2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及模拟押密卷41（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Thomas Edison, （ ） , seemed to be awkward in his childhood.问题1选项A.a great inventorB.was a great inventorC.a great inventor whoD.who as a great inventor【答案】A【解析】考查名词短语做同位语。整个句子结构完整，所以填空处为插入语，名词短语做同位语，所以选项A正确。2. 单选题In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force, and there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both side who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violenceas if it were a legitimate solution, like any other, what is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. But enforcement! If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos,at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is undermined by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around US. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this,we must learn about them： it is a simple exercise in communication,in exchanging information. “Talk,talk, talk,the advocates of violence say,” all you ever do is talk,and we are none the wiser.“Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk,he was none the wiser”. Possible? My lord,the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom; the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.Which can best replace the word “acute” (Line 1, Para. 1 ) mean （ ） .2.What does the author intend to convey in the first paragraph?3.What does the author think of our energy and strength?4.What do truly reasonable men advocate to solve the problem of race prejudice?5.According to the author, whats the prerequisite of peaceful co-existence between the races?问题1选项A.intelligent and quick to notice and understand thingsB.having a sharp end or pointC.very sensitive and well developedD.serious or severe问题2选项A.Violence leads to nowhere but making things worse.B.Violence is the root of evils.C.Violence is what humankind resents most.D.Violence can be eliminated sooner or later.问题3选项A.They are wasted and might be well directed and achieve more meaningful results.B.They are already constructive and well directed and will fulfill a stable society.C.They will work only with coordinated efforts.D.They will work like magic on the solution of racial prejudice.问题4选项A.Law enforcement.B.Knowledge.C.Nonviolence.D.Eliminating violence mess.问题5选项A.Mutual understanding.B.Mutually cooperative.C.Learning from each other.D.Bridging the misunderstanding gap between races customs.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.根据后半句“.violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.”因此，人们理所当然地认为暴力是解决分歧的一种手段，甚至没有人对它提出质疑。说明这是很严重的种族歧视。选项D符合原文。2.根据第一段的内容可知，作者指出人们对暴力解决问题的麻木和无知，意在告诉人们暴力不仅无法解决问题，甚至可能让事情变得更糟糕。选项A符合原文。3.根据第四段的倒是第三句“ In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program.在指导得当的情况下，实现一个稳定的社会计划的理想并非不可能。选项A符合原文。4.根据第四段的第二句“They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.”选项A正确。5.根据第五段的第一句“Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems.”在我们开始考虑种族之间的和平共处之前，我们必须了解彼此的问题。也就是说消除种族习俗之间的误解。选项D符合原文。3. 单选题USA is one of the Powers in the world, but its a(n) （ ） that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people.问题1选项A.paradoxB.prejudiceC.dilemmaD.conflict【答案】A【解析】paradox悖论, 自相矛盾的人或事；prejudice偏见；dilemma困境；conflict冲突, 矛盾。句意：美国是世界大国之一, 但在如此富裕的国家却有如此多的穷人, 这是一个悖论。4. 单选题It is very strange but I had an （ ） that the plane would crash.问题1选项A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.incentive【答案】B【解析】inspiration启发灵感的人（或事物）, 灵感;intuition直觉, 直觉力；imagination想象力;incentive动机。句意：这很奇怪, 但是直觉告诉我这架飞机会坠毁。5. 单选题No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such virtue.The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better一or worsepart of my life. Being rich wouldnt be bad either, but that wont happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land leaving me millions of dollars.Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when People refrain from eating, and excessive eating is one of Christianitys seven deadly sins. However until quite recently, most People had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being.Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fator even only somewhat overweightis bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel diseases. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problemtoo much fat and a lack of fiberthan a weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who get (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. Thinness can be pure vainglory.1.Swept by the prevailing trend, the author （ ） .2.In the eyes of the author, an odd phenomenon nowadays is that （ ） .3.In human history peoples views on body weight （ ） .4.Whats the authors advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?5.The author criticizes womens obsession with thinness （ ）.