2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第54期

2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题中国人讲究“义利相兼，以义为先”。中非关系最大的“义”，就是用中国发展助力非洲的发展、最终实现互利共赢、共同发展。中方支持非洲人以非洲方式解决非洲问题，主张解决安全问题要标本兼治、综合施策。在工业、基础设施建设、投资和贸易便利化等领域，中非合作将为双方企业投资和贸易提供更多机会，从而提高非洲产业竞争力，弥补非洲基础设施缺口。在现代农业、绿色发展、减贫惠民等方面的合作，将促进中非企业分享先进技术和建立可持续发展模式，增强自主发展能力，提高公共治理水平。【答案】Chinese people pay attention to the phase of righteousness and concurrently to righteousness first. China-Africa relations the righteousness of the biggest boost Africas development is to use Chinas development, Ultimately achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. The common development of Chinas support of the African people in Africa way solve the problem of Africa, argues that to solve security problems to treat both comprehensive ShiCe. In the industrial areas such as infrastructure construction investment and trade facilitation, china-Africa cooperation will provide more opportunities for both business investment and trade, to improve industrial competitiveness, Africa gaps African infrastructure Green development in modern agricultureCooperation in poverty reduction and peoples well-being will encourage Chinese and African companies to share advanced technologies, establish sustainable development models, enhance their capacity for independent development and improve public governance.2. 单选题Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition of FMR-the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci-is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US$ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.” He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising-and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US $5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporation. “To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled-and won on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-color pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable.1. Naming his quest “Operation Columbus”, Ricci is confident that _.2. What is the main content of Riccis magazine FMR?3. Ricci tries to persuade the Italian corporations to help by _.问题1选项A.he will be as influential as ColumbusB.he will open up the American marketC.the Americans will associate his magazine with adventurous pioneersD.his magazine will be as memorable as Columbus discovery of America问题2选项A.Articles on culture, art and business.B.Articles and pictures about fashion.C.Pictures of works of art.D.Pictures of trendy items.问题3选项A.including them in Operation ColumbusB.showing them the staggering price tagC.comparing them to the Spanish sponsorD.arousing passionate patriotism in them【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第一句Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000.（瑞奇是如此的自信，以至于他将自己的探索命名为“哥伦布行动”，并将目光锁定在了发掘拥有30万读者的美国人身上）。前文说到瑞奇想在美国销售她的杂志，这里说到将目光锁定在30万读者身上，因此他是想打开美国市场。B选项“他将打开美国市场”，B选项正确。A选项“他将和哥伦布一样有影响力”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“美国人会把他的杂志和冒险先锋联系在一起”，无中生有，可排除。D选项“他的杂志将会像哥伦布发现美洲一样令人难忘”，文章并没有提到杂志的影响力如此之大，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段倒数第二句The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.”（瑞奇说，英文版将包括更多的美国作品，以帮助美国人克服“对自己艺术的自卑感”）。选项C“艺术作品的图片”，符合文章所说，为了克服美国人的艺术自卑感，因此C选项正确。选项A“关于文化、艺术和商业的文章”，不符合文章的内容，可排除。选项B“关于时尚的文章和图片”，文章并没有提到是关于时尚的文章和图片，也可排除。D选项“流行物品的图片”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句“To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”（他的宣传小册子上有这样一句话：“哥伦布要想在美洲登陆，必须借助西班牙的赞助。”“我们喜欢意大利人”）。D选项“激发起他们炽热的爱国主义热情”。因为在他的宣传册上有这样一句，必须得到西班牙的赞助，可推测这会引起意大利人民的自豪感，因此D选项正确。A选项“包括他们在哥伦布行动”，意大利伙伴并没有参与哥伦布行动，A选项排除。B选项“给他们看惊人的价格标签”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“将他们与西班牙赞助商进行比较”，并没有将两者进行比较，可排除C选项。因此正确答案为D选项。3. 单选题Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists. But in the first extensive analysis of the way that fellowships in science are awarded, which is published this week in Nature, Christine Wenneras and Agnes Wold, microbiologists at Gothenburg University, in Sweden, found that these factors matter as much as, if not more than, scientific merit.Peer review, the evaluation (often anonymous) of a piece of scientific work by other scientists in the same field, is central to the way in which science proceeds. Journals use it to help decide whether to publish papers and funding agencies use it when deciding to whom to award grants.