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八年级(下)Units 34单元重点回顾类别课标考点要求重点单词1.rubbish(n.)垃圾；废弃物2.fold(v.)折叠；对折3.sweep(v.)扫；打扫4.floor(n.)地板5.mess(n.)杂乱；不整洁6.throw(v.) 扔；掷7.neither(adv.)也不(pron.)两者都不8.shirt(n.)衬衫9.pass(v.)给；递；走过；通过10.borrow(v.)借；借用11.lend(v.)借给；借出12.finger(n.)手指13.hate(v.)厌恶；讨厌14.while(conj.)与同时；当的时候；而；然而15.stress(n.)精神压力；心理负担16.waste(n.)浪费；垃圾(v.)浪费；滥用17.provide(v.)提供；供应18.anyway(adv.)而且；加之19.depend(v.)依靠；信赖20.develop(v.)发展；壮大21.fairness(n.)公正性；合理性22.since(conj.)因为；既然(prep.,conj.& adv.)从以后；自以来23.neighbor(neighbour)(n.)邻居24.ill(adj.)有病；不舒服25.drop(v.)落下；掉下26.fair(adj.)合理的；公正的27.unfair(adj.)不合理的；不公正的28.allow(v.)允许；准许29.wrong(adj.)有毛病；错误的30.guess(v.)猜测；估计31.deal(n.)协议；交易32.relation(n.)关系；联系；交往munication(n.)交流；沟通34.argue(v.)争吵；争论35.cloud(n.)云；云朵36.elder(adj.)年纪较长的37.instead(adv.)代替；反而；却38.whatever(pron.)任何；每一39.nervous(adj.)焦虑的；担忧的40.offer(v.)主动提出；自愿给予41.proper(adj.)正确的；恰当的42.secondly(adv.)第二；其次43.explain(v.)解释；说明44.clear(adj.)清楚易懂的；晴朗的45.copy(v.)抄袭；模仿；复制；复印46.return(v.)归还；回来；返回47.anymore(adv.)(常用于否定句和疑问句末)再也(不)；(不)再48.member(n.)成员；分子49.pressure(n.)压力pete(v.)竞争；对抗51.opinion(n.)意见；想法；看法52.skill(n.)技艺；技巧53.typical(adj.)典型的54.football(n.)(美式)橄榄球；足球55.quick(adj.)快的；迅速的；时间短暂的56.continue(v.)持续；继续存在pare (v.)比较58.crazy(adj.)不理智的；疯狂的59.push(v.)鞭策；督促；推动60.cause(v.)造成；引起61.usual(adj.)通常的；寻常的62.perhaps(adv.)可能；大概；也许词性转换1.sweep(v.)扫；打扫swept(过去式 /过去分词)2.throw(v.)扔threw(过去式)thrown(过去分词)3.develop(v.)发展；壮大development(n.)发展4.ill(adj.)有病；不舒服illness(n.) 疾病5.fair(adj.)合理的；公正的unfair不合理的；不公正的(反义词)fairness(n.)合理；公平6.drop(v.)落下；掉下dropped(过去式 /过去分词)municate(v.)交流communication(n.) 交流8.clear(adj.)清楚的,易懂的；晴朗的clearly(adv.)清晰地pete(v.)竞争；对抗competition(n.)比赛；竞争10.usual(adj.)通常的；寻常的unusual 特别的；不寻常的(反义词)11.quick(adj.)快的quickly(adv.)快地12.relation(n.)关系；联系；交往relationship(n.)关系；联系13.argue(v.)争论；争吵argument(n.)争论；争吵14.proper(adj.)正确的；恰当的properly(adv.)正确地；适当地15.two(num.)二second 第二(序数词)secondly(adv.)第二；其次16.lend(v.)借给；借出lent(过去式 / 过去分词)borrow(反义词)借来；借用重点短语 1.频繁；反复 all the time2.吃惊地；惊讶地in surprise3.一就 as soon asthe minute4.向某人借某物borrow sth.from sb.5.把某物借给某人lend sb.sth. lend sth.to sb.6.为了做 in order to7.向某人提供某物provide sb.with sth.provide sth.for sb.8.介意某人做某事 mind sb./ones doing sth.9.依靠；信赖depend on10.照顾 look aftertake care ofcare for11.结果；因此as a result12.同意某人 agree with sb.13.允许某人做某事allow sb.to do sth. 14.和某人打架、吵架get into a fight with sb.have a fight with sb.fight with sb.15.快速查看；浏览look through 16.成功地发展；解决work out 17.和睦相处；关系良好get on/along with18.和某人争吵argue with sb.19.为某事争吵argue about sth.20.对某人友好be nice to sb.be friendly to sb.21.拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth.22.与某人交流、沟通communicate with sb.23.主动提供某人某物offer sb.sth.offer sth.to sb.续表类别课标考点要求重点短语24.主动做某事offer to do sth.25.向某人解释某事explain sth.to sb.26.把某物归还给某人give sth.back to sb.return sth.to sb.return sb.sth.27.回到某地return to sp.come back to sp.28.和某人竞争compete with sb.29.练习做某事practice doing sth.30.删除；删去cut out31.继续做同一件事continue doing sth.32.继续做另一件事continue to do sth.33.比较；对比compare with34.依看in ones opinion35.(做某事)是成功的be successful(in doing sth.)36.成功做某事succeed in doing sth.重点句子1._Could_ I go out for dinner with my friends？