大运河综合治理与保护性开发招标方案

Comprehensive Realignment and Protective Development for the Grand Canal大运河综合治理与保护性开发Hangzhou Section杭 州 段A Planning and Design Strategy规划与设计策略Prepared by: HRP GroupHRP制20 June 20022002年6月20日Prepared for: Hangzhou City Planning Bureau 杭州市城市规划局制14 Comprehensive Realignment and Protective Development for the Grand Canal Hangzhou Section4 大运河综合治理与保护性开发杭州段TABLE OF CONTENTS目录25HRP Group 20 June 2002HRP集团 2002年6月20日1.0INTRODUCTION1导言12.0CONTEXT1背景12.1 Overview1概述12.2 Connectivity2联系性22.3 The Wulin Precinct3武林地区32.4 Old Hangzhou4老杭州42.5 Bridges, Walkways And Viewing Platforms4桥、步行道和观景平台42.6 The Gateway Precinct4出入口区域42.7 Culture and Identity5文化与个性52.8 On The Water5在水面上52.9 The Tourism Trail6旅游线路63.0 PLANNING STRATEGY6规划策略63.1 Introduction6前言63.2 Urban Renewal Strategy6都市更新策略63.3 Dominant Land Use Strategy7关键土地用途策略73.4 Transportation Strategy9交通策略93.5 Environmental Strategy10环境策略103.6 Economic Strategy11经济策略114.0DESIGN STRATEGY13设计策略134.1 Introduction13前言134.2 Connectivity13联系性134.3 The Wulin Precinct14武林区域144.4 Old Hangzhou16老杭州164.5 Bridges, Walkways And Viewing Platforms17桥，步道和景观平台174.6 The Gateway Precinct18出入口区域184.7 Culture and Identity19文化和标识194.8 On The Water24在水上244.9 The Tourism Trail25旅游线路251.0INTRODUCTION导言1.1Our philosophy has been to prepare an integrated strategy, which goes well beyond the presentation of only designs in plan view. Our approach deals with tourism, community integrity, connectivity and linkages, urban amenity, transportation, character, culture, creativity, environmental quality and economic growth. It contains recommendations for physical changes as well as for symbolic change.我们的哲学提供了一个综合的策略。这种策略远高于仅仅的平面设计表达。我们的研究涉及旅游、社团整合、各种联系、都市便利、交通、个性、文化、创造性、环境质量和经济发展。它涵盖了具象的变化的优点，也包括了抽象性变化的可取之处.1.2Our approach recognises and addresses the tension which exists between the large scale of the canal (and its importance to urban structure), compared to the very human scale at which residents and tourists interact with it. To do this, we have devised a landscape rhythm along the canal, that is diverse and changing. We have also respected the structural role of the canal in the city and enhanced its status as an organising and cultural element of Hangzhou.我们的研究认识并强调了作为城市结构的重要组成部分的运河的大型尺度以及与运河接触的居民与游人的人性尺度，存在于想对于附近有关居住和游览的运河巨大尺度之中的人的尺度的倾向。（运河之大对于都市结构而言非常重要）。为此，我们在沿河运运用了景观的多样和变化的“节奏”。我们同样也尊重运河在城市中的结构角色，并将它提升到杭州文化的有机元素这一位置。1.3Our planning and urban design approach is to give the Grand Canal similar qualities to a fresh country stream:it is clean;it is full of life;it is beautiful;it transports water and life over a long distance;it changes with the seasons;in some places it flows fast and wide;in some places it flows slow and narrow;in some places the stream is crowded, with trees on both sides;in some places the stream is open, with grass banks providing views;still and quiet pools provide sanctuaries; andbusy junctions occur where other streams meet.我们的规划和都市设计研究旨在赋予大运河以清新的乡间小溪般的特质。*洁净*充满生命力*美丽*在长距离上运载水和生活*随着季节变化*某处它汹涌澎湃*有的地方它蜿蜒文静*有的地方水面狭窄，二岸绿树成荫*有的地方溪水开阔，两岸草地平坦、视野深远*平静的池塘提供庇护场所*溪水汇合处热闹繁忙1.4Our planning and design strategies are described in this report at sections 3.0 and 4.0 我们的规划和设计策略在本报告的3.0和4.0节中有描述。2.0CONTEXT背景2.1 Overview概述2.1.1Increasingly, issues of city quality and culture and becoming critical. Economic advantage, tourism spending and quality of life are the assets that Hangzhou must promote to remain competitive and successful both nationally and internationally.城市的质量和文化正日益变得严峻。经济强势，旅游投入及生活质量，经济、旅游与生活质量的全面发展要求杭州在国内及国际上保持其成功与竞争力，杭州必须在国内和国际上提高它们以保竞争性和成功。2.1.2Accordingly, there exists a need and enormous opportunity to redefine the role and function of the Grand Canal, relevant to the current time.因此，在今天存在着一种需求，同时也有无数的机会来重新定义大运河的角色和功能。