2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第108期

2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word table following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the table is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the table more than once.The earliest（1）about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographs accuracy to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as（2）from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defense of photography was（3）with the struggle to establish it as a fine art. Against the（4）that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of reality, photographers（5）that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting.Ironically, now that photography is（6）established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or irrelevant to label it as such. Serious photographers variously （7）to be finding, recording, impartially observing, witnessing events, exploring themselvesanything（8）making works of art. They are no longer willing to debate whether photography is or is not a fine art, except to proclaim that their own work is not involved with art. It shows the extent to which they simply take for（9）the concept of art imposed by the（10）of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.问题1选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely问题2选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely问题3选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely问题4选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely问题5选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely问题6选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely问题7选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely问题8选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely问题9选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely问题10选项A.chargeB.securelyC.distinctD.triumphE.assertedF.thereforeG.controversiesH.identityI.identicalJ.garageK.butL.grantedM.claimN.contradictsO.severely【答案】第1题:G第2题:C第3题:I第4题:A第5题:E第6题:B第7题:M第8题:K第9题:L第10题:D【解析】第1题:1.由下文“whether.”可知此空填controversies正确，句意：最早关于摄影和艺术关系的争论集中在2.be distinct from“与不同”。3.be identical with“与一致”。4.由that.可知此空指有人指责。句意：有人指责摄影是没有灵魂的、对现实的机械复制5.此空应填一个动词，句意：摄影师们宣称，这是一种特殊的观看方式，是对平庸视觉的反抗，是一种与绘画同等价值的艺术。6.由ironically以及后半句句意可知此处意为：具有讽刺意味的是，现在摄影被安全地确立为一门艺术，许多摄影师认为它自命不凡或与此标签不相关。7.claim to do sth “声称做某事”。8.anything but“根本不，决不”。9.take for granted“认为是理所当然的”。10.此处要填名词。句意：它显示了他们仅仅把现代主义胜利强加的艺术概念视为理所当然的程度：艺术越好，对艺术的传统目标就越有颠覆性。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:第6题:第7题:第8题:第9题:第10题:2. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be up to one-fifth the total （ ） for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。acceptable“可接受的”；available“可获得的，可得到的”；advisable“明智的，可取的”；applicable“可适用的，可应用的”。句意：大体上，学生的房租支出最多只能占可多得的生活总费用的五分之一。B项符合题意。3. 单选题The wings of the bird still（ ） after it had been shot down.问题1选项A.slappedB.scratchedC.flappedD.fluctuated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。slap“掌击，拍掌”；scratch“刮，抓”；flap“拍打”；fluctuate“波动”。句意：这只鸟在被击倒之后，它的翅膀仍然在拍打。A项符合题意。4. 单选题I bumped my head on the doorpost and now a（ ） has come up.问题1选项A.knobB.lumpC.pimpleD.bubble【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项knob“瘤”；B选项lump“肿块”；C选项pimple“疙瘩，丘疹”；D选项bubble“气泡”。句意：我的头撞在了门柱上，现在肿了起来。选项B符合语境。5. 单选题The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary（ ）too much work last week.问题1选项A.take toB.take outC.take awayD.take on【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。take to“走向，开始从事”；take out“取出，去掉”；take away“带走，拿走”；take on“承担，呈现”。句意：上周，主席因让他的秘书承担很多工作而受到责备。D项符合题意。6. 