我可以和我的朋友们出去吃饭吗？Sure,that _should_be_ OK.当然,那应该可以。2._Could_ we get _something_to_drink_ after the movie？看完电影我们可以喝点东西吗？No,you _cant_.You have a basketball game tomorrow.不,你们不能。明天你们有一场篮球比赛。3._Could_you_please_ take the dog for a walk? 你可以遛狗吗？OK,but I want to watch one show first.好的,但是我想先看一个节目。4._The_minute_ I sat down in front of the TV,my mom _came_over_.我刚坐到电视前,我妈妈就过来了。5.For one week,she did not do any housework and _neither_did_I_.整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也没干。6.“_What_happened_？” she asked _in_surprise_.她惊讶地问道：“发生什么事了？”7.They should _spend_ their time _on_ schoolwork _in_order_to_ get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩进入一所好大学,他们应该把时间花在学业上。8._It_is_ the parents _job_to_ provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。9._It_is_not_enough_to_ just get good grades at school.只在学校取得好成绩是不够的。10._As_a_result_,he often _fell_ill_ and his grades dropped.结果,他经常生病,成绩也下降了。11._The_earlier_ kids learn to be independent,_the_better_ it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立,对他们的将来越好。12._Why_dont_you_ go to sleep earlier this evening？为什么你今晚不早点睡觉呢？13.You should call him _so_that_ you can say youre sorry.你应该给他打电话,以便你能向他道歉。14.I _found_ my sister _looking_through_ my things yesterday.昨天我发现我妹妹正在翻看我的东西。15._Although_ shes wrong,its not _a_big_deal_.尽管她做得不对,但也没什么大不了的。16.Hope things _work_out_.希望事情会好起来。17.You _are_afraid_of_ speaking in front of people.你害怕在众人面前说话。18.Your best friend does _not_ trust you _anymore_.你最好的朋友不再相信你了。 19.The tired children _dont_ get home _until_ after 7：00 p.m.疲惫不堪的孩子们直到晚上7点后才回家。20._I_dont_think_ thats fair.我觉得这不公平。语法1.could表示请求与允许(详见第二编P140)2.why dont you句型用于提建议3.连词until,so that和although(详见第二编P145)话题Unit 3 Chores and permission(家务和许可)Unit 4 Interpersonal communication(人际沟通)单元重难点突破could (八下Unit 3 P20) 【举例透析】Could you play the piano when you were 5 years old？你5岁的时候就会弹钢琴了吗？Yes,I could./No,I couldnt.是的,我会。/不,我不会。(could 是can的过去式,表示过去的能力。)Could you come here soon？你能快点来这里吗？Sure.当然。Could you please not close the door？你可以不关门吗？Im sorry.I have to.对不起,我不得不(关门)。(could表示礼貌的请求。句型： Could you？ Could you please？ Will you please？ 否定： Could you please not do sth.？)Could I use your bicycle？我可以用你的自行车吗？Yes,of course you can.是的,当然可以。注意：用Could I？表示请求对方准许时,对方回答不能用could,而要用can。对于这种请求的肯定和否定回答的常用语：肯定： Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem.否定： Certainly not./No,Im afraid not.(C)1.Could you please _ me when the World Cup ends? Sorry,I dont know _ about it.A.tell；something B.not tell；nothingC.tell；anything D.not tell; something(D)2.Could I watch TV?No,you _.You _ finish your homework first.A.couldnt can B.cant；canC.couldnt；must D.cant；mustneither (八下Unit 3 P19)【举例透析】She did not do any homework and neither did I.她一点作业都没有做,我也没有。He cant swim.他不会游泳。Neither can I.我也不会。They dont like it.他们不喜欢它。Neither does he.他也不喜欢。Im not tired.我不累。Neither am I.我也不累。(neither 情态动词/be动词/助动词 主语,是常见的倒装句型,表示“后者也不”。) Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不对。(neither可作形容词,表示“两者都不”,放在单数名词前。)Neither of them has/have a car.他们两个人都没有车。(neither可作代词,常与of连用,表示“两者都不。”)Neither my father nor I am interested in the film.我父亲和我都对这部电影不感兴趣。