2.1.3 The significant growth of the city in recent times has led to an abstract structure, disordered and not legible. This leads to feelings of loss and a desire for a better place, for an idealised urban environment. By redefining the canal, there is the potential to express urban vitality in a way not otherwise available.近来城市的快速发展导致了一种难解的结构，杂乱无章，无法辨识。这种状况造成人们的迷失感并激发了人们寻求更好的场所，一个理想的都市环境的要求。通过重新定义运河，可以得到其他方法不可得到的表达都市活力的潜力。2.1.4It is important in redefining the canal to include multiple meanings for all levels of society. This diversity must be reflected in the planning and design strategy. Central to this redefinition must be to preserve the built historical fabric and its character. This is critical in reshaping the identity of the canal.在运河的定义中含盖社会各层面的多重意义是十分重要的。这种多样性必须在规划和设计策略中得以反映。定义的核心是保护建成的历史肌理和它的个性。在重塑运河特质的过程中，这点是很关键的。2.1.5The high visibility of the canal and sites adjacent to the canal offer an unparalleled opportunity to present a stage upon which the most important pieces of the city are set. In this way, the Grand Canal can represent the culture of Hangzhou. Over time, the high visibility of the Grand Canal edge will present a varied and exiting contemporary Hangzhou, mixed with character areas of old Hangzhou. Whether old or new, the Grand Canal presents a huge opportunity to create environments that reflect contemporary ideas of the city, society and culture.运河及其周边地块的高度可视性为展现最重要的城市部件提供了舞台。因此，大运河可以重现杭州文化。历经时日，高度可见的大运河边界将展现多变和激动人心的时代杭州，也展示了杭州的典型地区。无论新与旧，大运河都创造反映城市、社会和文化的时代精神的环境的巨大机会。2.1.6However, because of the size of the canal and the sites adjacent to it, innovative mechanisms are necessary to shift the focus from the old to the new. Critical challenges include issues of public access and the appropriate mix of uses. It is necessary to provide a mix of numerous activities on and adjacent to the canal, to give life to this new (though ancient) piece of the city.但由于运河及其邻接的场地的大小，创新机制的焦点必须从旧变换为新。严峻的挑战包括了公共的可达和合适的混合用途。有必要在河沿岸提供混合的各种活动以给予这个尽管古老但新兴的城市片断以生命。2.1.7It is important to recognise that the availability of very large sites on the canal edge allows for projects likely to be at odds with the scale and grain of the traditional city. These large projects often bring increased traffic, noise and buildings in conflict with the desire for human scaled canal edge precincts. Therefore, an appropriate scale and grain for the users (residents, workers and tourists) is a critical outcome that the planning and design strategy must deliver. This applies to redevelopment sites as well as public open space. An appropriate balance must be achieved between integrated, mixed-use, fine-grained urban development and the needs of large site facilities.认识到河边的那些可利用的大场地所允许的工程项目往往在尺度与纹理上与传统城市相悖是很重要的。这些大的工程项目经常带来更多的交通、空间和于对河边区域中人体尺度的需求相冲突的建筑。因此，对于用户（居民、职员及游客）而言，合适的尺度与肌理是整个规划与设计策略必须表达的至关重要的内容。这意味着要像对公共开放空间一样重新开发河边地块。在综合的、多功能、单元型的城市发展与大型的场地设施之间必须达到一个恰当的平衡。2.1.8The role of the private sector in delivering the outcomes sought must be integrated into the strategies. The economic drivers of change include private investment and the private sector must contribute social benefits to the city in a manner that is equitable and certain.在研究结论中，私人部分的角色在策略中必须整合。经济决策包括私人投资的变化，私人部分必须以平等和确定的方式分配到社会利益2.1.9The relocated industrial port and wharf facilities must be allowed to continue without compromise of its important operations. The planning strategy must ensure no land use conflicts occur (particularly with residential use) which could restrict those operations. The zone of overlap and conflict must be managed carefully.重新布置的工业码头和港口设施必须在无损其重要功能运转的前提下得以继续存在。规划策略必须确保限制那些功能运转的土地公用冲突不会发生（特别是开发居住功能），重叠和冲突的地块要慎重处理。