2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷5

2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The guilty verdict was widely expected, although harsher than many had predicted.问题1选项A.juryB.crimeC.convictD.judgment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。verdict表示“结论，裁定”。A项jury“陪审团”，B项crime“罪行”，C项convict“罪犯”，D项judgment“意见，判断力”；句意：有罪判决是普遍预期的，尽管比许多人预期的要严厉。根据句意该题选D。2. 单选题Sometimes, while living in a foreign country, one craves a special dish from home.问题1选项A.desiresB.eatsC.preparesD.orders【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。crave表示“渴望，恳求”；A项desire“想要，渴望”，B项eat“吃”，C项prepare“准备”，D项order“命令，下单”。句意：生活在异国他乡时，有时会想吃家乡的特色菜。因此A项正确。3. 单选题_ was she in London than she rang up her old friend Jane.问题1选项A.No soonerB.As soonC.Only whenD.Rarely when【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。No soonerthan为固定用法，表示“一就”，故A项符合题意。B项as soon 和as搭配，表示“一就”；C项后面接句子，表示“只有当”；D选项没有这个用法。句意：她一到伦敦就给她的好朋友简打电话。故正确答案为A。4. 翻译题An individual human existence should be like a riversmall at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man, who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.【答案】参考译文：一个人的存在应该像一条河流开始是涓涓细流，被限制在狭窄的河岸之间，然后热情奔放地冲过岩石，越过瀑布。渐渐地，河面变宽了，河岸也远去，河水流动得更加平静。最后，它没有间断地融入了大海，而后便毫无痛苦地消失了自我。能够这样理解自己一生的老人，就不会因害怕死亡而痛苦，因为他所珍爱的一切都会继续存在下去。而且，随着精力的衰退，倦意的增加，长眠的想法并不是不受欢迎的。我希望死于尚能劳作之时，知道别人会继续我未竟的事业，一想到能做的事都做了，就感到满足。5. 单选题The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert, is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestrathat has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert, is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with me recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. Their recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference. Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the now audience it hopes to attract.46. We learn from Para. 1 that Gilberts appointment has _.47. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _.48. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers _.49. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?50. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels _.问题1选项A.incurred criticismB.raised suspicionC.received acclaimD.aroused curiosity问题2选项A.influentialB.modestC.respectableD.talented问题3选项A.ignore the expenses of live performancesB.reject most kinds of recorded performancesC.exaggerate the variety of live performancesD.overestimate the value of live performances问题4选项A.They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.B.They are easily accessible to the general public.C.They help improve the quality of music.D.They have only covered masterpieces.问题5选项A.doubtfulB.enthusiasticC.confidentD.puzzled【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】46.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“我们从第1段得知吉尔伯特的任命”。根据第一段第三行For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.（至少可以说，在大多数情况下，人们的反应是积极的）可知，人们对Gilbert的任命得到了古典乐界的一致欢呼，因此C项“获得好评”符合；A项“招致批评”，B项“引起怀疑”，D项“激起好奇心”均错误，故该题选C。47.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“Tommasini认为吉尔伯特作为艺术家是”。第二段第三行提到an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him（一个朴实的音乐家，没有那种令人敬畏的指挥家的气质），由此可知Tommasini 认为Gilbert是一个朴实无华、低调的音乐家，故B项“谦虚的”符合题意；A项“有影响力的”，第二段第一句提到however, is that Gilbert, is comparatively little known（相对而言，吉尔伯特鲜为人知），Gilbert鲜为人知又怎么会有影响力，所以该项错误；C项“受人尊敬的”和D项“有天赋的”文章未提及，故该题选B正确。