(neithernor 表示“既不也不”；连接主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。)(D)1.(2018达州中考)Why dont you get used to the life in Beijing?_ the crowded traffic _ the high living cost.The only reason is the badly polluted air.A.Not only；but also B.Either；orC.Both；and D.Neither；nor(C)2.Neither of my friends _ in Yibin.A.living B.to live C.lives D.are lived辨析borrow与lend (八下Unit 3 P20)【举例透析】Jack borrowed lots of money from his friends,but he never paid it back.杰克从他朋友那里借了很多钱,但是他从来没有还过钱。(borrow作动词,意为“借”,用法：borrowfrom向借,表示借入。)I lent that book to Lucy yesterday. I lent Lucy that book yesterday.我昨天把书借给露西了。(lend作动词,意为“借给；给予”,过去式lent,过去分词lent；用法：lend sb.sth.lend sth.to sb.,表示借出。)(B)I _ an interesting book from my classmate.Could you please _ it to me?A.borrowed；lend B.borrow；lentC.lend；borrow D.lend；borrowedin order to (八下Unit 3 P22)【举例透析】In order to finish writing his new book on time,he often stayed up late last year.为了按时写完他的新书,去年他经常熬夜到很晚。In order not to make a difference to his own health,he keeps on running every morning.为了不影响他自己的健康,他坚持每天早晨跑步。(in order to do sth.表示“为了”, 可用于句首或句中。否定结构为：in order not to do sth.)He keeps writing English diaries _in_ _order_ _to_(为了) learn English well.allow (八下Unit 4 P25)【举例透析】My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.我父母不允许我和朋友闲逛。(allow作动词,意为“同意；允许”,用法：allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事) I am not allowed to stay out past ten.我不被允许在外面待到十点以后。(be (not) allowed to do sth.(不)被允许做某事)(A)(2018孝感中考)Attention,please! Without permission,children are not allowed _ alone here.A.to swim B.swimmingC.swim D.swaminstead (八下Unit 4 P27)【举例透析】Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反,他看他想看的任何东西一直到晚上很晚。He is tired.Let me do it instead.他累了,让我来代替他做。(instead作副词,意为“代替；然而；相反”。位于句首或句末。)I walked to school this morning instead of taking the bus.我走路到学校代替乘公共汽车。I came instead of my brother.我代替我哥哥来的。Who would like to solve this problem instead of him？你想让谁来代替他解决这个问题？(instead of 介词短语,意为“代替；而不是”。后面接名词,代词,v.ing；位于句中。)(C)1.Its raining now.I would like to watch TV at home instead of _ soccer outside. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played(A)2.(2018安徽中考改编)May I use your computer,Mr.Black?Go ahead.I will use my iPad _.A.instead B.althoughC.since D.for辨析offer与provide (八下Unit 4 P27)【举例透析】The little boy offered his seat to an old woman on the bus.The little boy offered an old woman his seat on the bus.那个小男孩把他的位置让给了一位老妇人。(offer作动词,意为“提供”；用法：offer sb.sth. offer sth._to_sb.为某人提供某物He offers to help me with my homework.他帮助我做家庭作业。(offer to_do sth.主动做某事)The school provided food for the students.The school provided the students with food.这所学校为学生提供食物。(provide作动词,意为“提供”,出于某种责任和义务为某人提供某物；用法：provide sb. with sth. provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物)(D)It is not the parents job to provide you _ help all the time.You kids also need to offer help _ them sometimes.A.to；with B.for；toC.with；with D.with；to return (八下Unit 4 P28)【举例透析】She will return me the book tomorrow. She will return the book to me tomorrow.她明天将把书还给我。(return作动词,意为“归还；回”,用法：return sb.sth.return sth. to sb.还给某人某物)We returned to school at five.We went back to school at five.