2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷90

2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The governments inability to （ ） its own laws and regulations disappointed the electorate.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.strikeC.sanctionD.enforce【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项guarantee“保证，承诺”；B选项strike“撞击；打”；C选项sanction“制裁，处罚；认可；支持”；D选项enforce“实施，执行”。句意：政府无法执行自己的法律法规令选民失望。由空格后的关键词“laws and regulations法律和法规”可知“实施”符合句意，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题In digital electronics, signals are broken down into thousands, maybe millions,（ ）, which are encoded as zeroes and ones.问题1选项A.of bits of informationB.of much in formationC.of little in formationD.of information【答案】A【解析】information 是不可数名词，选项D错；little information 否定含义，不符合本题句意，C选项错；B选项语义不通。只有A选项正确。3. 单选题Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isnt writing at all. Its a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. Thus talking came first; wring is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one: “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and”No one talks like that casuallyor should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didnt much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging doand a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.Take LOL. It doesnt actually mean “laughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Joeelyn texts “Where have you been?” and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signal basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it does somethingconveying an attitudejust like the -ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning” anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar.Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed.Civilization, then, is finepeople banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers.16. What do critics say about texting?17. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?18. Why is LOL much used in texting?19. Examples like meat and silly are cited to show（ ）.20. What does the author think of texting?问题1选项A.It is mainly confined to youngsters.B.It competes with traditional writing.C.It will ruin the written language.D.It is often hard to understand.问题2选项A.It is crafted with specific skills.B.It expresses ideas more accurately.C.It does not have as long a history.D.It is not as easy to comprehend.问题3选项A.It brings texters closer to each other.B.It shows the texters sophistication.C.It is a trendy way to communicate.D.It adds to the humor of the text.问题4选项A.the difference between writing and talkingB.how differently words are used in textingC.why people use the words the way they doD.the gradual change of word meaning问题5选项A.It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.B.It is a new form of verbal communication.C.It deteriorates peoples composition skills.D.It hastens the decline of the written word.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】16、【试题答案】 C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句话“Texting has long been bemoaned as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it”（长久以来，短信一直被认为是书面文字的衰落，一位评论家称它为“文盲的书法”）。选项C“它会破坏了书面语言”对应这句话中的the downfall of the written word。A、B、D与评论家的说法无关，所以排除。因此C选项正确。17、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“writing is different from talking”可定位到第二段第五句话“However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow”（然而，说话很大程度上是潜意识的、快速的，而写作则是深思熟虑的、缓慢的）可知deliberate这个词来看，与B选项表达中的accurately最接近，所以最佳选项为B选项。A、D选项在文中没有相关表述；C选项关于写作的历史第二段开头可知，写作是位于谈话之后的，历史也是很长的，所以排除。因此B选项正确。18、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“LOL”我们定位到文章中第四段第五句话“LOL signal basic empathy(同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality”（LOL代表了发信息的人之间基本的同感，以及缓和紧张气氛和找到公平的感觉）可知那么“同感”就对应着选项A中的closer to each other，即让人与人之间的距离更近。所以最佳选项为A选项。LOL一开始的字面意义为“笑出来了”，甚至在没什么好玩的时候也会使用它，但没有关于其幽默的表述，所以排除D选项；B、C选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此A选项正确。19、【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“meat and silly”可定位到第五段第三句话“Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed”（随着时间的推移，一个单词或短语的含义也在不断变化meat被用来表示任何一种食物，silly被用来表示，信不信由你，上天保佑）可知这是个举例，而其观点在前面部分，即“the meaning of a word or an expression drifts”所以meat and silly显示出了词语意义的变化。Drift对应着D选项中的change。A、B、C均不符合题意，所以排除。因此D选项正确。