2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第169期

2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.问题1选项A.advancedB.growingC.frontD.back【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。rear在句中是后面的，后方的；A选项advanced“高级的，先进的”；B选项growing“成长的”；C选项front“前面的”；D选项back“后面的”。句意：大脑后部不会随着年龄的增长而收缩，一个人可以在没有智力或情感能力的情况下继续生活。因此只有D符合。2. 不定项选择题Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury.Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity（湿度）, into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurricane will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.46. The eye of the hurricane is（ ）.47. Which of the following statements is true?48. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?49. The low-lying areas refer to those regions that（ ）.50. Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting ones house from a hurricane?问题1选项A.the powerful center of the stormB.the part that determines its directionC.the relatively calm center of the stormD.the center of low pressure问题2选项A.A storm surge is a dramatic increase in wind velocity.B.A hurricane watch is more serious than a hurricane warning.C.Falling air pressure is an indicator that the storm is increasing in intensity.D.It is safe to go outside once the eye has arrived.问题3选项A.How to Avoid Hurricane damageB.Forecasting HurricanesC.The dangerous HurricaneD.Atlantic Storms问题4选项A.close to the ground levelB.one-storey flatC.flat housesD.near to the lowest level of hurricane问题5选项A.taking out heavy thingsB.moving in light-weight furnitureC.equipping the house with stonesD.covering windowsHurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】46.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。从第三段倒数第二句The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane.（飓风眼是飓风中心相对平静和晴朗的天空区域）可知C项“风暴相对平静的中心”正确。A项“强大的风暴中心”与文意相反，排除；B项“决定其方向的部分”文中未提及；D项“低压中心”定位到原文第一段可知低压中心是飓风形成前的表现，故错误。47.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。从最后一段倒数第三句People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm.（生活在低洼地区的人们明智地撤离他们的房屋，因为风暴潮是一股巨大的水流，可能会随着风暴上岸。）可知storm surge是指水而不是风，所以A项“风暴潮是风速的急剧增加。”不正确。根据最后一段开头的描述，飓风可能登陆时先在一个较大的可能范围内进行hurricane watch,然后在可能着陆点hurricane warning，可以看出hurricane warning比hurricane watch更严重,所以B项“飓风监视比飓风警报更严重。”不正确。根据第二段最后一句People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.（当风眼来临时，人们如果走出房间会被风眼过去后的大风吹死），所以说在风眼来临时走出房间是不安全的）D项“风眼来临，出去是安全的”也不正确。通过排除法可知只有C项“气压下降表明风暴的强度在增加”正确。48.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。阅读全文，分别讲了飓风的形成、飓风的预报、面对飓风的防范措施、飓风的消亡，C项“危险的飓风”可以作为标题概括文章内容。A项“如何避免飓风的破坏”；B项“飓风预报”；D项“大西洋风暴”都只涉及到文章的一个方面。49.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。题干low-lying areas是指地势低平的地区，A项“接近地面”；B、C是指一层平房，D项“接近最低级别的飓风”。所以只有A项符合。50.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。从第三段第六行They should also try to hurricane- proof their houses by bringing in lightweight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows.（他们还应尝试从外部带入轻巧的家具和其他物品并遮盖窗户，以防飓风袭击他们的房屋）可知将轻的家具、物品带入房内，盖住窗户是预防飓风的措施，所以B和D正确，其中也暗含了选项A“取出重物”，因为将轻的物品放入房内也就意味着将重的物品带出房间，所以A也符合。C选项文中未提及。3. 翻译题There is nothing wrong, of course, with a countrys questioning its direction and wanting to preserve many of its traditional values. Moreover, Japan isnt likely to revert to the collusive(诡秘的) and anticompetitive policies of the past. The reform process has gone too far, and corporate behavior has changed too dramatically. But given the magnitude (巨大) of the fiscal and financial challenges ahead, even a slight slowing of the governments deregulatory efforts and private-sector restructuring could create an eventual disaster. Nows not the time for Japan to rest on its laurels.【答案】【参考译文】当然，一个国家质疑自己的方向，并希望保留许多传统价值观，这并没有错。此外，日本不太可能恢复到共谋的(诡秘的)和反竞争政策的过去。改革进程走得太远，企业行为发生了太大变化。但是考虑到大小(巨大)的财政和金融挑战，甚至略有放缓政府放松管制的努力和私营部门的重组可以创建最终的灾难。