2.1.10Detailed analysis of design issues relevant to the 8 design aspects in Section 4.0 are described below. The 8 design aspects are:Connectivity;The Wulin Precinct;Old Hangzhou;Bridges, Walkways and Viewing Platforms;The Gateway Precinct;Culture and Identity;On The Water;The Tourism Trail;具体设计要素的分析在4.0章中分8个设计要素进行，它们是：1 联接性2 武林区域3 老杭州4 桥，步行道，观景平台5 出入口区域6 文化与个性7 水面8 旅游线路2.2 Connectivity联系性2.2.2The current form and structure of the Grand Canal suffers from disjointed and unresolved linkages that diminish the potentially wonderful urban amenity provided by the waterway. The Grand Canal should enhance and contribute to the overall city form and operation of the City of Hangzhou.现在运河的形态与结构由于其分散的和损害水道所提供的城市便利的不经考虑的联系而遭到损坏，运河应该提高有益于杭州城市整体的形态和功能运行。2.2.3A review of the overall city pattern of development and structure reveals that the majority of the city functions and focusses of activity are on the south side of the canal. The ability to link to the northern side of the canal more effectively may be achieved through a network of new pedestrian cycle bridges.通过对城市发展模式和结构的总体观察，我们发现大多数城市功能和集中的活动都位于运河的南岸，要将北岸更有效的连接起来。一个新的步行环形桥系统可能是一种办法。2.2.4The potential to link both sides of the canal has considerable potential for development, particularly on a pedestrian scale未来运河两岸的联系将会大有发展前景，尤其是在步行的尺度上。2.2.5The presence of numerous smaller tributaries to the canal have not been linked in ways that would enhance the local connections and establish meaningful overall structure to the canal and its wider city contribution.现有运河的许多更小的支流并没有以提高当地联系并在运河及更广的城市范围建立有意义的整体结构的方式被相互连接起来。2.2.6The old towpaths that characterise many kilometres of the canal have been allowed to deteriorate both in function and as visual markers for movement and connectivity.无论从功能还是运动和联系的视觉元素上，运河上长达数里的拖船道都可任其衰败。2.2.7The role of the canal as a city transportation system has been undervalued and underdeveloped.运河作为城市交通系统的角色被低估了价值也还没被发展。2.2.8The role of the canal as a physical link to the valuable old communities of the city has great potential for development.运河作为旧城有价值区块之间的联系物质条件的作用将会有巨大的开发价值。2.2.9The role of the canal as a symbol of the city and as a substantial investment if city function has been undervalued.如果忽略城市的功能，运河作为城市的标志和长线投资的对象是无疑。2.2.10The role of the canal to provide wider enrichment for the communities that have a frontage to it has been undervalued. In particular the functional benefits of proximity to the canal and connection to the communities that are within visual connection to each other has been underexploited.运河为邻近河道的社区可提供丰富、多样性的作用，特别是临近运河的功能利益和对于视觉上彼此联系的社区连接作用是确定无疑的。2.3 The Wulin Precinct武林地区2.3.1The Wulin precinct is a substantial opportunity to deliver significant city focus, identity, amenity and change in a way that dramatically repositions a part of the city that has unlimited potential for enhancement.就像戏剧性的重置城市有着无穷发展潜力的那一部分一样，武林地区实质上就是一个表达重要城市核心、标识、便利和变化的实质机会。2.3.2The Wulin precinct contains a significant range of stand alone projects that individually can create substantial amenity and collectively can create a new and important focus for the overall functioning of the city centre.武林地区包括了大范围项目，那里可以创造人性化的实质的便利，也可以为城市中心创造新的重要功能的集中点。2.3.3The Wulin precinct is the logical focus and point of interconnection for all the functional aspects of the city.武林地区理论上是城市各个功能的聚集点和联系枢纽。2.3.4The West Lake Cultural Centre redevelopment represents a considerable opportunity to create a precinct that genuinely operates on both sides of the canal and creates a city center focus of substantial scale and function. This substantial site has the potential to create a new central city focus and experience that will contribute substantial amenity to the city and create a new setting for substantial urban development, cultural depth and tourism enhancement.西湖文化中心的建设使得我们有相当的机会来创造使河两岸协同运作的区块并创造真正尺度和功能性的城市中心。这块场地有能力创造出有利于城市便利和新的都市发展模式、文化深度、旅游发展的新城市中心和体验。