20、【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话“Its a spoken language that is getting richer and more complex by the year”（这是一种“口语”语言，它正变得越来越丰富和复杂）以及最后一段最后一句话“Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers”（世界各地的人们说话的方式和书写的方式大不相同。短信快速、随意、只供阅读一次的短信其实是用手指在说话）可知这两句话都处于文章表达观点的段落，表达的意思为它是一种新的语言交流形式，和B选项构成同义的关系。所以最佳选项是B选项。A选项“它促进了人们之间思想的交流”在文中有提及，但不能概括全篇内容；C选项说法错误，文中提到没有证据表明短信正在破坏写作技巧；D选项体现在本文第一句，但是不是作者的想法，所以排除。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Some people hold that, since we live in a money oriented society, the average individual cares little about solving （ ） problems.问题1选项A.anyone elsesB.anyones elseC.anyone elsesD.anyone【答案】C【解析】anyone else“别的任何人”，其所有格形式应在else后，即anyone else；anyone不应分开写，else不是名词，没有复数形式。5. 单选题John will（ ）if the firm needs an IT engineer because he can encode programs for the firm.问题1选项A.come into his ownB.come into beingC.keep to himselfD.hold the stage【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come into ones own“得到重视；得到自己该得的东西；受到尊敬；被承认”；B选项come into being“形成；产生”；C选项keep to oneself“保守秘密；不交际”；D选项hold the stage“继续上演，引人注目；没完没了地讲话；卖座不衰”。根据句意可推测，约翰会编程，因此当公司需要信息技术工程师的时候，他就会被公司赏识，因此A选项正确。句意：如果公司需要一名信息技术工程师，约翰会得到重视，因为他可以为公司编写程序。6. 翻译题41. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15)US businesses responded with alarm to President Donald Trumps announcement of wide-ranging tariffs on imports from China, warning that they would raise costs for American consumers and risked provoking a damaging trade war. Business groups from a range of industries expressed a common view: they shared Mr. Trumps concerns about intellectual property violations and unfair trading practices by China but thought his decision to use tariffs to address the problem would be counter-productive. One of the strongest responses to the plans came from the National Retail Federation, which said the tariffs would “punish ordinary Americans for Chinas violations”.【答案】【参考译文】美国总统唐纳德.特朗普(Donald Trump)宣布对中国进口产品广泛征收关税后，美国企业纷纷表示震惊，他们警告，关税将提高美国消费者成本，并有引发破坏性的贸易战的风险。来自不同行业的商界组织表达了共同的看法：他们认同特朗普对中国侵犯知识产权和不公平交易行为的担忧，但认为使用关税解决问题的决定可能适得其反。美国零售联合会(National Retail Federation)是对关税计划作出最强烈回应的机构之一。该机构指出，征收关税将“让普通美国人因中国的违规行为而受到惩罚”。7. 单选题For decades, people had continued to pay down mortgages until their last cent was spent. Now, increasing numbers were giving up their homes even as they continued to service other debts. Faced with a plunge in house prices across the US something that has not happened since the Great Depression of the 1930s the mortgage industry is already dealing with a surge in the numbers of people defaulting on their payments.The concern is that the losses on risky subprime mortgages could soon swell further as people with good credit history decide it is not worth continuing to make payments on houses worth less that the loan. House prices in the US are already 20 per cent from the 2006 highs and are forecast to keep falling. For many, especially those who have put little of their own money into a house, sending back the keys could be perfectly rational. The practice has given a name in the industry “jingle mail” and there are even companies specializing in helping people with the decision. Y, one such service, almost makes it sound an alluring prospect, “what if you could live payment-free for up to eight months or more and walk away without owing a penny?” the website asks.Larry Rosenberger, arguably one of the most experienced crunchers of consumer debt statistics around, was meeting the consortium of mortgage lenders to talk about analyzing their data from clues about which people in negative equity could be expected to keep paying down their mortgages. They said, “were getting killed with losses, can we figure out more accurately who will do what, so we can be more accommodating with some borrowers but not with others,” Mr. Rosenberger says.The accuracy of the models used by the likes of Mr. Rosenberger to flag good and bad customers could make a huge difference to the losses that lenders eventually have to absorb losses that will, in turn, determine the availability of fresh funds for new loans. His approach was to seek clues to peoples future actions in their past behaviors. For example, people with children at local schools may be less likely to walk away than people without school-age children. People with mortgages on second homes may be more likely to give up the investment.26. Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 1?27. People stop paying house mortgages because（ ）.28. The worrying situation in mortgage industry（ ）.29. What do you think Larry Rosenberger does?30. What does the underlined word “flag” mean in Paragraph 4?