2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷32

2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题To say that a soldier fought in battle like lion may be a descriptive（ ） , but it does not mean that he was on all fours roaring and wagging his tail.问题1选项A.analogueB.analogyC.analyticD.node【答案】B【解析】句意: 将一个在战争中的战士说成狮子一样可能是一个不错的比喻，但是这并不意味着他四肢着地摇着尾巴大声咆哮着。形近词辨析。Analogue类似物，相似物; analogy比喻，相似; analytic分解的; anode 阳极。题目中的 To say that a soldier fought in battle like lion 这个部分是将战士比喻成狮子。故选B。2. 单选题He said that hed sooner die than （ ）.问题1选项A.betrayB.to betrayC.betrayedD.begraying【答案】A【解析】句意: 他声称自己宁死也不会背叛自己的祖国。固定搭配。 had sooner+动词原形+than do sth. 宁可做某事而不做某事。3. 单选题It is not （ ）much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.问题1选项A.thatB.asC.soD.very【答案】C【解析】句意:这本书的语言不如背景让其难以理解。固定搭配。not so as “不如”。由句中关键词“not” 与“as”的对应知这里表示一种否定的同级比较，故C项“so”正确。4. 单选题Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment （ ）.问题1选项A.which they are happeningB.they are happeningC.which they happenD.they have happened【答案】B【解析】句意: 电视使我们能够看到事情发生的那一瞬间。语法题。考查名词性从句。moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句，井且根据关键词at the exact moment可知此处应该用进行吋态，故选B。5. 单选题The group of technicians are engaged in a study which （ ）all aspects of urban planning.问题1选项A.insertsB.gripsC.performsD.embraces【答案】D【解析】句意: 这组技术人员正忙于一项涉及到城市规划所有方面的研究。动词辨析。Insert插入，嵌入; grip抓住，紧握; perform执行,完成; embrace 拥抱, 包含。故D符合句意。6. 单选题A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and （ ）your text more easily.问题1选项A.registerB.editC.proposeD.discharge【答案】B【解析】句意: 文字信息处理机比打字机好得多，因为它能使你更容易地输入和编辑文本。动词辨析。Register登记，注册; edit编辑，校对; propose建议，打算; discharge排放，解雇。因此B符合句意。7. 单选题Nothing in the history of modem astronomy has excited as much speculation as the object, or event, known as a black hole. Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists. They are one of the more exotic manifestations of the theory of general relativity, and their fascination lies in the way their tremendous gravity affects nearby space and time.A black hole is very simple in structure: it has a surface the event horizon and a center the singularity. Everything else is gravity. The standard model for the formation of a black hole involves the collapse of a lager star. The imaginary spherical surface surrounding the collapsed star is the event horizon an artificial boundary in pace that marks a point of no return. Outside the event horizon, gravity is strong but finite, and it is possible for objects to break free of its pull. However, once within the event horizon, an object would need to travel faster than light to escape.For extremely massive stars, the exclusion principle the resistance between the macular particle within the star as they are compressed 一 will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by the stars own mass. The stars increasing density will overwhelm the exclusion principle. What follows is runaway gravitational collapse. With no internal force to stop it, the star will simply continue to collapse in on itself. Once a collapsing star has contracted through its event horizon, nothing can stop it from collapsing further until its entire mass is crushed down to a single point a point of infinite density and zero volume-toe singularity.The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps in to a hole and pulls the hole in after him. What this process leaves behind is a deterrent kind of hole a profound disturbance in space-time, a region where gravity is, so intense that nothing can escape from it. Any object falling within the boundary of a black hole has no choice but to move inward toward the singularity and disappear from our universe forever. Moreover, a black hole can never be plugged up or filled in with matter: the more matter that is pound into a black hole the bigger it gets.A What would happen to objects, such as astronauts, as they vanished into a black hole? B Physicists have been amusing themselves with this question for years, and most believe that the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed at the singularity. C Theoretically, any astronauts who mortgaged to survive the passage would encounter some very strange things. D For instance, they would experience acute time distortion, which would enable them to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe.Inside a black hole, space arid time are so warped that the distance from the event horizon to the singularity is not a distance in space in the normal sense what we can measure in kilometers. Instead, it becomes a distance in time. The time it takes to reach the singularity from the event horizon as measured by someone falling in is proportional to the mass of the black hole.The only way what astronauts would know whether they had crossed the event