2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第32期

2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the _ of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. observation 观察；监视 B. investigation 调查；调查研究C. inspection 视察；检查 D. examination 考试；检查【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，教师实习的学生经常去学校参加培训，培训的内容是for the _ of lessons，由此可以推断出进行教师实习的学生是去本地的学校观察上课。observation指一段时间内仔细观察某人/某事物的行为，尤指为了学习某事物。因此A. observation“观察”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项investigation指对某一情况、犯罪等事实的官方审查，或者是对某一主题或问题的事实进行的科学或学术检查，而本句重点在于去观察当地学校的课程，不属于犯罪等事实，也不属于科学或学术检查；C选项inspection指对学校、工厂等的正式访问，以检查规章是否被遵守，标准是否可接受，教师实习的学生并不是正式访问，排除；D选项examination指仔细检查（某事物/某人），尤指检查是否有问题或找出问题的原因，不符合句子语境。【句意】在他们的第一个教师培训年，学生们经常去当地学校观察课程。2. 单选题The old king（ ）. They are making a new king.问题1选项A.was believed to be killedB.is believed being killedC.is believed having been killedD.is believed to have been killed【答案】D【解析】考查语法。由第二句“他们正在选举一位新国王”可知，之前的国王被认为已经杀害了，故用现在完成时的被动，再结合be believed to “被认为”可知D项正确。句意：他们认为之前的国王已经被杀害了，他们正在选举一位新国王。3. 单选题After the dispute, the atmosphere in the meeting room was getting more and more_.问题1选项A.criticalB.frustratedC.tenseD.light【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. critical至关重要的 B. frustrated懊恼的；沮丧的C. tense紧张的 D. light轻的；明亮的；轻松的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据dispute“辩论、争吵”和会议室的气氛的逻辑可知：空白处的形容词应该满足争吵后会议室紧张气氛的逻辑。C选项tense“紧张的”满足此句所需的逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。并且D选项light的比较级是lighter不用more and more。【句意】争论过后，会议室的气氛变得越来越紧张。4. 单选题Obviously, there is a(n) _ that management only wants to cut costs.问题1选项A.concentrationB.ambiguityC.perceptionD.facility【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. concentration 专心；集合 B. ambiguity 含糊；不明确C. perception 认识能力；知觉；看法 D. facility 设施；设备【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子结构可知空格后that management only wants to cut costs（管理层只想削减成本）为同位语从句，解释说明空格的内容，“管理层只想削减成本”这是一种看法。C. perception“看法”符合语境。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合语境。【句意】有一种看法认为，管理层只想削减成本。5. 单选题The prospect of increased price has already（ ）worries.问题1选项A.provokedB.irritatedC.inspiredD.hoisted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。provoke“激起，挑起，引起”；irritate“刺激，使兴奋，激怒”；inspire“激发，鼓舞，启示”；hoist“把吊起，升起”。句意：价格上涨的前景已经引起了人们的担忧。A项符合题意。6. 翻译题低碳生活对于我们普通人来说是一种态度，我们应该积极提倡并去实践，从自己做起，从节约水电这些点滴做起。除了植树，有的人买运输里程很短的商品，还有人坚持爬楼梯，形形色色，非常有趣。“低碳生活”的理念逐渐被世界各国所接受。低碳生活的出现不仅告诉人们可以为减碳做些什么，还告诉人们可以怎么做。【答案】Low-carbon life is an attitude for ordinary people, and we should actively advocate and practice low-carbon life by doing it from ourselves and by starting bit by bit from saving water and electricity. Besides planting trees, some people purchase goods within a short delivery distance and others stick to climbing stairs. People do various things to live a low-carbon life, which is really interesting. “Low-carbon life” concept has gradually been accepted worldwide. The emergence of low-carbon lifestyle not only introduces to people what they can do for carbon reduction, but also tells them how they can do it.7. 单选题It is through learning that the individual_ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. retains保持 B. gains获得C. achieves达到；实现 D. acquires获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。of reacting to situations做habitual ways的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项achieve得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。8. 单选题Abraham Lincoln insisted that（ ）not just on mere opinion but on moral purpose.问题1选项A.to base democracyB.democracy be basedC.for democracy to be based onD.whenever democracy is based【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。当句中谓语动词为表示命令、建议、要求等词汇时，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。故B项正确。句意：奥巴马林肯坚称民主不能仅仅建立在意念上，而应该建立在道德目的上。9. 单选题The post office is not（ ）for damage to a parcel sent by mail unless it is insured.问题1选项A.qualifiedB.liableC.guiltyD.jealous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。qualified“合格的，有资格的”；liable“有责任的，有义务的”；guilty“有罪的，内疚的”；jealous“妒忌的，猜疑的”。be liable for“有责任，有义务”。由unless可知邮局对没投保的包裹的损坏不承担责任。故B项正确。句意：邮局对邮局的包裹的损坏不承担责任，除非这些包裹投保了。10. 写作题Directions: Nowadays, traffic problem remains one of the most serious situations in urban areas. Write an essay of 180-200 words to discuss this topic. Your essay must include the instructions as follows:1. Present situations2. Possible reasons3. What should be done to solve this problem【答案】略11. 