问题1选项A.The pattern that people pay down mortgages has changed recently.B.The last time that house prices dropped so rapidly was the Great Depression.C.People stop paying mortgages for not only houses but also everything else.D.The mortgage industry is facing a big challenge because people can no longer pay their debts.问题2选项A.they find that their houses are worth less than the loanB.their credit cards are closed and they have gone bankruptcyC.they do not have a good credit history and fail to get the loanD.they can live in the house without paying anything问题3选项A.is accompanied by a new mailing service called “jingle mail”B.is worsened by the new business such as YC.is caused by those people who have invested little in housingD.can be changed if people become more rational and law-abiding问题4选项A.He crunches consumers so that they will pay their debts.B.He provides borrowers financial information to mortgage lenders.C.He analyses the lenders data to predict what customers will do.D.He uses his experience to help the lenders avoid risks.问题5选项A.a symbolB.a signalC.to identifyD.to attract【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】26.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段第2句Now, increasing numbers were giving up their homes even as they continued to service other debts（现在，越来越多的人放弃了他们的房子，即使他们继续偿还其他债务）可推断出，C选项“人们不仅停止支付房屋抵押贷款，而且停止支付其他所有抵押贷款”的表述是不正确的，因此C选项符合题意。27.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句中的people with good credit history decide it is not worth continuing to make payments on houses worth less that the loan（拥有良好信用记录的人认为，继续支付价值低于贷款的房屋是不值得的）可知，A选项“他们发现他们的房子的价值低于贷款”正确。28.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第四句The practice has given a name in the industry “jingle mail” and there are even companies specializing in helping people with the decision（这种做法在业内有了一个名字“叮当邮件”，甚至有专门帮助人们做决定的公司）可以推断出，A选项“伴随着一种名为叮当邮件的新邮件服务”正确。29.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第三段第一句Larry Rosenberger, arguably one of the most experienced crunchers of consumer debt statistics around, was meeting the consortium of mortgage lenders to talk about analyzing their data from clues about which people in negative equity could be expected to keep paying down their mortgages（拉里罗森伯格可以说是消费者债务统计方面经验最丰富的专家之一，他与抵押贷款机构联盟会面，讨论如何根据负资产人群有望继续偿还抵押贷款的线索来分析数据），和第四段第二句His approach was to seek clues to peoples future actions in their past behaviors（他的方法是在人们过去的行为中寻找未来行为的线索）可推断出，C选项正确。30.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。本处flag意为分辨、区分，因此C选项“识别；确定；辨认”正确。8. 单选题Humans differ from other species（ ）we possess history as well as prehistory, hundreds and hundreds of diverse cultures and subcultures, and the possibility of informed, conscious choice.问题1选项A.granted thatB.such asC.inasmuch asD.in that【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项granted that“即使；假定”；B选项such as“比如；诸如”；C选项inasmuch as“由于，因为”；D选项in that“因为；由于；既然”。句意：人类不同于其他物种， 我们拥有历史和史前史，数以百计的不同文化和亚文化，以及知情的、有意识的选择的可能性。由句意可推测出空格处应为“因为”，C选项、D选项均有“因为”的意思，但C选项inasmuch as前需要有逗号，因此D选项正确。9. 单选题The old mans face is（ ）the lines of pressure and exhaustion that have accumulated over the years.问题1选项A.branded withB.blended withC.complimented byD.complemented by【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项中brand意为“给打上烙印”；B选项中blend意为“混合”；C选项中compliment意为“恭维；称赞”；D选项中complement意为“补足，补助”。句意：老人脸上（ ） 岁月累积的压力和疲惫的皱纹。根据句意可推断出A选项正确，be branded with有“被打上烙印；带有的印记”的意思，在此句中可翻译为“布满”。10. 单选题No modern industrial enterprises can（ ）for a moment without rules and set procedures.问题1选项A.makeB.doC.tryD.perform【答案】B【解析】动词do可以用来表达完成一些日常的活动或工作。注意，这些活动通常都是没有产出具体实物的活动，所以do符合本题语义；make用来表达构造、建立和创造的意思，用来表达创造出可以触碰的实物的活动，所以排除。C、D词义不符。11. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.42.人们学会了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品质，正是这些品质使群体生活愉悦美好。在这些品质中，最重要的是同情。你若是残忍地对待动物，你就不大可能对其他人善良体贴。你若是对其他人体贴入微，你就不大可能残忍冷漠地对待动物。古代的智者写道“仁者爱人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待动物并不是说我们永远不能让动物承受痛苦。人类自身就是在快乐中、也在痛苦中经受锻炼。因此，有时候也需要用惩罚来训练我们的狗和马，使他们听从我们的指令。在医生的手下，为了疗好创伤或医治疾病，我们得忍受痛苦。为了国家的利益，我们派遣最勇敢的人们直面创伤、疾病和死亡。同样，我们让战马和我们一起亲冒矢石。