单选题What could be more frightening than a burst of lightning on a summer afternoon? The sky goes dark, the air goes cold. Then, out of nowhere there is a burst of blinding light and a deafening roar, and the world is completely covered in water. No wonder ancient man thought that lightning was the work of the gods.Modern scientists are still very impressed. Its the most scaring and most spectacular thing I know,” says Martin Uman, professor of electrical engineering at the University of Florida and author of several books on lightning.The bolts（闪电）that cut through the air are really channels for electrical energy. They measure about 2 inches across. Their length may be as short as 70 metres or as long as 20 kilometres. They speed through the air nearly half the speed of light. This is so fast that we cannot see that the bolt actually travels from the ground up to the clouds. In that short instant, the electricity heats the air around it up to five times the temperature of the surface of the sun.Although three-quarters of the bolts energy is used up in heat, enough remains to deliver a full 125 million volts（伏特）of electricity. If it hits a tree, the blast instantly boils the sap（树液）so strongly that the tree explodes. Lightning has sometimes made huge holes in the ground and cut huge rocks into two.Although one hundred lightning bolts shake the earth every secondthats 8 million a dayno one has found a way to use all this electricity.Lightning has many disadvantages. It starts millions of forest fires and destroys property worth millions of dollars every year. It is the major reason for electricity failures. But its biggest threat is to human life. Lightning kills many people by stopping their heart or breathing with its electric hammer.1.Why did early man think lightning come from the gods?2.In what way does the bolt travel?3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage（ ）.4.Why cant we make use of lightning?5.Whats the temperature of the air heated by lightning?问题1选项A.Because he was frightened.B.Because it brought light.C.Because it brought water to the ground.D.Because it bursted suddenly in the sky.问题2选项A.In all directions.B.From the sky to the ground.C.From the ground to the sky.D.Across the sky.问题3选项A.Lightning kills large numbers of people every year.B.Lightning is the cause of millions of forest fires.C.Lightning causes millions of dollars worth of damage every year.D.Lightning helps to produce certain nitrogen compounds.问题4选项A.Because most of the energy from lightning is consumed in heating the air around it.B.Because the duration of lightning is too short.C.Because it is too dangerous to store its energy.D.Because we have not found any efficient way to collect its energy.问题5选项A.Its as hot as the surface of the sun.B.Its hotter than the surface of the sun.C.Its not so hot as the surface of the sun.D.Its sometimes hotter than the surface of the sun.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段首句提及“还有什么比夏天下午的闪电更可怕的呢?”接着后面主要描述闪电是如何让人感到害怕的，最后在第一段末句说到“难怪古人认为闪电是神的杰作。”由此可知，早期人们认为闪电来自于神是由于它让人感到害怕，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据第三段第五句“This is so fast that we cannot see that the bolt actually travels from the ground up to the clouds. 这是如此之快，以至于我们无法看到闪电实际上是从地面飞到云层上的。”由此可知，选项C正确。3.细节事实题。根据最后一段的内容“闪电有很多缺点。它每年引发数百万起森林火灾，毁坏价值数百万美元的财产。它还是电力故障的主要原因。但它最大的威胁是人类的生命。闪电通过电锤使人的心脏停止跳动或呼吸停止，许多人因此丧命。”由此可知，选项A、B、C在原文均有提及，只有选项D不是文章中的观点，所以本题选D。4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容“尽管每秒钟有一百个闪电震动地球，也就是一天八百万次，但是没有人找到使用所有这些电能的方法。”也就是没有有效的办法收集电能，所以选项D符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“In that short instant, the electricity heats the air around it up to five times the temperature of the surface of the sun. 在那一瞬间，电流将周围的空气加热到太阳表面温度的五倍。”也就是比太阳表面的温度还要高，所以选项B正确。7. 单选题Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to（ ）.问题1选项A.resignB.rejectC.retreatD.replace【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。resign“辞职”；reject“拒绝”；retreat“撤退，后退”；replace“代替，替换”。句意：十天前，这个年轻人告知了他的老板他要离职的打算。A项符合题意。8. 单选题We couldnt really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly（ ）.问题1选项A.investmentsB.requirementsC.arrangementsD.installments【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。investments“投资”；requirements“要求，必需品”； arrangements “安排”；installments“分期付款”。句意：我们实在买不起房子，所以我们以分期付款的方式买房，然后按月付款。D项符合题意。9. 单选题I know Jam quite well and never doubt（ ） he can do a good job of it.问题1选项A.whetherB.whenC.thatD.what【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。doubt后面一般接that从句，意为“怀疑某事”。句意：我很了解Jam，他一定能把这件事做得很好。这里是说我从不怀疑，也就是相信他能做好这件事，所以选项C正确。