机械基础设计要点说明

.机械基础设计要点-作者：-日期：.DOC资料. 音乐盒实验报告 专业：生产过程自动化 班级：08机电（2）班 姓名：何远龙 指导老师：陈玉琼 2010-10-08一、实验材料1、仪器设备，软件工具软件用途keil 软件源程序的编译Proteus软件实现电路的仿真Progisp软件将程序下载到学习板上进行实验 硬件 用途万用表检测硬件电路学习板实现源程序的调试，并通过实验现象来修改程序2、元器件清单元件名称参数数量IC插座DIP401单片机89C511晶体振荡器12MHZ1瓷片电容22PF2按键4IC插座DIP81三极管2N50881电阻1K4电解电容47uF1电阻5108蜂鸣器无源式1小喇叭1放大器LM3861二、实验过程描述1、设计功能描述（1）通过改变单片机输出脉冲高低电平的保持时间和频率，可以得到音阶和调节不同的音调，运用定时中断来控制节拍，从而来演奏乐曲。（2）用数码管显示当前播放的歌曲序号。（3）通过功能键控制上，下曲目的选择以及乐曲的暂停和播放。2、原理图设计思路由P1.0口控制一个LM386功率放大器，经功率放大器控制发声器件小喇叭。当P1.0口输出低电平时，三极管导通，小喇叭通电；当P1.0口输出高电平时，三极管截止，小喇叭断电。通过连续不断周期性地改变P1.0口的高、低电平，就会产生一定频率的矩形波，小喇叭就能产生一定频率的声音，再配合延时程序控制高、低电平的持续时间，就能改变音调。由P3.2、P3.3、P3.4、P3.5分别作为开始键/停止键，暂停键、下一曲键、上一曲键。图中还将共阳级数码管相应的段选控制端用P0口控制，将数码管的公共端，也称“位选端”由P2口控制。原理图如下：3、程序设计思路，并画出流程图程序思路：初始化设置，开延时与外部中断，按下P3.2键先唱第一首，然后循环播放。若有按下P3.3键则执行暂停作用，再按一次则继续播放；若有按下P3.3,P3.4键则分别执行下一曲、上一曲功能。播放歌曲是多少数码管则显示相应的数字。流程图如下：主流程调用del20子程序First子程序判断P3.2键是否释放选曲地址清0显示码送P0口，显示位送P2口表1首地址送DPTR调用music0子程序调用next子程序RETNext子程序选曲地址加1显示码送P0口，显示位送P2口表2首地址送DPTR是=1？调用music0子程序选曲地址加1RET调用first子程序是=2？表3首地址送DPTR显示码送P0口，显示位送P2口调用music0子程序选曲地址加1是=3？显示码送P0口，显示位送P2口表2首地址送DPTR调用music0子程序表3首地址送DPTR是=2？选曲地址加1Last子程序调用music0子程序是=1？是=0？表1首地址送DPTR显示码送P0口，显示位送P2口显示码送P0口，显示位送P2口调用music0子程序RETP3.2键释放？Music0子程序中断计数单元清0查表取常数是结束符00H?恢复初始条件A清零延时1秒后，再循环是休止符FFH?P3.2键按下？P3.4键按下？P3.5键按下？音阶常数送R6R0=0？取节拍常数送R7启动T0定时器P1.0取反，按R6常数延时节拍时间到否停止T0计数，中断计数20H单元清0，DPTR加1RET调用del20子程序延时100ms 调用del20子程序跳转到STARTP3.4键释放？P3.5键释放？调用next子程序调用last子程序调用del20子程序Del20子程序循环次数05送R4空操作RETR4-1=0?R3-1=0?中断响应调用del20子程序P3.3键释放？R0值取反中断返回4、写出源程序与必要的注释shuzhiequ 3fh;选曲目的地址songequp1.0;扬声器播放P1.0playequp3.2;播放停止键P3.2addoneequp3.4;曲目加一键P3.4suboneequp3.5;曲目减一键P3.5dulequp0;数码管段选P0口welequp2;数码管位选P2口org0000hljmpstartorg000bh;定时器0溢出中断入口地址ajmpcont;指向定时器中断程序org0013h;外部中断一入口地址ajmppause;指向外部中断程序org0100hstart:movsp,#50hmovth0,#0dbh;定时器赋初值movtl0,#0ffhmovtmod,#01hmovie,#86h;开中断movtcon,#00hmovr0,#00hmovshuzhi,#00hmain:jnbplay,first;判断P3.2键是否按下sjmpmainfirst:acalldel20jnbplay,first;判断P3.2键是否释放movshuzhi,#00hmovdul,#0f9h;显示数值1movwel,#7fh;显示位送P2口movdptr,#dat1;表1首地址送DPTRacallmusic0acallnextret next:incshuzhi;shuzhi+1 mova,shuzhicjnea,#01,loop3;A是否=1,不等就跳转到LOOP3movdptr,#dat2;表2首地址送DPTRmovdul,#0a4h;显示数值2movwel,#7fhacallmusic0incaloop3:cjnea,#02,loop4;A是否=2,不等就跳转到LOOP4movdptr,#dat3;表3首地址送DPTRmovdul,#0b0h;显示数值3movwel,#7fhacallmusic0incaloop4:cjnea,#03,next;A是否=3,不等就跳转到nextacallfirst retlast: