状语从句 (2)

状语从句状语从句 （Adverbial Clause）指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。(一) 时间状语从句1. when, while和as1) when的用法(1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。(2) when可用作并列连词，意为“在那时，在这时”，相当于and at this/that time。I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事，突然听到叫我的名字。He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the gate.他刚要走，有人敲门。We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.我们刚刚入睡，突然铃声响起来了。(3) when还可表“既然”。Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?既然你已经有了这么好的工作，为什么还要找新的工作？2) while的用法(1) while可表“当的时候”或“与同时(发生) ”，while从句中的动作应该是可持续的。They arrived while we were having dinner.他们来的时候，我们正在吃饭。(2) while表对比，意为“却，但是，然而”，用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别。That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.那个地区自然资源丰富，这个地区却一点也没有。(3) while可用来表“虽然，尽管”，相当于although/though。While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.尽管我理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你的意见。3) as的用法 表“(正当) 的时候”或“随着”。As time passed, things seemed to get worse.随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更加糟糕了。4) 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时，我碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。2. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcely . when . 和once (一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。Once she arrives, we can start.她一到，我们就可以开始。He said hed phone you the moment he got home.他说他一到家就给你打电话。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈就哭起来。注意：no sooner . than .; hardly/scarcely . when . 这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.= Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨了。3. till, until和not . until 1) till, until表“一直到”。主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式。You may stay here until the rain stops.你在这里可呆到雨停。2) till, until表“直到才”。主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，主句为否定式，从句为肯定式。I didnt learn to drive till I was thirty three.我直到33岁才学开车。3) till不可以置于句首，而until可以。4) not . until句型中的强调和倒装用法：It was not +until+时间状语或从句(从句不倒装)+that+主语+v(过去式)+Not until +时间状语或从句(从句不倒装)+did+主语+v(原形)+It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. (强调句型)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. (not until置于句首，主句要倒装)直到你告诉我，我才知道。4. before和since1) before可表“还未就，不到就，才，趁，还没来得及”或“以防”。before从句中谓语不用否定式。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Put that money somewhere safe before it gets stolen.把钱放在安全的地方，以防被人偷去。2) before的句型：It will be/was+时间段+ before从句。表“多久之后才”。It will be some time before we know the full results.再过些时候我们才能知道全部结果。3) since表“自从”。其主句多为现在完成时或现在完成进行时，从句多为一般过去时。I have written home four times since I came here.自从我来到这儿，我往家写了四封信。4) since的句型：It is/has been 时间段+ since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表“自从有多久”；若从句谓语为延续性动词，则表“自从结束/完成起有多久”。It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发以来有三年了。It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班有三年了。5. every time, each time, next time，the first time，any time，all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次；下次”等。Every time I meet her I always forget her name.每次见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。The last time I spoke to Bob he seemed happy enough.上次我根鲍勃说话的时候，他显得挺高兴。(二) 地点状语从句1. 地点状语从句可用where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引导。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。He would live with his grandfather anywhere she lived.不管他祖母住在哪儿，他都愿和她住在一块儿。2. 注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. (状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)你最好在有问题的地方做个记号。(三) 原因状语从句1. 原因状语从句可用because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that等引导。It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I went to town yesterday.我昨天是由于要去看我叔叔而进城的。We could have a joint party, seeing that your birthday is the same day as mine.既然你和我的生日在同一天，我们可以一起开个生日聚会。2. for虽然常常被翻译成“因为”，但它并不是用来说明一种原因，而是用来表示一种附带，或补充说明，或解释，或表示一种推理。for是并列连词，所连接的句子不放在句首。He must have done it by himself , for there was no one else in the room.那事一定是他一个人干的，因为屋子里没有其他人。(四) 目的状语从句1. in order that与so that 两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句一般置于主句之后。He drew a plan of the village so that she could find his house easily.他画了一张这个村子的草图，以便她会容易找到他的房子。In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们早早就出发去山顶了。2. for fear that与in case 这些从属连词本身带有否定意义，意为“以免，以防”，相当于so that.not.或in order that.not.。Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.带上你的伞，以防下雨。He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain.他带了一把伞，以防下雨。(五) 结果状语从句1. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有： so . that ., such that .。注意其结构形式：so+形容词/副词+that从句,so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句,so many/much/few/little+名词+that从句such a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句, such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此好，我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣得如此少，以至于不能养家。2. 当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是如此聪明的学生，他能解出所有的难题。3. 除结果状语从句外，too . to . (太而不能) ，enough to . (达到某种程度可以) ，so . as to . (那么以至于) 等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.=He got up too late to catch the bus.=He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起得太晚了以至于没赶上车。(六) 条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless (=if.not，除非) , so/as long as (只要) , in case (万一) , on condition that (条件是) , suppose/supposing (假设，如果) , provided that (如果) 等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard. (=if you dont study hard)除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。(七) 方式状语从句(七)引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。You look as if you need a rest.你看来好像需要休息。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.老妇人对那个男孩就像是自己的孩子。(八) 让步状语从句1. although/though (尽管，虽然) ,even though/even if (即使) ,although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。Although she joined the company only a year ago, shes already been promoted twice.虽然她一年前才加入公司，但是已经两次升职。Even if he had been here, I should have said the same thing.即使那时他在这里，我也会那么说的。(可用虚拟语气)2. as引导让步状语从句须倒装 as从句一般放在主句之前，须用倒装语序。从句中的表语(形容词、名词)、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。即：形容词/名词/动词/副词+as ( though )+。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。Much as I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。注意：though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although/while引导的从句只能用正常语序。3. whether . or . (不管还是) ；疑问词+ever与no matter 疑问词(不管；无论) 。Whether you like it or not, youre going to have to face him one day.不管你喜不喜欢，总有一天你必须面对他。Whatever (=No matter what) I suggest, he always disagrees.无论我提什么建议，他总是不同意。注意：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。You can take whatever you like. (宾语从句)(九) 比较状语从句1. 常用引导词：as (同级比较) , than (不同程度的比较)She is as bad-tempered as her mother.她和她妈妈脾气一样坏。The house is three times bigger than ours.这房子比我们的大三倍。2. 特殊引导词：the more the more ; A is to B what X is to YThe more you exercise, the healthier you will be.你越锻炼就会越健康。Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。状语从句练习1. Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that2. I took my driving license with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only3You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason_ you reach any decision.Aalthough Bbefore Cbecause Dunless4. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever5. One can always manage to do more things, no matter_ full ones schedule is in life.A. how B. what C. when D. where6. I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad.A. since B. until C. before D. when7. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, _ they might have.A. however difficultB. how difficult C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty7. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to.A. even if B. as if C. because D. before8. “You cant judge a book by its cover,” _ . A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying 9. _ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since10. Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails.A. sinceB. ifC. asD. while11. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise _ I am sitting.A. beforeB. until C. unlessD.where12._ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.A. As B. If C. Although D. Once13. Its said that the power plant is now _ large as what it was.A.twice B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice14. Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unlessB. until C. althoughD. since15. _I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. WhateverB.WheneverC. Whoever D. However16. _ you are familiar with the authors ideas，try reading all the sections as quickly as possible.ANow that BEver since CIn case DAs long as17Though Tom knew nothing about business，he succeeded _ other more wellinformed managers failed.Awhat Bhow Cif Dwhere18_hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.AWhatever BWhenever CWherever DHowever19_the Internet is of great help，I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.AIf BWhile CBecause DAs20Well，you can buy $20 tickets or $30 tickets，_you prefer.Awhich Bwhichever Cwhatever Dwhat21. It was a nice meal, _ a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since22. _ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While23. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD. A. whether B. after C. though D. until24. The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life. A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if25. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you. A whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever26. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help. A. after B. while C. since D. when27. It was April 29, 2001 _ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A. that B. when C. since D. before28. Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in waking him up.A. whether B. although C. for D. so29. As it reported, it is 100 years _ Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since30. No matter how _, it is not necessarily lifeless. A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be31. He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering. A. since B. as C. when D. than32. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _ the present one. A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as33. _ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A. It B. As C. Although D. Unless34. _ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post A. Since B. While C. If D. As35. He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture. A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that36. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with. A. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever37. Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever. A. as if B. in case C. while D. though38. Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise.A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as39. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult.A. once B. when C. if D. unless40. _ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problemC. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem41Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break _ she got to her office. A. since B. that C. when D. until42. John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since43. Today, we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what44. She had just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since45. My parents dont mind what job I do _ I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though46. You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as47. All the dishes in this menu, _ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless48. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. if B. when C. which D. since49._ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until50. Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because51. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after52. Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _ it rains or its very cold.A. since B. if C. unless D. until53. She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. ifB.unlessC. after D. when54. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A. that B. which C. when D. where55. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it.A. even if B. which C. where D. so that56.To live in honor，_he came from a poor family，was his ambition.Athough Bif Cunless Dhowever57After you have used the dictionary，please just put it back _it belongs.Ato whom Bto which Cwhat Dwhere58_the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator，the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west.AThat BWhen CWhere DThough59He was not really in the mood for anything _it dawned on him that it had not been his fault.Asince Bwhen Cafter Duntil60Experts are trying to work out a solution to save the miners _its too late.Abefore Bsince Cunless Dwhen61.The WTO cant live up to its name _it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.Aas long as Beven though Cwhile Dif62_studying abroad can be hard，it can broaden your understanding of the world.AIf BWhile CBecause DSince63.It is difficult for any of us to eat better，exercise more，and sleep enough，_we know we should.Aas if Beven if Cunless Dbefore64Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster _we basically change the way we live.Abut Balthough Cunless Donce65Dont look down upon Bob.He has his own advantages.Oh，yes._others are weak，he is strong.AIf BWhere CThough DWhen66.Mother was so angry at all_I was doing_she walked out.Athat；that Bwhat；that Cwhat；as Dthat；which67I thought the girl nice，pretty and honest _ I met her.Afirst time Bfor the first time Cthe first time Dby the time68It matters little who does it，_it is done，for you see，we are short of hands now.Aas soon as Bas far as Cas early as Das long as69.Whats your plan for this winter vacation?Ill take an express train to Shanghai for my holiday _ school ends.A. hurriedlyB. soonC. immediatelyD. since70Ill never forget such a beautiful place _ I spent my childhood there with my grandparents.A. because B. where C. which D. when.8