问题1选项A.has to go on a dietB.could still prevent herself from going off the trackC.has to seek help from rich distant relativesD.has to wear highly fashionable clothes问题2选项A.the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtue.B.looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortuneC.being thin is viewed as a much desired qualityD.religious people are not necessarily virtuous问题3选项A.were closely related to their religious beliefsB.changed from time to timeC.varied between the poor and the richD.led to different moral standards问题4选项A.They should be more concerned with their overall lifestyle.B.They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.C.They should gain weight to look healthy.D.They should rid themselves of fantasies about designer clothes.问题5选项A.from an economic and educational perspectiveB.from sociological and medical points of viewC.from a historical and religious standpointD.in the light of moral principles【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第二段的第二句“Consequently, I have been on a diet for the betteror worsepart of my life.”选项A正确。2.根据第一段的最后一句“Being thin is deemed as such virtue.”因此，作者认为当今社会一个奇怪的现象是, 瘦被认为是一种美德。选项C符合原文。3.根据第三段的最后一句话“In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being.”由此推断，人类历史上关于体重的观点与宗教信仰息息相关。4.根据最后一段的倒数第二句“It is actually hazardous if those who get (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle.”说明作者认为大家应该关注的是自己整体的生活方式。所以选项A正确。5.结合全文进行分析, 作者结合自身的经历与一些宗教关于体重的看法，从社会的角度对痴迷于瘦的观点进行批判， 文章的最后则从医学的角度讲述了健康的生活方式的重要性，以此来告诫那些痴迷于瘦的人们。所以，选项B正确。6. 单选题The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than （ ） .问题1选项A.the domestic marketer hasB.those of the domestic marketerC.the domestic marketer doesD.that which has the domestic marketer【答案】B【解析】这是一个比较从句, those在从句中替代activities。所以选项B正确。7. 单选题_ the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.问题1选项A.InB.AtC.OnD.With【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。at the sight of相当于on seeing.指一看见.就.。句意：那些人一看见警察就跑了。in the sight of sb.指在某人看来, 不符合句意。所以本题选B。8. 单选题To a highly imaginative writer, （ ） is a pad of paper and a pen.问题1选项A.all are requiredB.all which is requiredC.all is requiredD.all that is required【答案】D【解析】句意：对于一个富有想象力的作家来说, 他需要的只是一张纸和一支笔。首先排除选项A和C, 句子中不能同时出现两个谓语动词。that在这里引导同位语从句。9. 单选题A drunk man walked in, _ in appearance.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。repulsive排斥的，令人厌恶的； reluctant不情愿的，勉强的；reproachful责备的；reputed名誉好的。句意：一个醉汉走进来了, 他看起来让人厌恶。10. 单选题His_ in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.问题1选项A.indulgenceB.habitC.actionD.engagement【答案】A【解析】indulgence嗜好，放纵，沉溺；habit习惯，嗜好；action行动，活动；engagement婚约，诺言。句意：沉溺于赌博最终导致了他的毁灭。indulgence in sth.指放纵, 任性（的习惯），选项A符合句意。11. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.The crux of the problem is: young people, being at the start of their own career and having to exert themselves to the utmost all the time, are always under the greatest stress and severest strain. The middle-aged people, on the other hand, having accomplished whatever they have, may relieve themselves of their load, and start to enjoy a quiet and leisurely life unburdened with any ambitions and away from the storms of life. Consequently, middle-aged persons quickly lapse into indolence. Most famous works that appeared in the past centuries, including the present, were written by authors around 30. Works with any creativeness seldom came from the pen of Chinese authors over 40, except autobiographies and notes by way of annotation. But for writers abroad, age does not seem to affect their energy or imagination at all. Some literary celebrities did not start their career until after 40.Because of various reasons, the life span of us Chinese used to be very short. Hence the old saying “mans life from old has rarely reached seventy. ” Therefore the middle-age period was much earlier, and men of letters very early in their lives became “old” and conservative psychologically.【答案】问题的核心是：年轻人正处于事业初创阶段, 必须时刻尽力发挥自己, 由此其总是面临莫大的压力, 受到的伤痛也极为严重。而中年人已经取得他们所要的一切, 可以卸下重负, 开始享受安静、惬意的生活, 这生活没有任何雄心壮志, 也远离生活的狂风暴雨。结果, 中年人很快就懒惰起来。自上世纪到目前的许多著名作品, 其作者都在30岁左右。40岁以上的中国作家极少能写出创意作品来, 当然有注解的自传和说明除外。但对国外作家而言, 年龄问题似乎丝毫不会影响其想象力。一些文学大家常常是到40岁之后才开始文学创作。由于种种原因, 过去中国人的寿命往往很短。由此产生了一句古话：“人生七十古来稀”。因此中年这一阶段就大大提前了, 而名人则很早就“变老”了, 心理上也开始保守起来。12. 单选题The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expected increased tax （ ） .问题1选项A.efficiencyB.revenuesC.privilegesD.validity【答案】B【解析】efficiency效率;revenue收入, 税收;privilege特权, 特免;validity有效性, 合法性。句意：城镇规划局表示, 下一年的财政前景是乐观的, 他们期望能够增加税收收入。13. 单选题She took him （ ） and led him across the road.问题1选项A.by his handB.by the handC.with handD.with the hand【答案】B【解析】take sb. by the hand为习惯搭配, 意为牵着某人的手。14. 单选题I guess Jones didnt have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his （ ） .问题1选项A.candidateB.opponentC.alternativeD.participant【答案】B【解析】candidate候选人, 候补者；opponent对手；alternative替代者；participant参与者。句意：我认为Jones没有机会赢得选举。城里几乎所有的人都把票投给他的对手了。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, （ ） schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.问题1选项A.compellingB.forcedC.obligedD.compulsory【答案】D【解析】compulsory schooling指义务教育, 为习惯用法。compelling引人注目的；forced强迫的；obliged感激的, 有责任的；compulsory义务的, 必修的。句意：和在英国其他地方一样, 苏格兰的义务教育从5岁开始, 到16岁结束。选项D正确。16. 