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold analyzed the reviews of the 114 applications that the Swedish Medical Research Council received for the 20 postdoctoral fellowships it offered in 1995. Of the applicants, 46% were women, of the successful recipients, of the awards only 20% were women.In principle, of course, that might reflect their abilities. In practice, other factors seem to be at work.When the council gets a grant application, it is evaluated by five reviewers, on three measures: scientific competence, the proposed methodology and the relevance of the research. Each measure is given a score of between zero and four; each reviewers scores are multiplied together, giving a single score between zero and 64; and finally, the scores from the reviewers are averaged together, giving the total score.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold identified, after careful analysis, two factors that improved the scores significantly: being male and knowing a reviewer. In fact, the difference was so great that in order to get the same competence score as a man, a woman would need either to know someone on the committee or to have published three more papers than the man in Nature or Science. It is often joked that a woman has to be twice as good as a man to do well; Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold found that she would need to be, on average, 2.5 times as good on their measures to be rated as highly by reviewers. Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a male name.1. What is this passage mainly about?2. What is the other most important factor beside sex that may affect peer review scores?3. What does the author suggest by using “supposedly” in the last sentence?4. This piece of writing is most likely _.问题1选项A.Abuses in peer reviewB.Favoritism in granting fellowshipsC.A comparison of male and female scientistsD.Sex discrimination in the science world问题2选项A.ConnectionsB.Publication of papers in major science journalsC.Competence of the researcherD.Methods used by the research问题3选项A.It is no longer fashionable for women to write under male names.B.Bias against women still exists today.C.Women today are on an equal footing with men.D.Nowadays women do as well in science as men.问题4选项A.a news reportB.a research paperC.a lectureD.an argument【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，由题干可以定位到文章第一段，性别本不是评判科学的标准，但这个因素与科学价值同等重要，甚至更重要。D选项“科学世界中的性别歧视”，符合文章的内容大意，文章主要讲的是在科学界的性别歧视，D选项正确。B选项“同行评审中的弊端”，文章虽有提到这个内容，但不是文章的主要内容，因此可排除B选项。C选项“男性和女性科学家的比较”，文章部分内容有提到，但不是文章主要内容，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists（性与联系：这些都不是评判科学的标准，尤其是科学家），虽说如此，但在下文出现了转折，也就是说这两点是会作为评判标准因此可推测影响评判标准除了性别还有联系。A选项“联系”，符合文章内容。A选项正确。B选项“在主要科学期刊上发表论文”，文章说同行评议是为了帮助决定是否发表论文，可排除B选项。C选项“研究人员的能力”，同行评议可能会反映个人能力，能力的高低并不会成为决定性因素，可排除C。D选项“研究采用的方法”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a male name.（在这种情况下，有抱负的女性或许应该回到一个历史悠久但被认为过时的传统，用男性的名字申请），因此可推测，对于女性的歧视，仍然存在。B选项“对妇女的偏见今天仍然存在”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“女性用男性的名字写作已不再时髦”，名字的表面内容并不是作者想表达的，因此A选项可排除。C选项“今天妇女与男子处于平等地位”，妇女和男子不可能处于平等地位，因此C选项可排除。D选项“现在女性在科学领域的表现和男性一样好”，文章所说，妇女要表现得好于男性的2.5倍才可能达到男性的待遇，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干这篇文章最有可能是，通读全文，可以推测这篇文章最有可能为一则新闻报道。A选项“一则新闻报道”正确。B选项“研究论文”，根据文章内容来看，论文需要更严谨，因此可排除B选项。C选项“一堂讲座”，讲座的内容需要更口语化，因此也可排除C选项。