上战场的人，故B项“自杀炸弹袭击者的领导者”符合题意。A项“自杀炸弹袭击者”；C项“投降者”：D项“炸弹制造者”。5.细节事实题。根据原文倒数第三段“In dealings with the civilian population, the possibility of booby traps must be taken into account.Vehicles should be prevented from directly entering a military base or checkpoint.”可知，在应对平民时，一定要考虑陷阱。应该阻止车辆直接进入军事基地或检查站，故C项表述符合题干要求。A项“迎接在仔细检查下想要投降的人”；B项“一直是警惕的”；D项“对本地居民提供的所有服务进行严格的安全检查”。10. 单选题The president made a（ ）speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.问题1选项A.vigorousB.tediousC.flatD.harsh【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。vigorous “充满活力的，精力充沛的”; tedious “冗长的，单调乏味的”；flat “平淡的，平坦的”；harsh “严酷的，恶劣的”。句意：校长在运动会的开幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演讲，这极大地鼓舞了运动员们。根据下文which从句的内容可知这个演讲是慷慨激昂的，故A项符合题意，答案选A。11. 单选题There was only a small（ ）in the citys population over the last ten years.问题1选项A.intimacyB.immortalityC.incrementD.incidence【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项intimacy表示“性关系，亲密；亲昵行为”；B选项immortality表示“不朽，不灭”；C选项increment表示“增量，增加，盈余”；D选项incidence表示“发生率，影响，后果”。由句意“在过去十年里，这个城市的人口只有少量”可知，只有C项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为C项。12. 单选题It is reported that fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, （ ）the same company.问题1选项A.much worseB.let aloneC.all elseD.less likely【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项much worse “更糟糕的是.”；B选项let alone“更不用说，听任，不打扰”；C选项all else“其他所有”；D选项less likely“最不可能的”。句意：据报道，如今越来越少的工人希望自己的职业生涯都在同一领域工作，更不用说同一家公司了。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题Writing is a slow process, requiring（ ）thought, time, and effort.问题1选项A.significantB.enormousC.considerableD.numerous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant “有重大意义的，显著的”; enormous “巨大的, 庞大的”；considerable “相当多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous “众多的，许多的” 一般用来修饰可数名词。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought, time, and effort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。14. 单选题The crowd cheered in （ ）when the players caught the ball.问题1选项A.recognitionB.appreciationC.interactionD.participation【答案】B【解析】考察名词词义辨析。recognition “识别；承认，认出；”;appreciation “欣赏，鉴别;感谢”;interaction “相互作用”；participation“参与;分享;参股”。根据cheer 与 caught the ball 可知观众是因为球被接住欢呼，对球员表示赞赏，因此选项B符合题意。句意：当球员接住球时，观众欢呼表示赞赏。15. 单选题Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18th century.The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters（1） natural beauty, the sublime, and representation a trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature.（2）that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more prominent and has begun to（3）the philosophy of nature.Various issues central to the philosophy of art have had a（4）impact（5）the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics.（6）among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and（7）distinction between representation and expression.Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art.Two opposing theoretical positions（8）on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good,（9）the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself.Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics.In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgment.Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought,（10）have followed either of two approaches.In one, criticism is restricted to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art.（11）it is devoted to the articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to（12）a particular way of perceiving it.Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge and inquiry.The concerns of contemporary aesth