国际贸易实务双语课程教学大纲

国际贸易实务（双语）课程教学大纲（2005年制订）课程编号：010003英 文 名：Practice of International Trade 课程概述：本大纲适用于国际经济与贸易专业的专业主干课。本课程以国际货物买卖为对象，以交易条件和合同条款为重点，以国际贸易惯例和法律规则为依据，联系我国外贸实际，具体介绍进出口合同的条款内容、合同订立和履行的基本环节与一般做法。国际货物买卖是通过磋商、订立、履行国际货物买卖合同进行的，订立和履行国际货物买卖合同对当事人双方的权益利害关系重大，国际货物买卖合同的基本内容就是买卖双方当事人买卖特定货物所涉及的权利义务的具体规定，其表现形式主要是合同条款，即交易条件的具体化，其中包括买卖货物的品名和质量、数量、包装、价格、交付货物的时间和地点、运输方式、保险、价款的支付、检验、索赔、不可抗力、仲裁等。合同条款是交易双方当事人在交接货物、收付货款和解决争议等方面的权利和义务的具体体现，也是交易双方履行合同的依据和调整双方经济关系的法律文件，因此，研究合同中各项条款的法律含义及其所体现的权利和义务关系，乃是本课程最基本的内容。在国际贸易方式中除了大量采用单边进口和单边出口外，还有包销、代理、寄售等贸易方式，所以研究有关货物买卖的各种国际贸易方式的做法、特点及其发展，也是本课程的任务之一。凡从事国际贸易的人员，不仅必须掌握国际贸易的基本原理、知识和技能与方法，而且还应学会分析和处理实际业务问题的能力，以确保社会经济效益的顺利实现。教学目的：进出口业务是一门研究国与国之间有形商品即货物买卖的有关理论和实际业务的课程。有关国际货物买卖的基本理论和业务做法，是每一个从事各种国际贸易实际工作和研究工作的人员必须掌握的基本知识。同时，了解和掌握国际货物买卖的知识，也是更好地和掌握技术进出口和国际服务贸易方面知识地必要途径。本教程就是主要介绍国际货物买卖方面的基础理论、基础知识和基本的操作技能。通过本课程的学习，使学生初步掌握进行国际货物买卖的基本理论、基础知识和基本技能；学会在进出口业务活动中，既能正确贯彻我国对外贸易的方针政策和经营意图，确保最佳经济效益，又能按国际规范办事，使我们的基本做法能被国际社会普遍接受。教学方法：本课程是一门方针政策与业务技术相结合、实践性很强的综合性的应用课程。在本课程的教学过程中，教学方法要注意结合以下这几个问题。1、 教学要贯彻理论联系实际的原则。在学习本课程时，要以国际贸易基本原理和国家对外方针政策为指导，将国际贸易、中国对外贸易等先行课程中所学到的基础理论和基本政策加以具体运用。教师在讲课过程中，对涉及到的内容，可有针对性地带领学生回顾一下，力求做到理论与实践、政策与业务有效地结合起来，不断提高分析与解决实际问题的能力。2、 教学要注意业务同法律的联系。国际贸易法律课的内容同国际贸易实务课程的内容关系密切，因为，国际货物买卖合同的成立，必须经过一定的法律步骤，国际货物买卖合同是对合同当事人双方有约束力的法律文件。履行合同是一种法律行为，处理履约当中的争议实际上是解决法律纠纷问题。而且，不同法系的国家，具体裁决的结果还不一样。这就要求从实践和法律两个侧面来研究本课程的内容。教师在讲授过程中，可采用案例的形式3、采用双语教学。对于外贸专业人员而言，不仅要掌握一定的专业知识，而且还必须会用英语与外商交流、谈判及写传真、书信。如果专业英语知识掌握不好，就很难胜任工作，甚至会影响业务的顺利进行。因此，在教学工作中，教师应采用双语教学，要求学生加强英语的学习，掌握外贸专业术语。4、教学要注意本课程同其他相关课程的联系。国际贸易实务是一门综合性的学科，与其他课程内容紧密相联。在教与学的过程中，应该将各门知识综合运用。比如讲到商品的品质、数量和包装内容时就应去了解商品学科的知识；讲到商品的价格时，就应去了解价格学、国际金融及货币银行学的内容；讲到国际货物运输、保险内容时，就应去了解运输学、保险学科的内容；讲到争议、违约、索赔、不可抗力等内容时，就应去了解有关法律的知识等等。5、教学要注意贯彻洋为中用的原则。为了适应国际贸易发展的需要，国际商会等国际组织相继制定了有关国际贸易方面的各种规则，如国际贸易术语解释通则、托收统一规则、跟单信用证统一惯例等。这些规则已成为当前国际贸易中公认的一般国际贸易惯例，被人们普遍接受和经常使用，并成为国际贸易界从业人员遵守的行为准则。因此，在本课程的教学中，必须根据洋为中用的原则，结合我国国情来研究国际上一些通行的惯例和普遍实行的原则，并灵活运用国际上一些行之有效的贸易方式和习惯做法，以便按国际规范办事，在贸易做法上加速同国际市场接轨。 6、坚持学以致用原则。本课程是一门实践性很强的应用学科。在教学过程中，要重视案例、实例分析和平时的操作练习，并组织学生实习，以增加感性知识，加强基本技能的训练，注重学生能力培养。在培养规模上突出应用性，加强实践性，注意灵活性。各章教学要求及教学要点Introduction课时分配：3课时教学要求：本篇要求学生了解本课程的研究对象和学习方法，为学习以后各篇打下基础。重点是国际贸易和国内贸易的区别以及国际贸易的流程。教学内容：I. Content and Teaching Methods of this BookA. ContentB. Teaching MethodsII. Features of International Commodity TradeIII. Laws Relevant to International Commodity TradeA. Domestic LawsB. International Trade PracticesC. International TreatiesIV. Basic Content of Contracts for the International Sale of GoodsV. Basic Procedures of Import and ExportA. Basic Procedures of ExportB. Basic Procedures of Import思考题：1. Why are Contracts for the International Sale of Goods the basic contracts?2. How many laws are about the conclusion and implementation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods? What are they?3. What are the basic contents of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods?4. What are the procedures of import and export?Part I Subject Matter of Contracts 课时分配：9课时教学要求：品名 、质量、数量和包装条款是国际货物买卖合同中的主要条款，对此有关国际公约及各国法律都有具体的规定。订好这些条款有着重要的法律和实际意义。通过本篇的学习，学生应了解品名、质量、数量和包装条款的内容及规定方法，并能熟练运用进出口贸易中常用的计量方法进行计算。重点是质量的规定方法、数量的机动幅度和运输标志。