单选题It was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and the thing was, I didnt know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a dingy multifamily house in Detroit. We watched TV every night. The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses hoofs from Wagon Train, or Cheyenne, and laughter from I love Lucy or Mister Ed. After supper, wed sprawl on Moms bed and stare for hours at the tube.But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But she was much brighter and smarter than we boys knew at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses where she cleaned books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she said, “and youre going to write me a report on what you read.” We moaned and complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didnt have any books in the house other than Moms Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: “Id drive you to the library.”So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the childrens books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them. The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this verbal visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.It didnt dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with a flip of a page.Soon I began to look forward to visiting this hushed sanctuary from my other world. I moved from animals to plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened; I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldnt wait to get home to my books.Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of pediatric neurosurgery at John Hopkins Childrens Center in Baltimore. Sometimes I still cant believe my lifes journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.But I know when the journey beganthe day Mom snapped off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.1.We can learn from the beginning of the passage that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT true about the authors family?3.The mother was（ ）to make her two sons switch to reading books.4.How did the two boys feel about going to the library at first?5.The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that（ ）.问题1选项A.the author and his brother had done poorly in schoolB.the author had been very concerned about his school workC.the author had spent much time watching TV after schoolD.the author had realized how important schooling was问题2选项A.He came from middle-class family.B.He came from a single-parent family.C.His mother worked as a cleaner.D.His mother had received little education.问题3选项A.hesitantB.unpreparedC.reluctantD.determined问题4选项A.They were afraid.B.They were reluctant.C.They were indifferent.D.They were eager to go.问题5选项A.he began to see something in his mindB.he could visualize what he read in his mindC.he could go back to read the books againD.he realized that book offered him new experience【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“We watched TV every night.和After supper, wed sprawl on Moms bed and stare for hours at the tube. 我们每天晚上都看电视。晚饭后,我们就会躺在妈妈的床上,再看几个小时电视。”可知作者每天放学后花了很多时间看电视。故C项正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“My older brother and I lived with Mom in a dingy multifamily house in Detroit. 我和哥哥、妈妈住在底特律一所肮脏的多户住宅里。”可知作者来自于单亲家庭。故B项正确。“Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But she was much brighter and smarter than we boys knew at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses where she cleaned books. 我们的母亲只上完了三年级。但她比我们男孩当时所知道的要聪明得多。她注意到在她打扫书籍的郊区房子里有一些东西。”可知作者的母亲接受的教育很少，并且是个清洁工，故C、D项正确。题干问的是哪一项不正确，故选答案A。3.推理判断题。由第二段“So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. 所以有一天她回到家，关掉电视，让我们坐下来，解释说她的儿子们将要做些改变。”可知作者母亲让他俩读书的态度是十分坚决的。故D项正确。4.细节事实题。根据第三段“So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the childrens books. 所以没过多久，就有两个脾气暴躁的男孩坐在她那辆1959年产的白色奥兹莫比尔汽车上，准备去底特律公共图书馆。我不情愿地在儿童读物间徘徊。”可知他们第一次去图书馆是不情愿的。故B项正确。5.推理判断题。由第四段“It didnt dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. 当时我并没有意识到这一点，但这种体验与看电视完全不同。”可知作者当时并没有意识到书本给他带来的新体验。故D项“他意识到书籍给他带来全新的体验”不正确。12. 单选题（ ）tomorrow, he would get there by Friday.问题1选项A.Would he leaveB.Was he leavingC.If he leavesD.Were he to leave【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。由tomorrow可知，从句表示的是对将来事实的虚拟，从句谓语动词的形式有三种，即were to do, should do, 动词的过去式（be动词用were）。并且可将if去掉，将谓语动词放于主语前。故D项正确。句意：如果他明天出发，他周五将到达那里。13. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well- mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good- tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the part of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams once at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-owner-ship explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by（ ）.2. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rule.”(Para l)implies that（ ）.3. By “good sense”(Line 1, Para 2), the writer means（ ）.4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, （ ）.5. In the writers opinion（ ）.问题1选项A.peoples attitude towards the road-hogB.the rhythm of modern lifeC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists问题3选项A.the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyB.the drivers prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC.the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others问题5选项A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1. 细节事实题。文章第一句指出“It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life（把问题归咎于交通堵塞、汽油价格和现代生活的快节奏是很好的）”，但后面有一个转折词but引出重要的原因，“but manners on the roads are becoming horrible（但道路上的礼节问题正变得恐怖）”。因此C项“司机的行为”正确。2. 判断推理题。根据题干可定位至第一段“You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well- mannered motorist is the exception to the rule（你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机，但现今彬彬有礼的司机却实属罕见）”，由此推断，D项“现在不礼貌的司机占大多数”正确。3. 语义题。由题干定位至第二段第一句“Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too（道路上的礼节不仅仅是礼貌，也是一种良好的意识）”。