2011高考英语一轮复习 题型突破 阅读理解2

阅读理解突破(二)事实细节题1事实细节题的设问方式(1)Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?(2)What does the writer pay least attention to?(3)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.(4)All of the following statements may be true/false except_.(5)Which of the following is not the result of.?(6)Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.?(7)Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of./relationship of.?(8)Which of the following maps shows the right way to get to.?(9)Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what.is like?2解题技巧细节题要用定位法,根据题干的问题,定位于有关句子、段落,排除错误项。主要有：(1)是非判断题本类题型通常用原文定位,把选项内容与原文内容进行分析对比,然后判断,作出解答。(2)年代、数字题对前者,根据文中信息能很容易地确定答案；对后者,首先要弄清题干问的是什么,然后找到与它相关的年代和数字,对它们进一步分析、整合,最后,结合题干计算出正确答案。(3)排序题排序题的考查形式是在选项中列出一些具体的事实,然后要求考生对所列举的事实进行排序。此类试题要求考生根据动作或事件发生的时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系,排出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。对此,考生可以采用“首尾定位法”,先找出最早的和最后的一个时间、事件或动作,把它们作为事件发生的参照点,然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小,从而快速地选出正确答案。(4)快速寻找信息题快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,阅读材料一般为广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这种题时没有必要阅读全文,比较适宜采用“题干定位法”,即：先阅读题干,然后根据问题要求,有针对性地阅读相关部分。(5)图形题在有图形的试题的阅读理解中,有的图形出现在阅读理解文章中,有的出现在选项中。这些图形不仅增加了试题的直观性,而且也常常暗含着与文章内容相关的信息。考生在解答此类试题的时候,一定要把握住图形中所暗含的信息。1A Northern Ireland team is leading a research for a thinking computer which can sense the users mood.Researchers at Queens University in Belfast hope to complete the 10millionEuro project on an emotionsensitive computer within four years.The aim is to enable computers to think and behave more like humans.The Europeanwide project is being coordinated by the universitys School of Psychology and involves 160 researchers from 27 institutions.The universitys researchers developed the proposal and negotiated the contract with the European Commission.The academics said the work would build up on attempts to create “multimodal interfaces” which allow machines to sense and respond to the moods of the user.Programme coordinator Professor Roddy Cowie said while it sounded like science fiction,computers which responded to human emotion would emerge.“At the moment,our use of computers is limited by the fact that we need a keyboard and a screen to access them,” he said.“It would make an enormous difference if we could interact with them by speaking normallyperhaps through a microphone and a transmitter in a Star Trek badge.” Emotion is part of normal speech,and experience has shown that most users are so deeply uncomfortable with the interfaces used nowadays that ignore ittoo uncomfortable to use them very much.“If we can make computers more intuitive (直觉的) and expressive,and also less challenging to use,there is enormous potential to let people make fuller use of information technology.”The emotionsensitive computer would have its own “personality” and establish a social relationship with the user.“Its a fair bet that in 30 years,emotionsensitive interfaces will be as much part of life as windows and mouse interfaces are now,” said Professor Cowie.The project team believes such computers would play a major role in teaching and learning.1According to the first paragraph,which of the following is NOT true?AThe project aims to create an emotionsensitive computer.BThe project can create 10 million Euro profits.CThe project is led by a Northern Ireland team.DThe project is expected to be completed within four years.答案B解析此题属于快速寻找信息题。第一段第一句话所表达的意思和C项相同,只不过文中用了主动形式,而选项用了被动形式。学生误选应主要是由粗心大意造成的,即把要求理解成“哪一个是对的”；由第一段第二句话“希望在四年内花费一千万欧元研制出”可知,而不是创造一千万欧元的利润,故B项为正确答案。2The researchers of the Europeanwide project are from_.A27 institutionsBthe universitys School of PsychologyCthe European CommissionD160 universities答案A解析此题与上题性质相同。文中第二段第二句话说该工程是由女王大学心理学院协调安排,来自27个研究机构的160位研究人员参与了这项工作,所以选A；选B 是由于只注意到了这句话的前半部分,而没有正确理解整句话的意思；选C 是因为没有正确理解第二段第三句话。3The best title of this passage is_.AComputers VS Human EmotionBSearch for “Human Computer”CMicrophone & TransmitterDComputers Will Be More Important答案B解析主旨大意题。文章主要写了北爱尔兰的一个研究小组正在花巨资研究一种会思考的电脑,其中研究人员提出了这种电脑成为现实的可能性,以及对工程成功后的展望。所以选项B(寻找人性化电脑)符合原文的意思。2(2009全国,B)Computer programmer David Jones earns 35,000 a year designing new computer games,yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡)Instead,he has been told to wait another two years,until he is 18.The 16yearold works for a small firm in Liverpool,where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job.Davids firm releases(推出) two new games for the fast growing computer market each month.But Davids biggest headache is what to do with his money.Even though he earns a lot,he cannot drive a car,take out a mortgage(抵押贷款),or get credit cards.David got his job with the Liverpoolbased company four months ago,a year after leaving school with six Olevels and working for a time in a computer shop.