教学内容：Chapter 1Name and Quality of CommodityI. Name of CommodityThis clause is a main component of the description of goods. As the basis of a transaction, it concerns the rights of the buyer and the seller. Therefore, as a main condition of sale, the name of commodity should be clearly stipulated.II. Quality of Commodity and its RequirementsDifferent commodities have different qualities, and even the same commodity has different qualities. Therefore, great care needs to be taken to specify terms to avoid any disputes.A. Concept of Quality B. Importance of QualityC. Basic Requirement of QualityIII. Description of Commodity QualityThe methods often used are the sales by sample, by sample, by specification, grade or standard, by brand or trademark, or by description, drawing or diagram. A. Sale by Sample1. Sale by Sellers Sample2. Sale by Buyers Sample3. Sale by Counter SampleB. Sale by Description4. Sale by Specifications5. Sale by Grade6. Sale by Standard7. Sale by Description and Illustration8. Sale by Brand and Trade MarkIV. Clause of Name and QualityA. ContentB. Quality Latitude and Quality Tolerance Chapter 2Quantity of Commodity It is evident that a business deal cannot be completed without caring for the quantity of the goods sold or bought. It is the quantity that counts for much. In particular, the business laws of certain countries stipulate that the quantity of the goods delivered should be identical to that called for in the contract. The buyer has the right to reject the goods the whole lot or that portion of the goods excessive in quantity. Therefore due attention should be paid to the quantity terms during business negotiation.I. Calculation of QuantityA. Calculations1. By Gross Weight2. By Net Weight3. By Conditioned Weight4. By Theoretical Weight5. By Legal and Net Net WeightB. Important Metrologies in the WorldC. Metric WaysII. Quantity ClauseA. ContentB. Quantity Latitude ClauseChapter 3Packing Proper packing can be extremely important depending on the type of product and its destination. Ocean voyages may be most damaging to the goods that are not properly packed.I. Transport PackingA. TypesB. Marks1. Shipping Mark2. Indicative Mark3. Warning MarkII. Sales PackingA. TypesB. Decoration and DescriptionC. Product CodeIII. Designated Brand、No Brand and Neutral PackingA. Designated BrandB. Neutral Packing1. No Brand Neutral Packing2. Designated Brand Neutral PackingIV. Packing Clause思考题：1. What should be paid attention to when we make quality clause?2. What should sellers pay attention to in sale by sample?3. When are different descriptions of quality used?4. How to understand “Approximately or About Clause”?5. What are included in the quantity clause?6. What are the functions of transport packing?7. What should be paid attention to when we print shipping marks?Part IIPrice of Commodity and Trade Terms课时分配：10课时教学要求：商品的价格是交易的主要条件。本章主要介绍了有关贸易术语的国际惯例，各种贸易术语的含义、分类，以及对各种贸易术语的解释与应用；还介绍了进出口商品对外作价的原则、方法，不同价格的构成及其相互之间的换标，进出口经济效益的核算。通过对本篇的学习，学生应了解国际惯例的种类及适用条件，掌握常用的几种贸易术语中有关买卖双方责任、风险、费用的划分以及13种贸易术语的异同等内容，并能在实际业务中灵活、正确地加以运用。了解进出口商品的作价原则和方法，掌握主要贸易术语间的换标及进出口经济效益的核算，学会对外报价和制定合理的价格条款。重点是六个基本贸易术语的含义、有关买卖双方责任、风险、费用的划分和应用以及主要贸易术语间的换标及进出口经济效益的核算。教学内容：Chapter 4Trade Terms Trade terms are an important component of a unit price in international trade, standing for specific obligations of the buyer and the seller. Every commercial transaction is based upon a sales contract, and the trade terms used in the contract have the important function of naming the exact point at which the ownership of the merchandise is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The trade terms also define the responsibilities and expenses of both the seller and the buyer. The use of the trade terms greatly simplifies the contract negotiations, and thus saves time and cost. I. ConceptsII. International Trade PracticesA. Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932B. Revised American Foreign Trade Definition 1941C. INCOTERMS 2000III. Six Important Trade TermsA. FOBB. CFRC. CIFD. FCAE. CIPIV. Other Seven Trade TermsA. EXWB. FASC. DAFD. DESE. DEQF. DDUG. DDPChapter 5Price Clause in Sales Contract Price clause including unit price and total amount is an important component of an export contract and should be clearly specified in the contract. A unit price is composed of four parts: currency unit, unit figure, measurement unit and delivery terms.I. Pricing WaysA. Fixed PriceB. Changeable PriceC. Temporary PriceD. Sliding PriceII. Currency of PaymentA. Lower Import Price or Raise Export PriceB. Use both Hard Currency and Soft CurrencyC. Include Exchange Clause in ContractsIII. Quantity and Unit PriceIV. The Selection of Trade TermsChapter 6Export Cost Calculation and Commission & DiscountI. Calculation of Export Commodity CostII. Commission and DiscountA. ConceptsB. DescriptionC. CalculationD. Settlement思考题：1. Why do we use trade terms in international trade?2. Please list the six important trade terms in English and Chinese, together with their English abbreviation.3. Please explain why there are some changed trade terms with examples?4. Please make a unit price clause including commission and discount respectively.5. Case Study.Part IIIDelivery of Commodity课时分配：9课时教学要求：本篇主要介绍了进出口货物的运输方式及其不同运输方式所使用的单据和装运条款，还介绍了货物运输保险知识和办理保险的做法。通过本篇的学习，学生应了解各种运输方式及其特点，熟悉提单的种类和作用，掌握装运条款的主要内容、规定方法，并能正确计算运费。掌握海运风险与海运损失的有关内容，以及我国海运货物险别及合同的保险条款和伦敦保险协会海运货物保险条款，学会操作货运保险业务及订立合同中的保险条款。重点是运费的计算、提单的种类和特点以及海运风险与海运损失的有关内容，我国海运货物险别。教学内容：Chapter 7Time and Place of Delivery As most world trade is conveyed by sea transport, exporters and importers are more concerned with transport by sea than in other ways. Ocean Carriage is the most widely used mode of transportation in international trade as well as efficient form in terms of energy.I. Delivery and ShipmentII. Time of DeliveryIII. Ports of Shipment and of DestinationIV. Partial Shipment and TransshipmentV. Shipment ClauseChapter 8Transport ModeI. Ocean TransportA. Operation Modes of Ocean TransportB. Ocean Transport FeesC. Documentation1. Ocean Bill of Lading2. Ocean WaybillII. ContainerizationA. ConceptsB. AdvantagesC. Hand-over and Take-overD. Main DocumentsE. FeesChapter 9Transport Insurance of Commodity Marine insurance is defined as contract of insurance whereby the insurance company in return for premiums collected undertakes to indemnify the insured in a manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses, that is to say, the losses incidental to marine adventure. Indemnity implies that the purpose of an insurance contract is to enable a party to cover the loss that it has suffered.I. Basic Principles of InsuranceII. Scope of Transport Insurance of CommodityA. RisksB. Losses and FeesIII. Chinas Risk Types and Insurance ClausesA. Basic RisksB. Additional RisksIV. Institute Cargo ClausesV. Practice of Import and Export InsuranceVI. Insurance Clause思考题：1. How to specify the port of shipment and the port of destination respectively in export contracts?2. Please list the characters and functions of Bill of Lading.3. What is partial shipment? What are the relevant regulations in UCP 500?4. What is On Board B/L? Why must sellers provide On Board B/Ls?5. What does the Free from Particular Average cover?6. What is actual total loss?7. Is only insurance policy needed for ocean insurance? Any other documents needed?8. What should be paid attention to in insurance clause?Part IVSettlement of Payment课时分配：8课时教学要求：本篇对选用何种支付工具、在什么时间和地点采取什么样的支付方式收付货款等问题进行了阐述。