现在不是日本安于现状的时候。4. 单选题The brunt of the attacks upon this commander was borne by his younger brother. Scarcely had the smoke been cleared from the battlegrounds of Nanking when voices arose maligning the younger governor who had erred in reporting to the throne the death of his successor.问题1选项A.backbitingB.gossiping aboutC.spreading rumorsD.slandering【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项backbiting“诽谤；中伤”；B选项gossiping about“闲聊”；C选项spreading rumors“散布谣言”；D选项slandering“诽谤”；根据题目中的“voices arose”可知这个声音就是指的后面的内容，malign本意指的是“诽谤某人”，而在此处，题中的意思是“所出现的关于州长的谣言”。所以答案为C“传播谣言”。句意：非难指挥官的后果由他的弟弟承担了。诽谤年轻的州长在向君王报告他的继承人的死讯时犯错了的谣言一出现时，南京战场的硝烟便难以消散了。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题I didnt know it then, but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up.问题1选项A.harmfulB.persistentC.interruptiveD.characteristic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。disruptive在句中是“破坏性的，扰乱性的”；A选项harmful“有害的”；B选项persistent“持久稳固的”；C选项interruptive“中断的，阻碍的”；D选项characteristic“有特征的”，句意：我当时不知道，但这种颠覆性的阅读方式始于我捡到的第一本小说。因此只有C项符合。6. 不定项选择题We do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. (21)（ ）evidence shows, for example, that people who lived over three thousand years ago ate (22)（ ）fish. Stealing salt was considered a major crime at certain times in history. In the eighteenth century, for instance, if a person was (23)（ ）“stealing salt”, he could be put in prison. History reveals that about ten thousand people were put in prison during that century (24)（ ）stealing salt.In the modern world salt has many uses (25)（ ）the dining table. It is used in making glass and airplane parts, in the (26)（ ）of crops and in killing weeds. It is also used to make water soft, to melt ice on roads and highways, to make soap, and to (27)（ ）colors in cloth. Salt can be obtained in various ways, besides being taken from mines underground. Evaporation of salt water from the ocean or from salt water lakes or small seas is one of the (28)（ ）common processes for manufacturing salt. In Australia, it can even be taken from a “salt bush.” Yet, (29)（ ）it is obtained, salt will continue to play an important (30)（ ）in the lives of men and women everywhere.问题1选项A.AncientB.HistoricC.HistoricalD.Old问题2选项A.saltB.saltedC.saltingD.salty问题3选项A.arrestedB.caughtC.gotD.seized问题4选项A.asB.byC.forD.through问题5选项A.besidesB.beyondC.exceptD.over问题6选项A.bearingB.developingC.growingD.training问题7选项A.fastenB.fixC.preserveD.tie问题8选项A.littleB.manyC.muchD.more问题9选项A.howeverB.whateverC.wheneverD.wherever问题10选项A.dutyB.functionC.responsibilityD.role【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:C第7题:C第8题:B第9题:D第10题:D【解析】21.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查上下文和词语辨析。A项ancient“古代的”，B项historic“有历史意义的”，C项historical“历史的”，D项old“老的”。上文提到it has been used in many different ways throughout history（盐的使用方式在历史上有很多种），那么接下来的空格根据文章逻辑可知是表示“历史证明”，historical evidence表示“历史证明，史实”。故该题选C。22.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项salt“含盐的”，B项salted“用盐腌渍的，用盐调味的”，C项salting是salt的现在分词形式，D项salty“咸的；含盐的”。根据句子people who lived over three thousand years ago atefish（生活在三千多年前的人们吃鱼），结合上文提到了盐，可知空格是表示“咸鱼，腌鱼”；salted fish表示“咸鱼，腌鱼”。故该题选B。23.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析和语境。A项arrest“逮捕”，指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留；B项catch“抓住”，指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物，一般指活捉；C项get“得到”；D项seize“夺取，逮捕”，侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速抓住或捉住。根据句子if a person was. “stealing salt”（如果一个人被偷盐），可知空格是表示“抓住”；故该题选B。24.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查介词辨析。A项as“作为”，B项by“通过”，C项for“为，因为”；D项through“通过”。根据句子History reveals that about ten thousand people were put in prison during that centurystealing salt.（历史表明，在那个世纪大约有一万人被关进监狱偷盐。），可知空格是表示原因；故该题选C。25.