2.3.5The reactivation of the two remnant canal connections that intersect with the grand canal at the Wulin precinct offers considerable cultural, tourism and economic potential for this central precinct.通过对武林地区两处残余的跨河联系重新注入活力，为这个中心区块提供相当的文化、旅游和经济发展潜力。2.3.6A direct road linkage across the canal to the West Land Cultural Centre is inappropriate and would potentially diminish the ability of the project to integrate in a human scale with pedestrian amenity.直接跨越运河而到达西湖中心的道路是不合适的，这可能会减弱这个项目在步行便利系统的中整合出人体尺度。2.4 Old Hangzhou老杭州2.4.1A detailed examination of the surrounding communities that have proximity with the canal has identified the presence of many residual communities that illustrate the form and function of the traditional structure of the city.通过对临运河周边地区的深入细致的调查，可以标识出许多能折射出城市传统形态和功能的残留区块。2.4.2These communities are under direct threat from the pressures of redevelopment.这些地区直接面临重新开发带来的威胁。2.4.3The ability to reinvigorate the older centres and create a new focus in a wider city context is a significant identity opportunity.恢复旧中心的活力并创造在更宽泛城市背景下新的焦点的作用是极有可能的。2.4.4The intimate scale of the older areas is an opportunity to share these precincts in a cultural context with the wider functions of the city in general and the Grand Canal in particular.旧城的亲切宜人的尺度能够在整体上与城市功能的多样性建立文化的联系，同时也能在运河的特殊层面同样建立文化的联系。2.5 Bridges, Walkways And Viewing Platforms桥、步行道和观景平台2.5.1The canal has many bridge crossings, which in the most part are almost incidental to the function of the canal itself.有许多桥跨河而过，对运河的功能而言这是难免的。2.5.2Many of the bridges actively discourage an interaction with the water.许多桥阻碍了与水的交流。2.5.3The two heritage bridges offer an opportunity to reinterpret the canal in a wider context.两座作为文物的桥给我们以机会在更宽的背景下重新诠释运河。2.5.4The bridge structures have considerable potential for enhancement, which can reposition the canal with more identity.桥的结构大可改善，这样可给运河以更多个性。2.5.5Development of a new hierarchy of pedestrian/bicycle bridges can greatly assist the interlinking of communities that have a physical proximity with the canal.步行/自行车桥的分类体系的发展大大有助于临河的社区与运河之间的联系2.6 The Gateway Precinct出入口区域2.6.1The Gateway/Old Port precinct has major redevelopment potential. It has significant land parcels available for redevelopment. It is situated adjacent to the second CBD. It has limited heritage context and offers opportunity to promote 21st Century design.出入口/旧码头区域有着重大发展潜力，它拥有可发展的重要地块，它临近第二CBD。它的文物遗存背景有限且为21世纪设计提供了机会。2.6.2This precinct can deliver large scale projects with significant potential to engage with and contribute to an active interaction with the canal.这个地区可以发展与运河水乳交融的大尺度的物体。2.6.3The redevelopment of the old port facilities can contribute substantially to the environmental upgrade of the canal.对旧码头设施的再开发可持续地支持运河环境的改善。2.6.4This precinct has considerable potential for development of sporting facilities.这个区块有相当潜力发展体育设施。2.7 Culture and Identity文化与个性2.7.1The desire to deliver a cultural layer of meaning to the canal can be substantially contributed to by the creation of a conscious and focussed art program. Such a program would promote Hangzhou throughout China and the World as a “creative city” - a City which encourages artistic and cultural development. This reputation will contribute significantly to Hangzhous tourist diversity as well as to its business attraction, particularly for high-technology and creative industries.对运河所蕴含的文化意义的解析可以持续地支持创造鲜明特色的艺术计划，这一计划将使杭州在中国和世界层面提升为“创造性城市”一座鼓励艺术和文化发展的城市。这种声誉将会有助于杭州的旅游多样性和商业吸引力，尤其是高科技和创造性产业。2.7.2The art program can deliver layers of both traditional and contemporary meaning, that has not been identified or utilised in the form of the canal to date. It can do this by assisting with the development of new uses and meanings (eg bridges) as well as the relevant interpretation of traditional arts and culture associated with Hangzhou.艺术计划涵盖传统和当代的意义，这些意义在运河身上至今没有得到确认和利用。