48.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“作者相信忠实的音乐观众是”。第四段提到Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.（忠实的音乐会观众回答说，录音不能代替现场表演，他们错过了这一点），由此可知，作者认为忠实的音乐会参会者们对现场音乐表演有着过高的评价。故D项“高估现场表演的价值”符合题意；A项“忽略现场表演的费用”不是作者想表达的意思；B项“拒绝大多数录制的表演”，文中只是提到了相比录音，忠实的音乐会观众会更倾向于现场表演，没有提到他们拒绝大多数录制的表演，有点过度解读了；C项“夸大了现场表演的多样性”没有提到；故该题选D。49.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节判断题。题干的意思是“根据文章，关于录音下列哪项是正确的?”。第四段倒数第二句提到Their recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances（他们的唱片很便宜，到处都能买到，而且往往比今天的现场表演的艺术质量要高得多），由此可推知，因为唱片便宜且质量比现场表演要高，大众更容易接受，因此A项“它们的质量往往不如现场音乐会”排除，B项“它们很容易为公众所接受”符合题意；C项“它们有助于提高音乐的质量”，文中没有提到有助于提高音乐质量，只是说比现场表演质量高得多，这是偷换概念，因此该项错误；D项“它们只包括大师作品”未提及；故该题选B。50.【试题答案】A【试题解析】作者态度题。题干的意思是“对于吉尔伯特在振兴Philharmonic乐团中所扮演的角色，作者觉得”。根据文章最后两句But what will be the nature of that difference. Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the now audience it hopes to attract.（但这种差异的本质是什么呢？仅仅扩大乐团的演奏曲目是不够的。如果吉尔伯特和Philharmonic乐团要想成功，他们必须首先改变美国最古老的管弦乐团和它现在希望吸引的观众之间的关系）可知，虽然Gilbert很有才华和能力，但是要想复兴交响乐团这是不够的，还需要改变古典交响乐和当下听众的关系，表明作者对Gilbert是持怀疑的态度，因此A项“怀疑的”符合题意；B项“热情的”，C项“自信的”和D项“迷惑的”均不符合，故该题选A。6. 单选题I wont have a whisky, thank you. Its not that I dont drink, _ that I dont drink and drive.问题1选项A.but ratherB.but alsoC.exceptD.otherwise【答案】C【解析】考查句子逻辑。前面和后面构成转折关系。A项but rather“而是，相反地”表示对比；B项but also“并且”表示强调；C项except“除了”，except that“只可惜，除了之外”表示转折；D项otherwise“否则”，一般是作为副词来使用，连接并列分句。句意：我不要威士忌，谢谢。不是我不喝，只可惜我不能喝，要开车。根据句意，正确答案为C。7. 单选题The acoustics of most of the cinema halls in the suburban districts _ deplorable.问题1选项A.is to beB.are to beC.isD.are【答案】D【解析】考查主谓单复数一致。Acoustics作单数，意思是“声学”，作复数用时，意思是“声音效果，音响设备”。句意：郊区大多数电影院大厅的音响效果很差。A项和B项表将来时，因此排除；根据句意这里的acoustics表示“音响设备”因此要用复数are，排除C项，故该题选D。8. 单选题“More haste, less speed” is saying two opposite things.问题1选项A.an eppeB.a questC.a paradoxD.a clue【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。opposite things表示“相反的事情”；A项eppe“击剑运动用的重剑”，B项quest“追求”，C项paradox“悖论，反论”，D项clue“线索”。句意：“欲速则不达”是两种截然相反的说法。因此C项正确。9. 单选题Owing to the unpredictable weather, the arrangements are subject to change.问题1选项A.supposedB.aboutC.liableD.bound【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。Be subject to表示“有倾向，受支配”；A项be supposed to“被期望，应该”，B项be about to“即将，刚要”，C项be liable to“有倾向，易于”，D项be bound to“必然，一定要”。句意：由于天气变化莫测，安排可能会有所改变。因此C项正确。10. 填空题Directions: Below is a passage about climate change. Read the passage then fill in each gap with ONE word from the box below the passage. Write your answers in the spaces on the ANSWER SHEET. The first one has been done as an example.Volcanoes May Be Slowing Down Climate ChangeThe planet hasnt been warming as much as climate models predicted and it could be that sulfur emissions from volcanoes are blocking sunlight, cooling the Earth. Small volcanic eruptions might be part of the reason why the pace of global warming hasnt kept up with previous 66 a new study published in Nature. Eruptions of at least 17 volcanoes since 2000, including Kasatochi in Alaska and Merapi in Indonesia, seem to have had a cooling influence on the temperature of the Earths surface and _ 67 