10. 单选题Real-time web searchwhich scours only the latest updates to services like Twitteris currently generating quite a buzz because it can provide a glimpse of what people around the world are thinking or doing at any given moment. Interest in this kind of search is so great that, according to recent leaks, Google is considering buying Twitter.The latest research from the interact search giant, though, suggests that real-time results could be even more powerfulthey may reveal the future as well as the present.Google researchers Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian combined data from Google Trends on the popularity of different search terms with models used by economists to predict trends in areas such as travel and home sales. The result? Better forecasts in almost every case. It works because searches reveal something about peoples intentions. Google has demonstrated before that search data can predict flu outbreaks, and last week World Bank economist Erik Feyen said he could cut errors in a model that forecasts lending to the private sector by 15% using Google search data.But real-time results could have even more predictive power: knowing what people are actually doing, not just thinking, at a particular instant gives a strong hint of the future consequences.Johan Bollen of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Alberto Pepe of the University of California, Los Angeles, applied a mood rating system to the text from over 10,000 Future Me emails sent in 2006 to gauge peoples hopes, fears and predictions for the future. They found that emails directed at 2007 to 2012 were significantly more depressed in tone than messages aimed at the subsequent six years. Could they have predicted the worlds current economic slump?Without more data, that is no more than an intriguing possibility. So Bollen plans to look at more Future Me emails, as well as Twitter messages, to search for mood swings that foreshadow other economic changes. If he finds any such links, the same sources might be used to try and predict future economic fluctuations.So will our online footsteps become a central part of economic forecasting? Well have to wait and seeor perhaps do a quick web search.1.What is “real-time” web search like Twitter?2.What is the result of research established by Google researchers Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian?3.What can we infer from Para. 5?4.Whats the meaning of “Without more data, that is no more than an intriguing possibility.”？5.Whats the attitude of author to real-time search?问题1选项A.It tells us what people did in past days.B.It generates quite a buzz in recent days.C.It provides latest news about everything.D.It informs what people do in the future.问题2选项A.They gain nothing special from the combination of data and models.B.They indeed reveal something about peoples intentions in such areas.C.They find that the future trends cannot be predicted from the research.D.They totally understand the future trends of these areas from research.问题3选项A.It is possible for researchers to get some hints from the Future Me emails.B.There is no relationship between the depression and economic slump.C.There is a potential relationship between depression and economic slump.D.The Future Me emails may indicate peoples reaction about future prediction.问题4选项A.More data are necessary to turn this possibility to be reality.B.The possibility is just all intriguing possibility without data.C.No amount of data cannot be a strong proof for the possibility.D.More data are needed to turn it out to be a pure possibility.问题5选项A.Negative.B.Critical.C.Optimistic.D.Indifferent.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Real-time web searchwhich scours only the latest updates to services like Twitteris currently generating quite a buzz because it can provide a glimpse of what people around the world are thinking or doing at any given moment. 实时网络搜索像twitter一样只搜索最新的信息目前正引起相当大的轰动，因为它可以让人们窥见世界各地人们在任何特定时刻的所思所为。”可知实时的网络搜索可以实时提供人们的信息，故C项正确。2.细节事实题。