单选题Do governments really assign and enforce property rights? Despite the fact that Registries of Deeds now record land ownership of every square inch of North American territory, it is obvious: hat these rights have not always existed. 1In 1785, the U.S. Congress was busily assigning unclaimed land to the construction of public schools in the Northwest Territory; later to the construction of railroads in the West. Today, most land is claimed, but national governments and international agencies alike are busily creating new rights in other types of scarce resources such as the electromagnetic spectrum or the geostationary arc.2The electromagnetic spectrum, popularly called the airwaves, is an immense range of frequencies (radio waves, microwaves, visible light, X-rays, gamma rays, and more) that are converted by many for voice communication, navigation, data transmission, and the like. Almost all currently available frequencies are being used by someone, and the unchecked arrival of new users would lead to serious overcrowding and bad reception for all. But new arrivals keep coming and thus create an airwaves gridlock. These would-be users include the obvious: AM and FM radio stations as well as VHF and UHF television companies. They include people engaged in airplane, boat, car, and railroad communications, and others building cellular phone companies and satellite navigation systems. 3They also include energy companies wanting to relay safety information from remote pipeline monitors, makers of high-definition television, and scientists with radio telescopes waiting for messages from extraterrestrials. Most of all, they include the users of millions of gadgets, such as baby monitors, cordless phones, garage door openers, pagers, TV remote controls, and ultrasonic denture cleaners. The jammed airwaves problem came.to a head in 1990 when UPS, the largest private package carrier in the United States, decided to outfit its 55,000 trucks with radio receivers and transmitters so customers could be given up-to-the-second information about deliveries. The Federal Communications Commission allocated a frequency to UPS that had been used by ham radio operators, which caused many problems. The 170,000 member American Radio Relay League picketed federal buildings in major cities across the land. It deluged the FCC, the Congress, and the White House with angry letters, and it challenged the FCC action in court. Two congressmen quickly introduced the Emerging Telecommunications Technology Act. It would take 200 megahertz of spectrum from the military (in light of the end of the Cold War) and distribute this peace dividend to civilian users. President Bush, in turn, chided the FCC for practically giving away scarce frequencies and included in the 1991 budget $ 3 billion of revenue from selling a portion of the airwaves to would-be owners. 4While the FCC had been charging favored recipients nominal annual license fees, the average sales price of AM and FM radio stations in the 1980s came to $ 1.24 million, that of VHF and UHF television stations was $21.52 million. Sixty percent of these prices were attributable solely to the FCC license.1.The subject of this passage may be said to be ( ) .2.In Paragraph 1, the word spectrum means ( ) .3.If the author were delivering this passage orally, his or her tone of voice would probably be ( ) .4.Which of these statements would the author support?5.The last sentence in Paragraph 1 (Today, most.) suggests that the authors purpose is to ( ) .问题1选项A.the overcrowding of airwavesB.radio station ownership and sales pricesC.ownership rights to airwaves and spaceD.the geostationary arc above the equator问题2选项A.a part of a wholeB.a continuous rangeC.an optical instrumentD.a special quality问题3选项A.earnestB.abstruseC.amusedD.detached问题4选项A.Congressional action can easily solve the airwaves problems that are developingB.FM radio bands are not as jammed as AM bands.C.Airwaves gridlock is likely to become a major problem in the near future.D.World government bodies are likely to develop a control program for use of space.问题5选项A.describe a problemB.offer a solutionC.classify informationD.criticize【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据原文内容可知, 本文的主题是讲随着新用户的到来, 无线电波过度拥挤。并且在第二段花了大量的篇幅来举例说明, 第二段后半部分提到电波过度拥挤带来的问题。所以选项A更能概括原文主题。2.根据第二段的第一句“.is an immense range of frequencies.”电磁波谱, 通常被称为无线电波, 是一个巨大的频率范围。所以选项B正确。3.作者如果用口头表达这篇文章的话, 他的语气可能是 . earnest认真的；abstruse深奥的, 难懂的；amused愉快的；detached超然的。根据文章内容, 作者在很严肃的讨论电波拥挤造成的问题, 所以选项A认真的, 符合语境。4.根据第二段的内容可知, 电波拥挤的这个问题一直没有被解决, 所以在不久的将来可能会 成为一个大问题。选项C正确。5.根据第一段的最后一句可知, 今天, 大多数土地被要求拥有, 但各国政府和国际机构都在忙于在其他种类的稀缺资源, 以便创造新的权力, 比如电磁频谱或地球静止弧。但这个问题还是没有得到解决, 所以作者的目的在于批判政府机构的无能。选项D正确。17. 单选题It is unfortunate that the members of the committee do not （ ） in opinion.问题1选项A.coincideB.conformC.complyD.collaborate【答案】A【解析】coincide一致, 符合；conform符合, 遵照；comply遵守, 顺从；collaborate合作。句意：令人遗憾的是, 委员会成员没有统一意见。意见一致用coincide。18. 单选题This （ ） girl is Marys cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little SwedishB.Swedish little prettyC.Swedish pretty littleD.little pretty Swedish【答案】A【解析】考查多个形容词修饰名词时的词序。通常顺序是:限定词表示说话人评价的形容词表示大小、形状、