我们五点返回学校。(return togo/come back to,因此不再与back连用。)1.你必须将书按时还给图书馆。You must _return_ the books _to_ the library on time.(B)2.When did you _ to school yesterday?In the afternoon.A.return back B.return C.returned D.returned back高频话题写作指导烦恼与建议话题解读中学生处于特殊的成长时期,既没有完全脱离家庭的影响,又逐步形成了自己独特的人生观、世界观和价值观。所以,很多中学生都在学习或生活上存在一定的烦恼,如学习效率的提升、与家人及朋友相处等方面。另外,就一些具体的事例、朋友的烦恼等提出自己的意见或建议,也在生活中非常常见,所以这个话题的写作非常贴近中学生的日常生活,也是中考作文容易考到的一个话题(2018年内蒙古呼和浩特,2018年广西,2017年浙江宁波)。写作形式往往以书信或电子邮件为主。写作素材包常用作文开头语：1.My name is Mary.I am a middle school student from No.15 Middle School.(自我介绍)【试一试】今天我将把我的好朋友介绍给大家认识。_Today_Ill_introduce_my_good_friend_to_all_of_you._2.I have something annoying to tell you and hope to get some help.(have sth.to do有某事要做)【试一试】我有一些麻烦事要解决。_I_have_some_trouble_to_solve._3.Id like to hear from you about some of my trouble.(hear from收到某人来信)【试一试】昨天我收到了我叔叔的信。_I_heard_from_my_uncle_yesterday._常用作文中间语：1.I dont think my friends are friendly to me.(I dont think 从句,我认为不怎么样)【试一试】我认为我不会去参加那个舞蹈俱乐部。_I_dont_think_I_will_join_the_dancing_club._2.When I want to ask them questions on math,they often say they cant do it,either.3.My parents dont seem to care about me.(care about关心)【试一试】关心老人是我们的责任。_It_is_our_duty_to_care_about_the_old._4.My cousin took my school things without my permission and didnt return them.5.It made me very angry.6.We often fight with each other for something meaningless.7.I dont know what to do.常用作文结束语：1.Could you please give me some advice?2.Would you help me to solve this mess?3.Can you tell me the way to get rid of my trouble?典例剖析(原创题)小军是一名中学生。最近他非常沮丧,因为他认为他的父母对他学习上要求过于严格。假如你是小军,请写一封信给老师Mr.Wang述说你的烦恼。要点：1.最近很不开心；2.父母对自己很严格,成绩好就满意,成绩不理想就对自己非常担忧,给自己很大的压力；3.希望得到老师的帮助。要求：词数90词左右。语意通顺,意思连贯,注意书信格式。【审题指导】这是一篇书信形式的作文。写作时必须包含要求中提到的三点,可适当发挥。全文在写作时以一般现在时结合一般过去时为主,以第一人称的口吻进行叙述。【写作导图】【参考范文】Dear Mr.Wang,Im Xiaojun,one of your students.I am very upset these days.My parents are usually quite strict with me.When I get good grades,we are all happy. But last week,I failed my math exam,and my parents were so worried that the world seemed to be its end.They give me too much pressure on my study.I dont know what I should do.Can you give me some suggestions? Thank you very much.Yours, Xiaojun【名师点评】本文的亮点之处有：1.格式正确；2.用语准确生动,使用了短语be strict with sb.; seem to do; sothat句型以及when引导的状语从句；3.叙事清楚,要点全面覆盖,并有一定的拓展。模拟写作(2019预测)某校心理辅导老师Mr.Wang收到一封来自学生小军的来信。在信中小军倾诉了自己的烦恼。请根据所给信息,给小军写一封回信。要点：1.感谢小军的来信和信任；2.继续努力学习、保持与父母的沟通；3.进行一定的身体锻炼,保持良好的心态。要求：1.90词左右；2.可适当拓展；3.内容完整,语言流畅；4.所给的开头和结尾不计入总词数。Dear Xiaojun,Thanks a lot for your letter and your trust.You told me about your problem,and I think its common between parents and teenagers.First,I think your parents really care about you,so they are strict with you.Thats not a bad thing,right? I believe you can work harder next time and communicate with your parents more.You can show them that you have tried your best on your study.I think they will understand.Also,do some sports when you are free,it can make you feel relaxed and study better.I think you can deal with it well.Cheer up,kid！Yours, Mr.Wang直 击 中 考一、单项选择。(D)1.