horizon would be if tried to halt their fall and climb out again by firing their engines enough to push themselves back from the center of the hole. However, because of the time warp, if the astronauts tried to do this, they would reach the singularity faster than if they had left their engines off. Moreover, since they could get no farther once they reached the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself.1.The word fodder in paragraph I is closest in meaning to （ ）.2.The opposing force between the molecular particles inside a star is called（ ）.3.Why does the author mention a cartoon character in paragraph 4?4.Astronaut who fell into a black hole would probably experience all of the following EXCEPT（ ）.5.The phrase “this point” in paragraph seven refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.materialB.stonesC.supportD.problems问题2选项A.general relativityB.the exclusion principleC.infinite densityD.the singularity问题3选项A.To illustrate the complete disappearance or a collapsing starB.To warn of the danger of being sucked in to a black holeC.To point out a humorous phenomenon in astrophysicsD.To announce the creation of a cartoon about black holes问题4选项A.distortion of space and timeB.knowledge of the universeC.strong gravitational forcesD.traveling faster than light问题5选项A.the event horizonB.firing their enginesC.the time warpD.the singularity【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。Fodder所在句为: Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists (黑洞为科幻小说家提供了无穷无尽的想象素材，也为天体物理学家提供了无尽的理论素材)。其中fodder 词作provide的宾语并且既可以被imaginative修饰也可以被 theoretical修饰，因此A项 “材料,素材”意思最为接近。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: the exclusion principle the resistance between the macular particle within the star as they are compressed will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by the stars own mass (排他原理恒星内的黄斑粒子在被压缩时的阻力将不足以抵消恒星自身质量产生的引力)。因此题干 “恒星内部分子粒子间的反作用力”就是排他原理。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第四段: The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps in to a hole and pulls the hole in after him (这行星从我们的宇宙消失了，就像是一个跳进洞里然后消失在洞里的卡通人物)。由此可知cartoon character 的例子是为了形象说明行星消失的过程，选项A “为了举例说明行星的消失或坍缩”正确。4.细节事实题。关于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历什么的设想主要集中在文章第五段: the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed at the singularity (在宇航员还没到奇点之前就己经被强大的引力撕碎了), 故C“强大的引力”表述正确。they would experience acute time distortion, which would enable them to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe (他们会经历严重的时间畸变，这会使他们在短短几秒之内了解整个宇宙的未来), 故选项A “畸变的时间和空间”和B“宇宙的知识”表述正确。而D “比光速还快”不属于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历的事件设想， 故答案为D。5.语义题。this point所在句为: Moreover, since they could get no farther once they reached the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself (而且, 由于当到达奇点后他们就不能继续往前了，这个点将标志着时间的完结)。因此this point指the singularity(奇点)。8. 单选题We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7 to 8 hours sleep alternation with some 16 to 17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally, takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.1.Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not a mere academic question?2.The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in （ ）.3.The best solution for implementing the 24-liour working system seems to be（ ）.4.It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because（ ）.5.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?问题1选项A.Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping.问题2选项A.the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automationB.the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentC.the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD.the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers问题3选项A.to change shifts at longer intervalsB.to have longer shiftC.to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD.to create better living conditions for night workers问题4选项A.body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB.body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC.the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD.people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently问题5选项A.Body temperature may serve as an indication of a workers performance.B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C.Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.D.Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: The question is no mere academic one.The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines (这已经不是一个学术的问题。例如，在需要机器24小时连续工作的自动化操作的工业生产中，需要人们从白天工作变为晚上工作的问题变得越来越重要了)。故选C“因为一些工业领域要求上夜班”。2.细节事实题。第二段指出: It normally, takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night (通常一个人需要五天至一周的时间来适应与常规生活颠倒的睡眠吋间和猜 醒时间，即白天睡觉，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week (不幸的是，在工业生产中，工作班次每星期都变换的事经常发生)。