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查介词辨析。A项besides“除了还有，另外”，B项beyond“超过”，C项except“除外”；D项over“完全覆盖，翻转”。根据句子In the modern world salt has many usesthe dining table.（在现代，餐桌上，盐还有许多用途），结合后文可知空格是表示“除了”；故该题选A。26.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A项bearing“承载，忍受”，B项developing“发展”，C项growing“成长”；D项training“训练”。根据空格处后面的crops（庄稼，农作物）可知，空格表达的是“庄稼的种植”；故该题选C。27.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项fasten“使固定”，B项fix“维修”，C项preserve“保存，维持”；D项tie“系牢，打结”。根据句子It is also used to make water soft, to melt ice on roads and highways, to make soap, and tocolors in cloth（它也被软化水，融化道路和高速公路上的冰，制造肥皂，以及给布料的颜色）可知，空格表达的是“保持颜色”；故该题选C。28.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项little“少的”，修饰不可数名词，B项many“许多的”，修饰可数名词，C项much“许多”，修饰不可数名词；D项more“更多”，多用于比较级。根据空格处前面one of the可知，如果空格处是最高级，应该是one of the most，more是比较级，没有one of the more这个用法，因此D项排除。little和much都是修饰不可数名词，但是空格处后面是processes，所以A项和C项也排除。句意：从海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸发盐水是制造盐的许多常见过程之一。故该题选B。29.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查连词辨析。A项however“然而”，B项whatever“无论什么”，C项whenever“无论何时”，D项wherever“无论哪里”。根据句子Evaporation of salt water from the ocean or from salt water lakes or small seas is one of the much common processes for manufacturing salt. In Australia, it can even be taken from a “salt bush”.（从海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸发盐水是制造盐的许多常见过程之一。在澳大利亚，它甚至可以取自“盐性灌木”。），结合前面提到的能够提取盐的地方，可知空格处应该是表示“无论在哪里获得盐”；故该题选D。30.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A项duty“责任”，B项function“功能”，C项responsibility“责任，义务”，D项role“角色”，固定搭配play a role in表示“在起作用”；句意：然而，无论在哪里获得盐，盐将继续在人们的生活中发挥重要作用。故该题选D。7. 单选题Before the construction of the road, it was prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across the mountains.问题1选项A.determinedlyB.incrediblyC.amazinglyD.forbiddingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。prohibitively在句中是“禁止地”，prohibitively expensive的意思是极其昂贵。A选项determinedly“坚定地，坚决地”；B选项incredibly“端地；令人难以置信地”；C选项amazingly“惊人地，令人惊讶地”；D选项forbiddingly“禁止地”。句意：在修路之前，把毛皮和水果运过山是非常昂贵的。根据选项词义，只有D项符合。8. 单选题Theory and science are nurtured in material environments, and application is a powerful（ ）to thought. In this respect he was a great planter of ideas.问题1选项A.encouragementB.spurC.driveD.driving force【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项encouragement“鼓舞”；B选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；C选项drive“驱动”，常用表达：a drive to sth，D选项driving force“驱动力，推动力”，常用表达：driving force for sth，跟后面的“to”不搭，可排除D选项。句意：理论科学是在物质环境中产生的，而应用则是思想的强力。在这方面，他是一个伟大的思想传播者。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题Between French friends, who have chosen each other for congeniality of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of arguments are the breath of life.问题1选项A.coexistenceB.coincidenceC.correlationD.compatibility【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。congeniality表示“同性质；适意”。A项coexistence“共存”，B项coincidence“巧合，一致”，C项correlation“相关，关联”，D项compatibility“兼容”。句意：对于因为观点一致而选择对方成为朋友的法国人来说，活跃的争论和激烈的论断是他们生活中不可缺少的东西。根据句意，该题选D正确。10. 单选题How successful people are in coping with a new culture（ ）a host of factors, such as ones primary culture and the specific behavior that is being modified.问题1选项A.are contingent onB.is contingent onC.contingent uponD.being contingent upon【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A选项are contingent on“是取决于”；B选项is contingent on“依而定”；C选项contingent upon“视而定”；D选项being contingent upon“被视作”。be contingent on“取决于，依赖于”。此外句子的主句是一个从句，即主语从句，所以谓语动词用单数。句意：成功人士如何处理一种新文化很多因素，如一个人的原始教育和即将修正的具体行为。因此B选项正确。11. 翻译题1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over 1 billion persons lack access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to adopt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.