(2018眉山中考)Would you like to go to the city park?Im not sure.If Mike doesnt,_.A.neither I do B.neither do I C.neither I will D.neither will I (C)2.(2018通辽中考改编)Students _ to the library after school.A.allow to go B.are allowed goingC.are allowed to go D.allow going(B)3.(2018安徽中考)Its said that shopping online is safe._.Youd better be careful.A.I agree B.That dependsC.I think so D.No problem(C)4.(2018安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game _ Class Three.A.of B.in C.against D.from 二、(2018滨州中考改编)阅读理解。On April 2,we said goodbye to Tiangong I,Chinas first space lab.According to the China Manned Space Agency(中国载人航天),Tiangong I reentered the Earths atmosphere(大气层) and some of its debris(碎片) fell into the South Pacific Ocean.There are many spacecraft(宇宙飞船) that are still in orbit(轨道) above the Earth.After finishing their trips,they will all reenter the Earths atmosphere like Tiangong I.There are two types of reentries：controlled reentry and uncontrolled reentry.Some satellites and manned spacecraft come back to the Earth in a controlled reentry.Experts calculate(计算) the path of the falling spacecraft and its speed.They can guide the spacecraft to fall in a chosen area.Some spacecraft may have problems while in space after a certain amount of time.These spacecraft come back in an uncontrolled reentry.It is hard to tell when and where these spacecraft will fall until the last few hours.The US space station Skylab came back partially uncontrolled in 1979.Parts of the station fell in western Australia,but no one was hurt.During reentry,most of the spacecraft will burn up while passing through the Earths atmosphere.Only a small amount of the debris will reach the ground.The debris typically ends up falling into the ocean,China Daily reported.(A)1.The debris from Tiangong I _.A.fell into the South Pacific OceanB.fell in western AustraliaC.fell in the central part of the USD.fell into the North Pacific Ocean(D)2.When the spacecraft finishes its trip,it will _.A.burn up and disappearB.speed up and fly back to the EarthC.enter another orbit and stay in spaceD.reenter the Earths atmosphere(B)3.From the passage,we know there are _ types of reentries.A.one B.two C.three D.four(C)4.Which of the following is TRUE about the US space station Skylab?A.It came back in a controlled reentry.B.Some people were hurt by its debris.C.Parts of it fell in western Australia.D.It was directed to fall into the ocean.三、还原句子。阅读下面短文,把A、B、C、D四个句子填入文中空缺处,使短文内容完整、正确。1._D_ It can even be used to tell if a person is healthy,reported How Stuff Works.Diabetes(糖尿病),for example,can make a persons body smell like bad apples.Yellow fever(黄热病) smells like a butcher shop(肉店) and liver(肝) disease causes the breath to smell fishy.These smells all have to do with diseased cells(病变的细胞).A diseased cell releases different chemicals(化学物质) to a healthy cell.2._C_The smells of disease arent a new discovery.3._B_For example,a woman in Scotland noticed her husbands body odor was changing.It became more and more musky(有麝香味的) as his Parkinsons disease got worse.Scientists at Edinburgh University put her nose to the test,asking her to identify(识别) whether a group of people had