通过本篇学习，让学生应了解汇票、本票、支票等支付工具的使用与主要区别；熟悉各种支付方式的选用、支付条款的制定；掌握汇收与托收的种类及使用程序；掌握信用证的性质、特点、内容及开立结算的程序。重点是托收的种类和使用以及信用证的性质特点和开立结算的程序。教学内容：Chapter 10Documentation Instrument is a document that has monetary value, or is evidence of a financial transaction. Examples of financial instruments are bills of exchange, checks, promissory notes , bill of lading, stocks, and so on. They are used for the payment or transfer of money. Among then, the most often used is draft.I. Bill of ExchangeA. ConceptsB. Required ContentC. TypesD. Settlement ProceduresII. Promissory Note and CheckA. Promissory NoteB. CheckChapter 11Remittance and Collection To effect payment in international trade, the parties involved need to discuss about the methods of payment, the place and time of payment, and so on.I. RemittanceA. PartiesB. Types and ProceduresC. Application in Import and ExportII. Collection Collection is the presentation for payment of an obligation and the payment thereof. Under collection, the exporter takes the initiative to collect the payment from the buyer.A. ConceptsB. PartiesC. TypesD. Basic Procedures of D/P and D/AE. Financing of D/P and D/AF. Uniform Rules for CollectionsG. FunctionsH. Some Important IssuesChapter 12Letter of Credit A letter of Credit is a payment term generally used for international sales transactions. It is basically a mechanism, which allows importersbuyers to offer secure terms of payment to exporters sellers in which a bank gets involved. The technical term for Letter of Credit is Documentary Credit. I. ConceptsII. PartiesIII. ContentIV. Procedures of PaymentV. Characters and FunctionsVI. Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP)VII. FeaturesVIII. TypesChapter 14Selection of Alternative Payment ModesI. Factors that Must Be ConsideredII. Mixed Use of Different Payment ModesIII. Installment and Deferred PaymentChapter 15Payment ClauseI. Remittance ClauseII. Collection ClauseIII. Letter of Credit Clause思考题：1. Why are both remittance and collection (Honor of draft) commercial credit?2. What are the similarities and differences between D/P.T/R and D/A?3. What are the differences between DP at 30 days after sight and DA at 30 days after sight?4. What are the relations between L/C and sales contracts?Part VPrecaution and Settlement of Discrepancy课时分配：1课时教学要求：在国际贸易中，买卖双方往往会因为各自的权利和义务问题而起争议，甚至导致索赔、仲裁、诉讼等情况发生。本篇中主要介绍商品检验、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁等方面的条款。通过对本篇的学习，学生应了解和熟悉争议的预防、处理方法，掌握检验检疫、索赔、不可抗力与仲裁条款的内容及其规定。教学内容：Chapter 16Inspection of CommodityChapter 17ClaimChapter 18Force MajeureChapter 19Arbitration思考题：1. How many ways can be used to settle claims in international trade? What are they?2. How to deal with Force Majeure? (Principles.)3. Why should the place and time of inspection be specified in Sales Contracts?4. How to calculate the compensation in international trade?Part VINegotiation, Conclusion and Implementation of Export Contracts课时分配：6课时教学要求：本篇主要阐述了交易双方就交易条件进行磋商，以求达成一致协议的具体过程同时还对合同的形式、内容进行了介绍，以及一笔出口合同，出口方履行的程序。通过对本篇的学习，学生应了解进出口磋商的程序，熟悉有关公约、惯例对询盘、发盘、还盘、接受的规定；了解出口合同的履行过程，掌握备货与报验、开证、审证与改证、租船订舱、投保、报关与装运，以及制单结汇等方面的要求与操作。