【答案】People have learned to value the qualities that each of them possesses that make group life enjoyable. The most important of these qualities is compassion. If you are cruel to animals, you are less likely to be kind to other people. If you treat other people with consideration, you are less likely to treat animals with cruelty and insensitivity. This is why the wise men of ancient times wrote that “benevolent men love their animals.” Being kind to animals does not mean that we should never allow animals to suffer. Man himself is exercised in pleasure as well as in pain. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary to use punishment to train our dogs and horses to obey our commands. Under the hands of a doctor, we have to suffer in order to heal a wound or cure a disease. We have sent our bravest men and women to face trauma, disease and death in the face of what is good for our country. In the same way, we let our horses march with us through the hail of bullets.12. 单选题Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Before, whenever we had wealth, we started discussing poverty. Why not now? Why is the current politics of wealth and poverty seemingly about wealth alone? Eight years ago, when Bill Clinton first ran for president, the Dow Jones average was under 3,500, yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond, and no one talked about the “permanent boom” or the “new economy”. Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of “not leaving a single person behind”. It is possible that similar “compassionate” rhetoric might yet play a role in the general election.But it is striking how much less talk there is about the poor than there was eight years ago, when the country was economically uncertain, or in previous eras, when the county felt flush. Even last summer, when Clinton spent several days on a remarkable tour through impoverished areas from Indian reservations in South Dakota to ghetto neighborhoods in East St. Louis, the administration decided to refer to the effort not as a poverty tour but as a “new market initiative”.What is happening is partly a logical, policy-driven reaction. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. The most attractive solution to ita growing economyis being applied. The people who have been totally left out of this boom often have medical, mental or other problems for which no one has an immediate solution. “The economy has sucked in anyone who has any preparation, any ability to cope with modern life,” says Franklin D. Raines, the former director of the Office of Management and Budget who is now head of Fannie Mac. When he and other people who specialize in the issue talk about solutions, they talk analytically and on a long term basis: education, development of work sill, shifts in the labor market, and adjustments in welfare reform.But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people. It is the unusual social and imaginative separation between prosperous America and those still left out. Its simple invisibility because of increasing geographic, occupational, and social barriers that block one group from the others view.26. What does the word “straitened” in the first paragraph mean?27. What is one important reason why we do not talk much about poverty according to the author?28. What can be concluded from the passage?29. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?30. What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.StraightforwardB.WealthyC.DistantD.Difficult问题2选项A.No one knows what to do about it.B.No one has been left out of the current boom.C.Poverty really is lower than in the past.D.The president is not concerned about the poor.问题3选项A.The relationship between the rich and the poor has changed.B.We should pay more attention to poverty.C.The good economy will soon end.D.All people benefit from good economic conditions.问题4选项A.To entertain.B.To persuade.C.To tell a story.D.To describe.问题5选项A.We were more aware of the poor in the past than we are today.B.The poor are benefiting from todays good economy.C.The country is enjoying economic growth.D.There were many more poor people than there are today.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】26. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干定位到文章第一段中的“yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond每年的联邦预算赤字预计将永远达到数千亿美元，甚至更高”和“Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of not leaving a single person behind.然而，在这段更紧张的时间里，克林顿强调了不让一个人掉队的重要性。”可推知straitened有“贫困的，困难的”的意思，所以D项difficult“困难的”正确。A项“简单的；坦率的”；B项“富有的”；C项“遥远的；冷漠的”；D项“困难的”，因此D选项正确。27. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章第三段中的第二句“Poverty