故选B “频繁更换工作吋间的工人的日常生活周期被打乱”。3.细节事实题。第三段第一句指出: The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers (看来，唯一真正可以解决问题的方法就是将晚班交给一些长期上夜班的工人)。故选C“安排一些人只上夜班”。4.细节事实题。第四段指出: People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night (白天正常工作的人， 在其清醒的时间内，体温通常都比较高，但是在夜晚则比较低)。因此选D “人在工作效率高吋，休温都比较高”。5.判断推理题。根据第四段.it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection (可以了解到个人是如何快速适应正常时间的颠倒，同时也可成为筛选的基础)以及So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice (然而，到目前为止，这种形式的筛选似乎并没有在实践中得到应用)可知选择永久的夜间值班者仅仅是一种基础的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故选项B错误。根据最后一段One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night (了解一个人何时适应的一种方法是测量他的体温。白天正常工作的人在清醒的时候会有高温，晚上会有低温)可知选项A “体温可以作为衡量工人工作的一个指标”正确。根据最后一段Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine (因此，在清醒期间每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快地适应一个颠倒的习惯) 可知选项C “每隔一段吋间测量体温，可以显示个人是如何适应常规变化”正确。根据第三段She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work (她发现在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障碍和其他障碍的发生率很高，但在长期夜班的人中，这些现象没有异常发生) 可知选项D “长期上夜班的或上长白班的人很少出现睡眠被打乱的现象”正确。9. 单选题The millions of calculations involved, （ ）by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.问题1选项A.had they been doneB.they had been doneC.having been doneD.they were done【答案】A【解析】句意: 如果用手进行数百万次的计算，到结束时就已经失去了意义。语法题。考查倒装。由句意以及would have lost推断此句应采用If引导的非真实条件句表示虚拟, 而且表示与过去事实相反的假设。因此应该是if they had been done by hand, 当省略if后 需采用倒装结构，即Had they been done by hand。10. 单选题We left the meeting, there obviously（ ）no point in staying.问题1选项A.wereB.to beC.beingD.having【答案】C【解析】句意: 我们离开了会议，因为留下来显然没有什么意义。语法题。考查there be句型。there is no point in doing sth.表示 “做某事没有用或没有意义”, 因此排除D。前半句已经是完整句子,因此后半句可以是非谓语充当原因状语。因此C项being正确。11. 单选题（ ） me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.问题1选项A.That amazedB.It amazedC.Which amazedD.What amazed【答案】D【解析】句意: 令我吃惊的是，这个在车祸中丧失双臂的年轻人能够用脚拿笔。语法题。考查名词性从句。分析题干可知 me most这部分在整个句子中作主语，因此这部分是主语从句。常用连接词what引导主语从句,故答案选项为D。12. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.北京计划未来投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。她就是那个到明年年底会攒一万美元的那个女孩。你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗？自从她出生以来她就从未见过她爸爸。你知道你们班长喜欢的女孩儿是贼的女儿吗？他很谦逊，认为自己离成功还很远。宗教和科学其实不但可以调和，而且可以共存共生。【答案】Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in the future to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media.The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off their wealth all around.The word dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.She is the girl who will have made ten thousand dollars by the end of next year.Do you know the thief whom the policeman has been looking for?She has never seen her father since he was born.Do you know the girl who is liked by your monitor is the daughter of a thief?9. He is humble and thinks he is far from success.10. Religion and science are not only reconcilable, but also symbiotic.13. 单选题All flights （ ）because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.问题1选项A.had been canceledB.have been canceledC.were canceledD.having been canceled【答案】D【解析】句意: 因为暴风雪所有的航班都被取消了，很多乘客不得不改乘火车。语法题。考查时态语态。前后句子主语不一致,因此前面句子应该用独立主格结构表示原因: 逻辑主语+doing, 前面句子逻辑主语是All flights, 谓语动词是cancel(取消), 所以应该用被动语态。而且前面句子发生在后面句子之前, 因此用现在完成时。14. 单选题Henrys close to （ ）his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.resemblanceB.identityC.appearanceD.relationship【答案】A【解析】句意: 麦克和弟弟长得十分相像，因此人们常常把他们俩认错。名词辨析。Resemblance相似,后面可接介词to; identity 身份; appearance外貌; relationship 关系。因此排除B ,D。另外,没有 “appearance to”的用法, 故选A。15. 单选题The manager needs an assistant that he can （ ）to take care of problems in his absence.问题1选项A.count onB.count inC.count upD.count out【答案】A【解析】句意: 经理需要一个靠得住的助手，以便当他不在吋，可以帮助处理问题。短语辨析。count on依靠,依赖; count in把.算在内; count up加起来; count out 点数。故选A。16. 单选题Inaugurated a second time on March 4, 1901, （ ）focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.问题1选项A.William McKinleys new term looked forward to andB.the new term looked forward to William McKinley andC.looking forward to a new term was William McKinleyD.William McKinley looked forward to a new term【答案】D【解析】句意: 威廉麦金利于1901年3月4日第二次就职，他期待一个新的主要集中于国内事务而不是外交政策的阶段。语法题。考查动词过去分词。句中前半句Inaugurated为Inaugurat的过去分词作时间状语。因此后半句为主句, 而且主语为人, 排除B、C。A项中look forward to后而应跟名词或动名词。故选D。17. 单选题The American society is （ ）an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.问题1选项A.established onB.affiliated toC.originated fromD.incorporated with【答案】A【解析】句意: 美国社会是建立在自然资源的不稳定的基础上的，这与环境恶化的可能性相关联。短语辨析。Be established on 以为基础; be affiliated to隶属于; be originated from起源于，创始于; be incorporated with结合。根据题干中的foundation(基础)判断A符合句意。18. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers, and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of t