重点是出口合同磋商的基本环节和出口合同履行过程以及涉及重要单据的制作。教学内容：Chapter 20Negotiation and Conclusion of Export Contracts Business Negotiation is an important part of conducting an export trade. It is the dealings between the sellerexporter and the buyerimporter in order to reach an agreement on price, payment, quantity, quality, and other terms or conditions of a sale. Evidently, the conclusion of a sales contract results from the business negotiation to the satisfaction of both parties.I. Styles and Content of Export NegotiationII. Basic Procedures of Export NegotiationA. InquiryB. OfferC. Counter OfferD. AcceptanceIII. Conclusion of Export ContractA. OfferB. AcceptanceIV. Some Important Issues in NegotiationV. Signature of Written ContractA. SignificanceB. TypesC. ContentChapter 21Implementation of Export ContractsI. Prepare Export CommodityII. Get Letter of CreditIII. Arrange ShipmentIV. Make Documents and Settle PaymentsV. Receive Foreign Currency and Get Export Drawback DutyVI. Settlement of Breach思考题：1.What are the procedures of trade negotiation? In order to conclude a contract, what procedures are necessary?2.What are necessary requirements for a legal offer?3.Why is negotiation important in international trade?4.What is the force adeffect of late acceptance?5.What are the procedures of implementing a CIF contract with sight credit?6.In the export, why is preparation of commodity important? What should be paid attention to?7.Why must we check through L/Cs carefully when we receive them from foreign buyers?8.When checking through L/Cs, what should we base on? What need to be checked?9.What should be paid attention to when we ask buyers to revise L/Cs?10.What are Ante dated B/L and Advanced B/L? What are the risks in using these B/Ls?11.Why is documentation important in export?12.How to check through the L/C?Part VIIImport Trade课时分配：5课时教学要求：本篇主要阐述了进口交易的准备以及进口交易磋商和合同的订立，还介绍了进口合同的履行。通过本篇的学习，学生应了解进口交易的准备阶段和交易磋商的环节，了解进口合同履行的一般程序，掌握开证、审证和改证以及租船订舱、投保、审单付款、报关报验、接货、索赔等的基本要求和实际操作。重点是进口合同履行的一般程序。教学内容：Chapter 22Preparation before Import TradeI. InvestigationA. Price TrendB. Creditability of SupplierII. Calculation of Import CostA. Elements of Import CostB. Principles of PricingC. Calculation of PriceIII. Management of Commodity ImportA. Prohibitive CommoditiesB. Restrictive CommoditiesChapter 23Negotiation and Conclusion of Import ContractsI. Negotiation of Import TradeA. InquiryB. OfferC. Evaluation and Counter OfferD. AcceptanceII. Conclusion of Import ContractsChapter 24Implementation of Import ContractsI. Issue and Revise Letter of CreditII. Arrange Shipment and InsuranceIII. Handle Documents and Make PaymentIV. Apply to CustomsV. Carry out Import InspectionVI. Make Claims思考题：1. What are included in the expenses of import goods?2. How to apply for import license?3. What should be paid attention to in import negotiation?4. What are the basic articles in import contracts?5. Please compare the articles in import contracts with those in export contracts?6. What are the differences between procedures of import contracts implementation and those of export contracts implementation?7. What should be paid attention to when importers apply to issue L/C? What should be paid attention to when exporters ask for revision of L/C?8. How to deal with import insurance?9. How to deal with import inspection?10. 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