decshuzhi;shuzhi-1mova,shuzhicjnea,#02,last1movdptr,#dat3movdul,#0b0hmovwel,#7fhacallmusic0last1:cjnea,#01,last2movdptr,#dat2movdul,#0a4hmovwel,#7fhacallmusic0last2:cjnea,#00,lastmovdptr,#dat1movdul,#0f9hmovwel,#7fhacallmusic0retmusic0:mov20h,#00h;中断计数单元清0music1:clramovca,a+dptr;查表取音阶常数jzend0;是结束符?cjnea,#0ffh,music5;是休止符?ljmpmusic3;产生100ms停顿music5:nopkey:jnbplay,k0;判断P3.2键是否按下jnbaddone,k1;判断P3.4键是否按下jnbsubone,k2;判断P3.5键是否按下movr6,a;音阶常数送R6incdptr;DPTR+1mova,#0movca,a+dptr;取常数送R7movr7,asetbtr0;启动定时器T0music2:nopcjner0,#0,$cplsong;输出电平取反mova, r6movr3,a;音阶常数送R3lcalldel20mova, r7;节拍常数送Acjnea,20h,music2;节拍时间到否mov20h,#00h;为取下一音阶作准备incdptrljmpmusic1music3:nop;休止100msclrtr0;关闭定时器movr2, #14h;R2=20music4:nopmovr3, #250;R3=250lcalldel20djnzr2, music4incdptr;为取下一音阶作准备ljmpmusic1end0:movr2, #200;歌曲结束后,延时1s后继续music6:movr3, #250lcalldel20djnzr2,music6k1:acalldel20;调用延时子程序jnbaddone,k1;判断P3.4键是否释放acallnextk2:acalldel20jnbsubone,k2;判断P3.5键是否释放acalllastk0:acalldel20jnbplay,k0ljmpstartretdel20:movr4,#05hdel4:nopdjnzr4,del4djnzr3,del20retcont:inc20h;计数单元+1movth0,#0dbh;重新10ms定时初值movtl0,#0ffhreti;跳出中断pause:acalldel20jnbp3.3,pause;判断P3.3键是否有释放mova,r0;把R0的值给Acpla;A值取反movr0,aretidat1:db 3bh,20h,3bh,20h,30h,20h,33h,20h,3bh,80h,0ffhdb 3bh,20h,3bh,20h,26h,20h,2bh,20h,26h,80h,0ffhdb 26h,20h,26h,20h,20h,20h,26h,20h,2bh,20h,2bh,20h,30h,20h,33h,10h,33h,10hdb 3bh,60h,40h,20h,4ch,80h,0ffhdb 3bh,20h,3bh,20h,30h,20h,33h,20h,3bh,80h,0ffhdb 3bh,20h,3bh,20h,26h,20h,2bh,20h,26h,80h,0ffhdb 26h,20h,26h,20h,20h,20h,26h,20h,2bh,20h,2bh,20h,2bh,20h,30h,20hdb 33h,20h,3bh,20h,3bh,20h,40h,2bh,3bh,80h,0ffhdb 19h,20h,1ch,40h,26h,20h,19h,20h,1ch,40h,26h,20h,0ffhdb 20h,20h,1ch,20h,1ch,20h,20h,20h,26h,80h,0ffhdb 19h,20h,1ch,40h,26h,20h,19h,20h,1ch,40h,26h,20h,0ffhdb 20h,20h,1ch,20h,1ch,20h,20h,20h,26h,80h,0ffhdb 2bh,20h,2bh,40h,3bh,20h,2bh,20h,2bh,40h,2bh,20h,0ffhdb 26h,20h,2bh,20h,2bh,20h,30h,20h,2bh,80h,0ffhdb 2bh,20h,2bh,40h,3bh,20h,30h,20h,30h,40h,2bh,20h,0ffhdb 33h,20h,3bh,20h,3bh,20h,40h,20h,3bh,80h,0ffh,0ffhdat2:db 18h,30h,1ch,10h,20h,40h,1ch,10hdb 18h,10h,20h,10h,1ch,10h,18h,40hdb 1ch,20h,20h,20h,1ch,20h,18h,20hdb 20h,80h,0ffh,20h,30h,1ch,10h,18hdb 20h,15h,20h,1ch,20h,20h,20h,26hdb 40h,20h,20h,2bh,20h,26h,20h,20hdb 20h,30h,80h,0ffh,20h,20h,1ch,10hdb 18h,10h,20h,20h,26h,20h,2bh,20hdb 30h,20h,2bh,40h,20h,20h,1ch,10hdb 18h,10h,20h,20h,26h,20h,2bh,20hdb 30h,20h,2bh,40h,20h,30h,1ch,10hdb 