atmosphere. In the past, researchers observed increases in levels of greenhouse gases and in global warning, but for the past 15 years the Earths surface temperatures have shown 68 little warming. This so-called hiatus puzzled researchers around the globe have been working to understand this phenomenon. “The hiatus is a fascinating detective story, says the lead author of the study. “What we show is that even without any computer model calculations there is a clear 69 of these early volcanic activity having effects on temperatures and on the reflected sunlight of the atmosphere,” says the lead of the study. Research shows that large volcanic eruptions inject sulfur dioxide gas into the stratosphere. The gas forms tiny droplets of sulfuric acid, also known as “volcanic aerosols,” that can block sunlight. That cooling effect has been largely 70 by climate scientists until now, but it seems to partly offset the warning from human-caused changes in greenhouse gases.【答案】66.predictions67.lower68.relatively69.signal70.ignored【解析】66.考查上下文语境。根据The planet hasnt been warming as much as climate models predicted（地球并没有像气候模型预测的那样变暖）中的predicted可知此处应该是predictions. 句意：自然杂志上发表的一项新研究表明，小型火山爆发可能是全球变暖速度没有跟上之前预测的一致的部分原因。67.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个形容词。选项中能与atmosphere搭配的形容词是lower，influence on the temperature of the Earths surface and lower atmosphere（对地球表面和低层大气的温度的影响）符合句意。68.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个程度副词修饰little表示“相当小”。根据句子In the past, researchers observed increases in levels of greenhouse gases and in global warning, but for the past 15 years the Earths surface temperatures have shownlittle warming.（在过去，研究人员观察到温室气体水平的增加和全球变暖，但在过去的15年里，地球表面的温度几乎没有显示出相当小的变暖迹象），可知应该填入relatively程度副词。69.考查句子结构和语法。前面有不定冠词a和形容词clear, 此处应该填入一个单数名词，选项里面只有signal符合。句意：我们所展示的是，即使没有任何计算机模型计算，也有明确的信号表明，这些早期的火山活动对温度和大气反射的阳光产生了影响。70.考查句子结构和语态。根据has been largely by判断，这里是一个被动语态，需要填动词的过去分词，选项里面只有ignored是过去分词。句意：到目前为止，这种降温效应在很大程度上一直被气候科学家所忽视。11. 单选题The decision of the Supreme Court, was that the government had used its power too liberally under the Smith Act.问题1选项A.broadlyB.expensivelyC.deceptivelyD.freely【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。liberally表示“自由地”；A项broadly“明显地，宽广地”，B项expensively“昂贵的”，C项deceptively“看似，不像看上去那么”，D项freely“自由地”。句意：最高法院的裁决是，政府在史密斯法案下滥用了自己的权力。因此A项正确。12. 翻译题The United States is a common law country. Every U.S. state has a legal system based on the common law, except Louisiana. Common law has no statutory basis; judges establish common law by applying previous decisions (precedents) to present cases. Although typically affected by statutory authority, broad areas of the law, most notably relating to property, contracts, and torts, are traditionally part of the common law. These areas of the law are mostly within the jurisdiction of the states, and thus state courts are the primary source of common law. Federal common law is relatively narrow in scope, being limited primarily to clearly federal issues that have not been addressed by a statute.State constitutions are the supreme law within the state. Although a state constitution may grant greater rights than those secured by the federal Constitution, it cannot provide lesser rights than the federal constitution does. State statutes must conform to the respective states constitution. All state constitutions and legislation can be preempted by federal legislation or the federal Constitution. Municipal charters, ordinances, rules, and regulations apply only to local issues; either state or federal law typically can preempt them.