由第三段“The result? Better forecasts in almost every case. It works because searches reveal something about peoples intentions. 结果呢?在几乎所有情况下都有更好的预测。它之所以有效，是因为搜索揭示了人们的一些意图。”可知B项正确。3.推理判断题。由第五段“They found that emails directed at 2007 to 2012 were significantly more depressed in tone than messages aimed at the subsequent six years. Could they have predicted the worlds current economic slump? 他们发现，指向2007年至2012年的电子邮件在语气上明显要比指向随后六年的邮件更加沮丧。他们能预测到世界目前的经济衰退吗?”可知“未来的我”邮件是否与经济衰退有联系还不得而知。故ABC三项错误。D项“未来的我”邮件可能表明人们对未来预测的反应。”正确。4.推理判断题。Without more data, that is no more than an intriguing possibility. So Bollen plans to look at more Future Me emails, as well as Twitter messages, to search for mood swings that foreshadow other economic changes. 没有更多的数据，这只是一个有趣的可能性。因此，博伦计划查看更多的“未来的我”邮件和Twitter信息，以搜索预示着其他经济变化的情绪波动。”可知这句话的含义是需要研究更多的数据来证实这种可能性。故A项正确。5.观点态度题。由最后一段“So will our online footsteps become a central part of economic forecasting? Well have to wait and seeor perhaps do a quick web search. 那么，我们在网上的脚步会成为经济预测的核心部分吗?我们将不得不等待和观察或者做一个快速的网络搜索。”可知作者对于实时的搜索持乐观态度。故C项正确。11. 单选题The statistical figures in that report are not（ ） .You should not refer to them.问题1选项A.accurateB.fixedC.delicateD.rigid【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。accurate“精确的”；fixed“确定的，固执的”；delicate“微妙的，精美的”；rigid“严格的，僵硬的”。句意：那份报告中的统计数字是不精确的，你不应该参考它们。A项符合题意。12. 单选题As a result of the strike, the Government is urging people to be（ ）with electricity.问题1选项A.economicB.economicalC.economyD.economics【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项economic“经济上的”；B选项economical“经济的，节俭的”；C选项economy“经济，节约”；D选项economics“经济学”。根据句意“由于罢工，政府正在敦促人们节约用电。”be economical with意为“节约使用某物”。选项B正确。13. 单选题He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and（ ） it in a single nod, a gesture boys used then for OK. when they were pleased.问题1选项A.shruggedB.tuggedC.jerkedD.twisted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。shrugged“耸肩”；tugged “用力拉，迅速地穿衣服”； jerked“猛拉”；twisted“扭动”。句意：他扬起眉毛，把头向前探了一探，猛地点头，这是男孩子们开心时表示“好”的动作。C项符合题意。14. 单选题In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play （ ） roles in raising children.问题1选项A.incapableB.indispensableC.insensibleD.infinite【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。incapable“不能的，无能力的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；insensible“昏迷的，无知觉的”；infinite“无限的，无穷的”。句意：在中国的家庭当中，祖父母和其他的亲戚在养育孩子方面起着必不可少的作用。B项符合题意。15. 单选题The medicine（ ） his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.activatedB.alleviatedC.mediatedD.deteriorated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。activate“刺激，使活动”；alleviate“减轻，缓和”；mediate“调解，居中”；deteriorate“恶化”。句意：这种药减轻了他的疼痛，但是没有治愈他的病。由but可知空格处所填词的内容性质与其相反，故B项正确 。16. 单选题Doctors are interested in using lasers as a surgical tool in operations on people who are （ ） to heart attack.问题1选项A.proneB.disposedC.infectiousD.accessible【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be prone to“易于，有 的倾向”；be disposed to“愿意，使易感染”；be accessible to“容易接近的，容易进入的”。句意：医生对于运用激光给心脏病人做手术很感兴趣。A项符合题意。17. 单选题（ ）energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.问题1选项A.AccumulatedB.GatheredC.AssembledD.Collected【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。accumulated“累积的”；gathered “聚集的”; assembled“组合的，安装的”；collected“收成全集的，合订的”。句意：地下累计的能量一定会以某一种形式释放，比如地震。A项符合题意。18. 单选题Many people are asking whether traditional research universities in fact have any future（ ）.问题1选项A.at allB.so farC.in allD.on end【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。at all“根本，究竟”；so far“到目前为止”；in all“总共，合计”；on end“竖着，连续着”。句意：许多人在询问，传统的研究型大学实际上到底还有没有前途。A项符合题意。19. 单选题Over the past ten years, natural gas production has remained steady, but （ ）has risen steadily.问题1选项A.consumptionB.dissipationC.disposalD.expenditure【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。consumption“消费”；dissipation“浪费，消散”；disposal“处理，支配”；expenditure“支出，花费”。句意：在过去十年里，天然气产量保持稳定，但是销量却稳步上升。A项符合题意。20. 单选题In spite of your living so far away we both hope very much（ ）.问题1选项A.your comingB.you to comeC.that you cameD.that you come【答案】D【解析】考查语法结构。hope后面一般不接宾语sb.，而是直接接to do sth.或that从句，由此可首先排除选项A和选项B；再根据句意“尽管你住得很远，但我们都希望你能来”。这里使用一般现在时即可，不用过去时，所以选项D正确。