D选项“一场辩论赛”，文章没有体现争论，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题A generation of e-mailing, followed by an explosion in texting, has pushed the telephone conversation into serious decline, creating new tensions between baby boomers and millennial-those in their teens, 20s and early 30s.Nearly all age groups are spending less time talking on the phone; boomers in their mid-5Os and early 60s are the only ones still yakking as they did when Ma Bell was Americas communications queen. But the fall of the call is driven by 18-to-34-year-olds, whose average monthly voice minutes have plunged from about 1,200 to 900 in the past two years, according to the research by Nielsen. Texting among 18-to-24-year-olds has more than doubled in the same period, from an average of 600 messages a month two years ago to more than 1, 400 texts a month, according to Nielsen.Young people say they avoid voice calls because the immediacy of a phone call strips them of the control that they have over the arguably less-intimate pleasures of texting, e-mailing, or Face booking. They even complain that phone calls are by their nature impolite, more of an interruption than the blip of an arriving text. The bias, against unexpected phone calls stems in good part from the way texting and e-mail have conditioned young people to be cautious about how they communicate when they are not face to face, experts, say.Deborah Tannen, a linguistics professor at Georgetown University who studies how people converse in everyday life, said older generations misinterpret the way younger people use their cellphones. “One student told me that it takes her days to call her parents back and the parents thought she was intentionally putting them off.” she said. “But the parents didnt get it. Its the medium.”The difference in communications preferences has created a palpable perception gap between young adults and their parents. Jane Beard, who coaches business leaders on public speaking, said that when her niece, Lindsay Spencer, 20, “is in classes at the University of Maryland, Ill never hear from her until she comes over to do the laundry. We text multiple times a day.”But Beard is understanding about the change in ways of conversing. Not all parents are quite that open to new ways. “My mom gets offended,” said Muggaga Kintu, 32, an administrative assistant at Walter Reed Army Medical Center who prefers texting or calling on his own time when hes not around patients. “She thinks I dont want to hear from her, and thats not the case. One day she called me when I was at work, and I told her, Instead of calling me, can you text me? What? You dont like to hear from me? You dont like the sound of my voice? She said.”1. Who drives the decline of telephone conversation according to the research by Nielsen?2. Why do the young people avoid phone calls?3. What do experts say about young peoples bias against unexpected phone calls?4. According to Deborah Tannen, the older generations should recognize that _.5. What can we conclude based on the experiences of Jane Beard and Muggaga Kintu?A. The less popularity of phone calls should arouse the youngs concern.B. Lives have changed fundamentally due to the change of communication.C. Answering a phone call causes great pressure on the young.D. Perception gap emerges due to different communication preferences.问题1选项A.Baby boomers.B.Millennials.C.18-to-34-year-olds.D.18-to-24-year-olds.问题2选项A.They feel they are deprived of control.B.They feel not intimate enough to have phone calls.C.They want to make shorter conversations.D.They fall victim to the neglect of phone calls.问题3选项A.It is because they are afraid that they may be seen as rude or intrusive.B.It roots in the way that e-mails and texts enable them to make more careful responses.C.They tend to make an appointment by texting before they call.D.They become less addicted to face-to-face communication.问题4选项A.their children are just too busy to replyB.its the medium that makes differenceC.children complain about the frequent callsD.they are intruding their childrens lives问题5选项A.their children are just too busy to replyB.its the medium that makes differenceC.children complain about the frequent callsD.they are intruding their childrens lives【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第三句But the fall of the call is driven by 18-to-34-year-olds, whose average monthly voice minutes have plunged from about 1,200 to 900 in the past two years, according to the research by Nielsen.（尼尔森公司的调查显示，18岁至34岁的年轻人是通话次数减少的主要原因，在过去两年中，他们每月平均通话时间从1200分钟下降到900分钟）。