18h,20h,15h,20h,1ch,20h,20h,20hdb 26h,40h,20h,20h,2bh,20h,26h,20hdb 20h,20h,30h,80h,20h,30h,1ch,10hdb 20h,10h,1ch,10h,20h,20h,26h,20hdb 2bh,20h,30h,20h,2bh,40h,20h,15hdb 1fh,05h,20h,10h,1ch,10h,20h,20hdb 26h,20h,2bh,20h,30h,20h,2bh,40hdb 20h,30h,1ch,10h,18h,20h,15h,20hdb 1ch,20h,20h,20h,26h,40h,20h,20hdb 2bh,20h,26h,20h,20h,20h,30h,30hdb 20h,30h,1ch,10h,18h,40h,1ch,20hdb 20h,20h,26h,40h,13h,60h,18h,20hdb 15h,40h,13h,40h,18h,80h,00hdat3:db 26h,10h,26h,20h,26h,10h,26h,10h,2bh,10h,30h,20h,26h,40h,0ffhdb 26h,10h,26h,10h, 20h,10h,1ch,10h,0ffhdb 20h,20h,20h,20h,20h,10h,26h,30h,2bh,80h,0ffhdb 1ch,10h,1ch,10h,1ch,10h,20h,10h,1ch,30h,18h,10h,20h,40h,0ffhdb 26h,10h,2bh,10h,30h,10h,2bh,10h,0ffhdb 26h,20h,20h,20h,2bh,20h,20h,20h,30h,40h,0ffhdb 30h,10h,1ch,10h,1ch,10h,19h,10h,18h,10h,19h,10h,1ch,10h,1ch,10h,0ffhdb 1ch,10h,1ch,10h,1ch,10h,18h,10h,20h,10h,20h,10h,26h,10h,20h,10h,0ffhdb 20h,30h,20h,10h,18h,20h,18h,20h,0ffh,19h,20h,20h,10h,1ch,10h,1ch,80h,0ffhdb 18h,10h,19h,10h,1ch,10h,18h,10h,18h,40h,0ffhdb 19h,20h,20h,20h,18h,20h,19h,10h,19h,10h,19h,10h,1ch,30h,1ch,0c0h,0ffhdb 13h,10h,13h,10h,13h,10h,15h,10h,13h,10h,15h,10h,18h,10hdb 18h,10h,18h,10h,15h,30h,0ffh db 15h,10h,1ch,10h,15h,10h,1ch,10h,18h,10h,18h,10h,15h,10h,18h,10h,0ffh,18h,10hdb 26h,10h,1ch,10h,26h,10h,20h,20h,1ch,10h,20h,10h,20h,40h,0ffhdb 26h,10h,2bh,10h,2bh,10h,30h,10h,26h,20h,18h,10h,1ch,10h,20h,20h,20h,20h,0ffhdb 20h,30h,20h,10h,1ch,20h,18h,20h,18h,20h,15h,10h,18h,10h,18h,10h,15h,30h,0ffhdb 15h,10h,20h,10h,20h,10h,20h,10h,1ch,20h,18h,20h,18h,20h,15h,10h,18h,10hdb 18h,10h,15h,30h,1ch,10h,18h,20h,18h,10h,18h,20h,15h,10h,18h,10h,18h,0c0h,00h end5、片内RAM地址与IO分配表片内RAM名称用途3fhShuzhi选曲目的地址R0中断地址R3暂存音阶常数20H存放10ms定时中断的次数R6存放音阶常数R7存放节拍常数R2、R4改变延时时间P0Dul数码管段选P2Wel数码管位选P1.0Song扬声器播放P3.2Play播放停止功能P3.3暂停功能P3.4addone曲目加一P3.5subone曲目减一6、子程序列表子程序名称功能出入口First唱第一首曲目无出入口Next执行下一曲功能出、入口均为ALast执行上一曲功能出、入口均为AMusic0唱出相应的音阶、节拍R0入口，无出口Del20延时20ms入口R3,无出口7、调试结果描述（1）功能基本实现：按下P3.2键时，第一首曲目开始播放，若按下P3.3键，则曲目暂停播放，再按下此键时，曲目继续播放下去。若按下P3.4、P3.5键，则分别执行下一曲、下一曲功能。再按下一次P3.2键时，曲目停止播放。数码管上有显示相应的歌曲序数。（2）功能不足：按下P3.2键执行停止功能时不够稳定，停止后数码管上还有数字显示。按下暂停键重新播放时，会延时一小段时间才继续播放。8、出现问题及解决方法（1）出现问题：按键扫描放错地方导致按键不能正常使用。解决方法：把按键扫描程序放在取音阶常数程序前面，只有把按键扫描功能放在这里，按键的功能才会被程序所扫描到，才能执行相应按键的功能。出现问题：暂停功能不能使用解决方法：暂停功能不能使用是源程序开始时值没有设好，没有开中断，只要输入相应的外部中断地址和设好初值，加上给它一个地址R0，没有按下P3.3键时，R0等于0，程序往下执行，当按下P3.3键时，R0不等于0，则程序原地跳转，即执行暂停作用，再按下此键时R0取反，程序跳出中断，歌曲继续播放。