Parkinsons disease.She identified 12 people as having the disease11 of them were confirmed(确诊) at the time,and another one developed Parkinsons disease eight months later!If some people can do such an amazing job of identifying disease based on smell,just think what dogs can do.A dogs sense of smell can be as much as 100,000 times more acute(敏锐的) than a humans.4._A_Several studies found that,out of 900 samples(样本),dogs were able to correctly identify prostatic cancer 98 percent of the them.They were even able to tell the differences between prostatic cancer and other types of cancer.How amazing!A.In fact,dogs are especially good at identifying prostatic cancer(前列腺癌).B.The real news is about using smell to find out disease.C.As these chemicals change,so do the bodys smells,especially the sweat(汗液),blood,breath and urine(尿液).D.Each person has his or her unique odor(气味).四、(2018福建中考改编)综合填空。阅读下面短文,根据单词、首字母、汉语和语境提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,要求意义准确、拼写正确。Lonnie Johnson always loved taking things apart(分开).He 1._sometimes_(有时) put them back together.Other times he made new things from different 2._parts_(part).He learned how to use tools from his dad.At 13,Lonnie put an old engine(发动机) on a homemade gocart.He loved driving it around.He dreamed of being an 3._inventor_(invent).By high school,Lonnie built a remotecontrol robot from some waste things.This 4._won_(win) him first prize at the Alabama State Science Fair.His friends called 5._him_ “The Little Scientist”.In college,Lonnie was an excellent student.After that,he 6._became_(成为) an Air Force officer,rocket scientist and business leader.7.But_ he never stopped inventing.You may have played with his most famous inventionthe Super Soaker,a kind of water gun.Lonnie got the idea for this toy while working on 8._another_(另一) invention.When he tested a homemade part in his bathroom,it shot water 9._across_(cross) the room.Today,Dr.Lonnie Johnson has more than 100 10._useful_(use) inventions.However,he still keeps trying new things.五、(2018哈尔滨中考改编)完成句子。阅读下面短文,根据题后要求完成句子。(A)My mother is fiftyfive_years_old.She retired(退休) just two months ago.After that,she was bored and didnt know what to do every day.(B)She was kind to us before,but recently she had_a_chip_on_her_shoulder. She often quarreled with my brother and me without any reason.Also,relations between my parents became difficult.(C)我妈妈遇到麻烦,不知道怎么应对它。My brother thought of a good idea to solve the problem.He bought her a new smart phone and taught her how to use WeChat(微信).My mothers life changed a lot from then on.No matter where she went and whatever she did,she always used it.She took photos with her new smart phone and always shared her photos in her friend circle to express how happy she was.As a result,she often did something by mistake.(D)gas,she,forgot,often,_to,_turn,_off,_the. And result,the food she was cooking usually got burnt.My father tried to stop her,but it didnt work.This afternoon,my mother prepared to make dumplings for dinner.(E)She_took_a_lot_of_ _pictures_in_order_to_post_them_into_her_f
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