也可以发展新的功能和意义（譬如桥）也可以对和杭州有关的传统艺术和文化展开相关的诠释。2.7.3The art program can exploit specific opportunities such as the lighting/night life identity and function of the canal and its activities. The creation of a night market could be greatly assisted by these approaches.艺术计划可以利用特殊的条件，比如日/夜生活的特色及运河的功能和它的活动，创造一个夜间市场也是可以大大促进这些举措。2.8 On The Water在水面上2.8.1The development of water based activity has great identity and functional potential.以活动为基础的水的开发具有巨大的个性与功能潜力。2.8.2The existing industrial transport on the water is polluting and detracts from the amenity and health of the canal. It does present visual interest as a working place; however, this interest can potentially be replaced by non-polluting alternatives such as passenger ferries and tourist vessels.现存的工业水运有污染并且有害于运河的健康与便利。它固然提供了以工作场地为形象的视觉兴趣，但由步行与旅游的场景等无污染的视觉趣兴来取代，则更理想。2.8.3There exists very little reason for people to interact with the canal. There are few opportunities to experience the water or to move close to the water.现在人们很少有理由与运河做交流。也很少有机会体验水或近水、亲水。2.9 The Tourism Trail旅游线路2.9.1The creation of a wide range of tourism activities is virtually unexploited.对广泛的旅游活动的开发其实还没有被研究。2.9.2The linking of the canal to the existing major tourist attractions of the city (Westlake etc) has significant development potential.到达城市主要旅游目的地（如西湖）的联系具有巨大的发展潜力。2.9.3Tourism has the ability to engage with the canal along its entire length, both in small scale installations and in wider city impact formats.无论在小尺度的设施还是在城市形态结构上的尺度，旅游有能力涵盖运河的全程。Ferry stops;Environmental Corridors;Historic linkages;Night market;Food markets/ fish market;Adaptive reuse;Seasonality;Adjoining land uses,轮渡站环境通道历史文物连接体夜市食品市场/鱼市场适应性的再利用季节性相邻土地利用3.0 PLANNING STRATEGY规划策略3.1 Introduction前言3.1.1The Planning Strategy for the Grand Canal is complementary to the Design Strategy which follows in Section 4.0. They must be read and implemented together as they represent a single package of measures for the comprehensive realignment and protective development of the Grand Canal.大运河的规划策略与下面4.0章“设计策略”是互补的。要一起阅读它们并互为补充。因为它们代表了对运河综合整治与保护性开发的一体化研究。3.1.2The Planning Strategy contains Urban Renewal Principles (which are the foundation for the planning and design strategy), Dominant Land Use recommendations and an Economic Strategy. This section also describes how the planning strategy promotes and improved transportation system and environmental quality.规划方案包含了“都市更新原则”（对于规划和设计策略而言这是基础），“关键土地使用”的推荐和一份经济策略。这个部分也描述了规划策略如何提升和改善交通系统和环境质量。3.2 Urban Renewal Strategy都市更新策略3.2.1Urban renewal of the Grand Canal urban section of Hangzhou must address tomorrow with the experience of yesterday. It must marry economics and design. The solutions must be practical and aimed to meet common objectives.运河杭州段的都市更新一定要强调用昨日的体验来表达明天。它必须结合经济与设计。它的方案一定要现实可行并且符合共同的目标。3.2.2The urban renewal solutions must join communities; avoid building decay and present the Grand Canal as a front door, not a back door to the City.都市更新方案一定要结合社区；避免建筑衰落并将运河表达为城市的前门而非后门。3.2.3The following 20 principles for urban renewal of the canal have been adopted for the project:运河都市更新的方案将遵循以下20条原则：Improve the environmental quality of the Grand Canal;Enhance the Grand Canals image as a key gateway to Hangzhou;Provide continuous publicly accessible open space of varying width along the length, and on both sides, of the Grand Canal;Design and develop nodal parks along the waterfront that focus activities and views to the water. Locate these parks at appropriate distances.Design and develop a mix of uses at a high density to create vital, active areas fronting the nodal parks;Strengthen community links, by connecting parks and canal walkways from surrounding communities with the Grand Canal;Make the canal edge public space, not private space;Design open space along the canal that a