C选项“18到34岁的人群”，文章所说，18-34岁通话的人数减少，因此C选项正确。A选项“婴儿潮出生的一代人”，婴儿不能使用手机通话，因此A选项可排除。B选项“千禧之子”，文章只是说千禧一代的通话减少，但并不是主要原因。D选项“18到24岁的人群”，文章所说，这个时代的人，短信数量激增，因此也可排除D。因此正确答案为C选项。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第一句Young people say they avoid voice calls because the immediacy of a phone call strips them of the control（年轻人说，他们不喜欢打语音电话，因为电话的即时性使他们失去了控制权）。A选项“他们觉得自己被剥夺了控制权”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“他们觉得没有亲密到可以打电话”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他们想要进行简短的对话”，他们认为打电话是一种打扰，并不是简短的对话，C选项可排除。D选项“他们成了忽视电话的受害者”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为A选项。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句The bias, against unexpected phone calls stems in good part from the way texting and e-mail have conditioned young people to be cautious about how they communicate when they are not face to face, experts, say.（专家表示，这种对“意外来电”的偏见很大程度上源于短信和电子邮件的方式，这种方式使年轻人在非面对面交流时谨慎对待交流方式）。B选项“它的根源在于，电子邮件和短信使他们能够做出更谨慎的回应”，符合文章所说的内容，短信和电子邮件使年轻人有更谨慎的回应，因此B选项正确。A选项“这是因为他们害怕他们可能会被认为是粗鲁或侵犯”，A选项的情节过于严重，文章是说他们认为打电话是一种打扰，A选项可排除。C选项“他们倾向于在打电话之前先发短信预约”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他们不太喜欢面对面的交流”，这并不是造成他们对打电话的偏见的主要原因，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句One student told me that it takes her days to call her parents back and the parents thought she was intentionally putting them off.” she said. “But the parents didnt get it. Its the medium”.（“一个学生告诉我，她花了好几天时间给父母回电话，而父母认为她是故意拖延。”她说。“但家长们并不理解。它是媒介”）。B选项“这是不同的媒介”，父母和孩子对待打电话的观念不一样，孩子认为打电话属于一种媒介，父母却不理解，因此B选项正确。A选项“他们的孩子只是太忙了，没有时间回复”，文章并没有提到此内容，因此可排除A选项。C选项“孩子们抱怨频繁的电话”，文章没有提到孩子抱怨接电话，可排除。D选项“他们正在干涉孩子们的生活”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句The difference in communications preferences has created a palpable perception gap between young adults and their parents.（在沟通偏好上的差异已经在年轻人和他们的父母之间造成了一个明显的认知鸿沟）最后一段最后一句One day she called me when I was at work, and I told her, Instead of calling me, can you text me? What? You dont like to hear from me? You dont like the sound of my voice? She said.”（ 有一天她在我工作的时候给我打电话，我告诉她，“你能不能别给我打电话，发个短信给我？”“什么？你不喜欢我的消息吗？你不喜欢我的声音吗？”她说）。可推测年轻人与父母沟通方式上产生着差异。D选项“由于沟通偏好的不同，产生了感知差距”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“电话越来越少应该引起年轻人的关注”，从这两位的话语，并不能体现这个内容，可排除A。B选项“通讯方式的改变从根本上改变了人们的生活”，文中只是说父母和年轻人的通讯方式不一样，并没有从根本上发生改变。B选项可排除。C选项“接电话对年轻人造成很大的压力”，年轻人只是不喜欢接电话，并不是说接电话会让他们产生较大的压力。因此正确答案为D选项。5. 单选题Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we cannot afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable skills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking of “salable skills.” What skills are salable? Right now, skills for making automobiles are not highly salable, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills in teaching are not now as salable as they were during the past 20 years, and the population charts indicate they may not be soon again. Home construction skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates. Whats more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the course very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.A School that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lions den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedly salable skills, and cant make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough. Flexibility, an ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside of school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills.1. From this passage, we can learn that the author is in favor of _.2. The word “fluctuate” in the first paragraph most probably means _.3. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?4. According to the author, in developing a curriculum schools should _.问题1选项A.teaching practical skills that can be sold in the current job marketB.a flexible curriculum that changes with the timesC.a liberal educationD.keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market问题2选项A.remain steadyB.change in an irregular wayC.follow a set patternD.become worse and worse问题3选项A.A person with the ability to le