【答案】参考译文：水是一种有限的自然资源，是人们生活和健康的公共基本物质。水的权力是人类尊严的生活所必不可少的，是实现其他所有人权的先决条件。委员会一直面临着发展中国家以及发达国家对水的权力的普遍反对。超过十亿人缺乏基本的水供给，而数十亿人没有适当的卫生设施，而这是水污染和水有关的疾病的主要原因。持续的污染、损耗和水的分配不均加剧了目前的贫困状况。国家应该放下歧视，采取有效措施来实现水权。12. 不定项选择题Motorola Inc., the worlds second-largest mobile phone make, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for the computer board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.The company, long known for its top-notch（等级）engineering culture, is hoping to profit its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on” network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone business because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorolas phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the users whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.41. The word “slump” in the first paragraph may be replaced by（ ）.42. According to this passage, Motorola Inc.（ ）.43. Analysts dont think that（ ）.44. The technology supplied by Motorola is based on（ ）.45. Which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.slouchB.declineC.increaseD.stamp问题2选项A.is the worlds largest mobile phone makerB.is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone makerC.will only sell chips of the mobile phonesD.is going to sell all its manufacturing plants问题3选项A.Motorola will be successfulB.the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by its competitorsC.its competitors will want to buy the technology from itD.its mobile phones contain a variety of chips问题4选项A.Bluetooth featuresB.MP3 audio capabilityC.Global Positioning SystemD.GPRS standard问题5选项A.GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more.B.Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the cell phone.C.Previously Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips.D.Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】41.【试题答案】B【试题解析】词义辨析题。Slump “消沉、衰退、（物价）暴跌”，A选项slouch“懒散”； B选项decline “下降，衰落，消沉”；C选项increase “上涨，增加”，所以slump可以用B代替。42.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到第一段第四句is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals（试图成为竞争对手移动技术的中立供应商）以及最后一段第一句Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone business（伯吉斯表示，新业务不会与摩托罗拉自己的手机业务发生冲突），所以B项“正在努力成为一个移动技术提供商以外的移动电话制造商”正确。A选项定位到第一段开头Motorola , the worlds second-largest mobile phone make（摩托罗拉是世界第二大移动电话生产商），所以A项“最大的生产商”错误；从第一段倒数第四行but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint.（但这是该公司首次提供完整的芯片系列以及详细的蓝图）可知C选项“只卖手机芯片”错误；D选项“将出售所有的制造厂”文中并没有提及，所以排除。43.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。题目：分析学家认为不。第一段最后一句Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival （分析家说他们喜欢这一策略，但是对于竞争者是否会愿意从竞争对手手中购买技术这一问题持谨慎态度），C项“竞争者们想要从摩托罗拉购买这项技术”，符合题意。A项“摩托罗拉会成功的”；B项“摩托罗拉提供的技术将由竞争对手选择”；D项“它的手机里有各种各样的芯片”都不符合题干。44.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。从第二段第二句话Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next -generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard（摩托罗拉表示，将开始提供基于下一代GPRS（全球分组无线业务）标准的技术）可知D选项“GPRS标准”正确。A项“蓝牙功能”；B项“MP3音频功能”；C项“全球定位系统”文中均没有提及。45.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。从第二段最后一句GPRS offers faster access to data through always on network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve，rather than the length of download.（GPRS通过网络连接提供了更快的数据访问速度，客户只需按他们检索的信息收费，而不是下载的长度）可知顾客的付费应该是少了，而不是多了，所以A项“GPRS通过网络连接提供更快的数据访问，因此客户应该支付更多的费用”错误，符合题意；从第一段第二句开头The inventor of the cell phone（手机的发明者）可知B项“摩托罗拉公司是手机的发明者”正确；从第一段倒数第六行Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips（摩托罗拉此前曾向手机制造商提供过几款芯片）可知C项“摩托罗拉过去只向手机制造商提供部分产品它的芯片”正确；从第二段开头The company, long known for its top-notch engineering culture（这家公司长期以来以一流的工程文化而闻名）可知D项“摩托罗拉公司以其一流的工程文化而闻名”正确。13. 单选题Before the disastrous earthquake there was（ ）chaos.问题1选项A.massiveB.ominousC.suspendingD.imminent【答案】A【解析】考查形