后面具体说到“It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem traffic conditions（只有头脑冷静、脾气温和的司机在遇到不文明的行为时，才能抵制进行报复的诱惑。另一方面，礼貌可以缓和开车时的紧张气氛。接着，又具体地说明对别人礼貌的行为，如友好地点头或摆手示意有利于创造出一种友好和宽容的氛围）”。因此，“good sense”指司机不仅自己礼貌，而且对别人的礼貌做出反应，故选A项“司机的正确理解能力和理智地做出反应的能力”。4. 细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位至最后一段“Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give and take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart（几年前，专家警告我们，汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们大家把这一信息牢记在心的时候了）”。因此B项“司机们应该准备好互相谦让”正确。5. 判断推理题。文章第三段指出“However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous（然而，不适当的道路理解可能是危险的）”。紧接着作者举了一些例子来说明。也就是说，司机们不仅要注意道路上的礼节问题，还要注意礼貌行为是否适时适当。否则可能反而会有危险的后果。因此，B项“司机的礼貌行为应当适当”正确。14. 单选题A well-funded national organization would be able to _ more influence in Parliament.问题1选项A.evaluateB.performC.recommendD.exert【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. evaluate 评价；估价 B. perform 执行；完成；演奏C. recommend 推荐，介绍 D. exert 运用，发挥；施以影响【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，应该是组织对国会有影响。选D. exert施以影响，符合句子逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】一个资金充足的全国性组织将能够在议会中发挥更大的影响力。15. 单选题Remember that only a few of the living things that are produced can live. In general, thoselive that are best fitted for living（ ）they do.问题1选项A.whereB.whatC.whyD.how【答案】A【解析】考查语法。where引导定语从句，即those live that are best fitted for living where they do (will live).句意：记住只有少数被生产出来的生物才能生存。一般来说，只有那些生活在最适合它们生活的地方的生物才能生存。16. 单选题Job hunting is never easy, but what if data could be used to make the process a little less stressful? Companies such as Linkedin and M hold vast amounts of information on peoples professional lives, but there is one organization that surpasses them all: the federal government. Although rich and comprehensive, government labor data can often be hard to access, bound by net tape and cloaked in jargon.“With todays technologies, we can do a lot more to build open data sets for skills,” said Aneesh Chopra, the While Houses first chief technology officer and founder of Arlington-based start-up Hunch Analytics. During his tenure, Chopras role involved making government data more accessible. Its a mission he has continued after his departure, assembling a band of public officials, tech entrepreneurs and think-tank analysts whose focus is firmly on the labor market.A robust economic recovery tempered by flat wages has reinforced the need to connect Americans with higher-paying technology jobs, according to the White House. That was the rationale behind the Presidents new initiative, announced last week, to train and hire Americans for more than 500,000 unfilled information technology jobs through partnerships with local communities.“Theres not a standard, real-time, modern way to identify all the skills our economy needs in play today. Work force and talent planners have a daunting job in ensuring they have a ready-now workforce, so the more data they can get, the better informed they are.” said Leighanne Levensaler, senior vice president of products at Workday, a human resources software company that was involved in the project.The closest thing to a standard national database is the Labor Departments Occupational Information network Website, known as O* Net. Built in the 1990s, the site compiles data on more than 900 occupations, with details about job skills, average compensation and a search tool to find jobs by state. But although the site is continually updated, it has been slow to keep pace with the changing job market, according to Copra and Levensaler.A push to modernize O* Net is the groups next big undertaking. The Presidents 2016 budget proposal includes a $ 5 million request to study and test approaches modernize and potentially streamline data collection for O* Net. The measure seeks to “provide up-to-date coverage of occupations and skills, particularly for high-growth, changing industries.” Chopra convened a roundtable of government officials, academics and private-sector executives last month to discuss measures to improve O* Net. Workday and LinkedIn are among the companies interested in the effortwhich is still at a conceptual stage, Chopra said.To open-data advocates such as Chopra, theres no better time to harness the power of information for the economy. “No one company, no matter how amazing they are, has the capacity to get every employer in America to open up their skills data for every job posting,” he said, “The government has the capacity to convene stakeholders to open up the data.”1.In what respect is the company database inferior to that of federal government?2.The passage implies that Aneesh Chopra（ ）.3.Which of the following statements would Leighanne be most likely to agree with?4.We can infer from the passage that O* Net（ ）.5.In the last paragraph, Chopra emphasizes（ ）.问题1选项A.AmplitudeB.AccessibilityC.IntegrityD.Authority问题2选项A.serves as the White Houses chief technology officerB.sets up a company on the basis of government dataC.sticks to the improvement of government data setsD.hires a group of experts on behalf of the