“I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs,”he said.David spends some of his money on records and clothes,and gives his mother 50 pounds a week.But most of his spare time is spent working.“Unfortunately,computing was not part of our studies at school,”he said.“But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time.I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school.Most people in this business are fairly young,anyway.”David added：“I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement(退休) is a possibility.You never know when the market might disappear.”1In what way is David different from people of his age?AHe often goes out with friends.BHe lives with his mother.CHe has a handsome income.DHe graduated with six Olevels.答案C解析细节理解题。由第一段可知,他这个年龄的孩子连找工作都很困难而他却是为没法处理这些钱而发愁,可知他的收入很丰厚。2What is one of the problems that David is facing now?AHe is too young to get a credit card.BHe has no time to learn driving.CHe has very little spare time.DHe will soon lose his job.答案A解析细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知。3Why was David able to get the job in the company?AHe had done well in all his exams.BHe had written some computer programs.CHe was good at playing computer games.DHe had learnt to use computers at school.答案B解析细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知D项错误。A项和C项文中没提及。4Why did David decide to leave school and start working?AHe received lots of job offers.BHe was eager to help his mother.CHe lost interest in school studies.DHe wanted to earn his own living.答案C解析细节理解题。由最后一段可知,他不想再待在学校里,他知道应该做什么。3Because of the financial crisis in the US and UK,college students are beginning to struggle to find ways to pay their tuition fees and accommodations.Recently,two major US student loan lendersCitibank and JPMorgan Chaseannounced they were leaving the student loan industry altogether.Because banks currently have a lack of credit(存款额),they are reluctant to offer students lowinterest loans(贷款) that need a severalyear wait for any return of interest.In the US,many undergraduates top up their financial needs with a private loan,although the majority can get governmentfunded loans.In the 20052006 academic year,$17 billion in private student loans was used to finance higher education.The shortfall in private funding has yet to be covered and will hit many US students hard.Across the Atlantic,UK students have been less troubled by the crisis.Most undergraduates in the UK cover their university expenses with governmentfunded loans and grants(助学金)Their biggest concern is a sudden steep increase in student rent.Most young professionals now rent houses,since 80 percent of UK mortgage schemes(住房抵押贷款计划) have disappeareda direct result of the credit crisis.This has boosted the house rent market.In large cities,UK students are paying almost 6.5 percent more in rent than the previous year.Figures from the UK organization Accommodation for Student show students in big cities such as London paying an average weekly rent of $103.Yet,despite students suffering,the number of this years university applications is expected to grow.During economic slumps,people regard further education as a way to survive tough job markets.1According to the passage,banks are unwilling to offer students loans because _.Athe students are poor and sometimes they cant pay off the debtBbanks prefer lending the money to the young professionalsCbanks dont have enough money left at the present timeDthey think college students are not studying hard答案C解析事实细节题。文中第二段提到“banks currently have a lack of credit”说明银行的存款额不足,故C项正确。2The underlined phrase “top up” in Paragraph 3 probably means _.Aput up Bmake upCfill up Dpick up答案C解析词义推测题。文中第三段提到学生们除了得到国家的助学贷款外,也可以通过私人贷款来满足经济需求,可猜测top up的意思为“给添满,盛满”,故fill up正确。3Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AUK college students have to pay more if they want to rent houses.BMore UK students want to further their study in college.CIt is not so easy for US students to loan money now.DCollege students tuition fees have risen greatly.答案D解析事实细节题。结合文章内容可知A、B、C三项都是正确的,D项的内容文章中没有提及,故选D项。4It can be inferred that _.Athere are no private student loan lenders in the UKBloans for US college students will be increased next yearCprivate funding falls a little because of higherinterest loans in the USDprivate loans play a very important role in financing US students education答案D解析推理判断题。文中第三段提到很多学生通过私人贷款来满足自己的经济需求,并且在2005年到2006年间有170亿美元用于学生的私人贷款,说明D项是正确的。5The passage mainly tells us _.Acollege students in the US and UK are faced with their financial crisisBit is the duty of the governments to solve college students financial crisisCprivate student loan is a good way for college students to overcome the difficultiesDfurther education is a good way for college students to survive tough job markets答案A解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要讲述了英美的大学生面临的经济危机。