【答案】参考译文：美国是一个普通法系的国家。除了路易斯安那州，美国各州都拥有一个基于普通法的法律系统。普通法没有成文法基础；法官们通过运用先前的决定（先例）建立普通法去解决当前的案例。尽管通常受法律权限和广泛的法律领域影响，尤其与财产，合同和侵权行为有关的，传统上都是普通法的一部分。这些法律领域大多数都是在各州的管辖范围之内的，因此州法院是普通法的主要来源。联邦普通法是一个适用范围相对狭小的法律，主要限制于处理那些非成文法的联邦问题。州宪法是州内的最高位阶的法律。虽然州宪法授予的权利可能多于联邦宪法所保护的权利，但是州宪法不能提供少于联邦宪法保护的权利。州法令必须符合各自州的宪法。所有州的宪法和法律可能被联邦法律或联邦宪法所取代。市政章程，条例，规则，与规定制度只适用于当地的问题，州或联邦法律通常都可以优先使用它们。13. 单选题Amplifiers such as those in computers and sound reproducing systems are responsible for _ an erratic input signal.问题1选项A.strengtheningB.to strengthenC.strengthenD.being strengthened【答案】A【解析】考查介词宾语。介词for后应接名词性成份。A是动名词，可作介词宾语。D是其被动形式，与句意不合；C、D为动词形式。句意：计算机和音响系统中的放大器是用来强化输入的不稳定信号。因此只有A项正确。14. 单选题The megaphone makes the voice sound because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.问题1选项A.slitheringB.interferingC.radiatingD.murmuring【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。spread out表示“展开，伸张”。A项slither“使滑动”，B项interfere“干涉，妨碍”，C项radiate“辐射，发射”，D项murmur“低声说”。句意：扩音器之所以能发出声音，是因为它把声波指向一个方向，防止它们向四面八方扩散。根据题意该题选C。15. 单选题The contents of cumbersome texts may be conveniently stored on microfilm.问题1选项A.ancientB.technicalC.bulkyD.handsome【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。cumbersome表示“笨重的，累赘的”。A项ancient“古老的”，B项technical“工艺的，艺术的”，C项bulky“体积大的，笨重的”，D项handsome“帅气的”。句意：繁琐的文字内容可以很方便地存储在缩微胶片上。根据题意该题选C。16. 单选题Fashion modeling sounds like an easy, glamorous job, _ only patient, persevering girls can stand the strain of it.问题1选项A.butB.andC.soD.as【答案】A【解析】考查语言逻辑。A项but“但是”表转折关系，B项and“和”表并列，C项so“因此”表因果，D项as“作为，因为”表方式或者原因。前一句话和后一句话存在意义上的转折关系，此处应填转折连词but，A项符合题意。句意：时装模特听起来像是一份简单、迷人的工作，但只有有耐心、有毅力的女孩才能承受它的压力。因此A项正确。17. 单选题Cause and effect relationships are often expressed without any overt markers.问题1选项A.maskedB.evidentC.circularD.inoperable【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。overt表示“明显的，外显的”；A项masked“戴面具的，潜伏的”，B项evident“明显的，明白的”，C项circular“循环的，圆形的”，D项inoperable “不实用的”。句意：因果关系的表达往往没有任何明显的标记。因此B项正确。18. 单选题From an airplane, the grasslands of the western prairie appear almost as uniform as a placid sea.问题1选项A.calmB.seedyC.hillyD.fake【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。placid表示“平静的，温和的”。A项calm“平静的，沉着的”，B项seedy“多种子的”，C项hilly“丘陵的，多小山的”，D项fake“伪造的”。句意：从飞机上看，西部大草原的草原几乎像平静的大海一样一成不变。根据题意该题选A。19. 单选题There were bitter disputes over patent rights during the early years of the motion picture industry.问题1选项A.scandalsB.disappointmentC.strikesD.disagreements【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。dispute表示“争议”。A项scandal“丑闻，流言蜚语”，B项disappointment“失望，沮丧”，C项strike“罢工，抗拒”，D项disagreement“不一致，争论”；句意：在电影工业的早期，有过关于专利权的激烈争论。根据句意该题选D。20. 单选题Do you frequent the local store or buy from the mail-order house?问题1选项A.phone atB.park atC.charge atD.shop at【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。Frequent作动词表示“常去”；A项phone at没有这个搭配，phone作动词表示“打电话”，B项park at“在停车”，C项charge at“冲击，猛攻”，D项shop at“在购物”。句意：你经常去实体店买东西还是网上购物呢？因此D项正确。