《2013夏徛荣考研英语认知词汇一本通》高频词根

高频词根小结【特别提示】在英语语言历史演变的过程中，单词的词形和词义都会发生或多或少的变化，但是“万变不离其中”。这个“中”就是某一单词的“核心含义”。词根、词缀是构成英语单词的元素，了解、牢记和把握这些元素，不仅可以牢固地掌握单词的意义，达到事半功倍的学习效果。对于应试的读者，词根在篇章中所起到的一致性和连贯性的作用更是非同小可的。本词根表中，出现的词汇仅仅为考试大纲词汇表要求的词汇，但是如果掌握好这些词根，也同样为将来的学习打下了坚实的基础。【符号说明】最前面部分为词根，词根有两种：自由词根（例如“act”，可以单独构成词汇）和附着词根（例如“-ag-”，不可单独用作词汇）。单词后带“*”为超纲词汇。“-acer- / -egr-”: sour; sharp （酸；锋利） acid; acute; acrimony; eager; vinegar; “-act - / -ag-”: do; perform; drive （做；行为；冲） act; action; actor; activate; activity; agency; agent; agenda; agitate; essay; exact; interact; react; transaction; activist*; agile*; “-aer / -air-”: air; mist （空气） aerial; aeroplane; airplane; aerobics; air; aircraft; airline; airport;“-aesm / -aesti-”: estimate; value（估计） aim; estimate; esteem;“-agri- / -ager-”: field; land（田野；地） agriculture; agrarian; pilgrim;“-add- / -dere- / -agger-”: heap; put（堆积；放置） add; additional; addition; exaggerate;“-agon-”: struggle; anguish（痛苦） agony;“-aisl / -isle-”: wing（翼） aisle;“-ali- / - alt - / -el-”: foreign; other; (change) （外；其他；变化） alien; alter; alternate; altruism; else; elsewhere; unalienable*; adulterate*;“-alti- / -alto-”: high; top（高；提高） altitude; alto; enhance; old;“-am- / -ama- / -ami-”: love（爱） amateur; amiable; enemy; “-ambi-”: going around （走动） ambassador; ambiguous; ambition; ambulance; amble;“-amplus-”: spacious （大；宽敞） ample; amplify; amplifier;“-anima-”: life; breath; mind（生命） animal; animate; unanimous; animate*; “-ann-”: years（年） anniversary; annual;“-ante- / -ant- / -anti-”: before（前；之前） anticipate;“-apt- / -ept- ”: fit; fitted; suitable; fasten（适当；紧） apt; adapt; adaptation; inept;“-arc-”: bow（弓） arch; “-archi-”: chief（主要） architect; architecture;“-arm-”: weapon （武器） arm; alarm; “-art- / -arti- / -ert-”: craftsmanship （艺术；技艺） art; artist; artificial; inertia; “-aster- / -astr-”: stars（星星） astronaut; disaster; disastrous;“-atmo-”: vapor（气） atmosphere;“-auc- / -aug- / -auth-”: increase; growth （增加） auction; augment; author; authority; auxiliary; “-aud- / -aur- / -edi-”: hear; hearing; ear（听） audience; audit; aural; obedience; obedient; obey; ; “-auto- / -auth-”: self; genuine（自己；真正的） authentic; automate; automobile; automatic; automation; “-avan- / -aban- / -ante-”: set out before（前） advance; advanced; advantage; disadvantage; vantage;“-avia-”: bird（鸟） aviation;“-balk- / -balc”: beam; ridge（横梁；阻碍） balcony;“-ball- / -bull- / -bu- / -bow- / -pill-”: dance; globe （球；圆） ball; ballet; balloon; bowl; bowling; bubble; bulb; bull; bullet; bulletin; bully; pill; bud （等）；/ pillow; “-band- / -bend- / -bond- / -bind- / -bunc-”: join; combine (limit) （结合；限制） abandon; ban; band; bandage; bend; bind; bond; binding; bound; boundary; bunch*; bondage*; “-bank- / -bench- / -banqu-”: bench （长凳“过去为金融交易的地方”） bank; bankrupt; bench; banquet; bench; “-bar-”: stick; rod （长木条） bar; barrel; embarrassment;“-bas- / -bass-”: of low height; pedestal （基础） base; baseball; basic; basis; database; “-bat- / -bar- / -bell-”: club; hit （木棍；打击） bar; barrel; barrier; bat; battery; battle; combat; debate; batter*; belligerent*; abate*; baton*; billiard*; rebuke*; “-bene- /-bon-”: good （好；善） benefit; beneficial; bonus;“-bi- / -bin- / -bo-”: two; twice （二；两；双） combine; binary; balance; bicycle; billion; biscuit; both; combination; combine; “-biblio-”: books（书） Bible; bibliography;“-bill- / -bull-”: seal; document; boss （玉玺；印章） bill; bulletin; bull; bully;“-bio- / -bi-”: life（生命） biography; aerobics;“-blam- / -blasm-”: blaspheme（亵渎） blame; blaspheme*; “-brac-”: arms（双臂） brace; bracket; brake; embrace;“-bread- / -breed- / -brib-”: crumb; morsel （面包） bread; breed; bribe; bribery;“-break- / -breach- / -brick-”: break （打破） break; breach; brick; brisk;“-brev- / -brief-”: short （短；简） brief; brevity;“-bri- / -brill-”: shine （闪耀） bright; brighten; brilliant;“-cal- / -car- / -char-”: heat （热量） calm; calorie; carbon; charcoal; coal;“-camp- / -champ-”: field; plain; battlefield（战场；田地） camp; campus; campaign; champion;“-can- / -chan- / -cap- / -cat- / -chief-”: small vessel; tube; head; chief（小容器；管 / 头；首） achieve; cabbage; can; canal; candy; canoe; cannon; cap; cape; capital; capitalism; captain; cattle; chapter; cheek; chef; chief; choke; escape; channel; cane*; canyon*; cunning*; uncanny*; cage; chimney; / kettle “-cap- / -cab- / -cip- / -cas- / -cach- / -chas- / -ceiv- / -cept- / -ceit- / -cup-”: take; catch; seize; realize; contain; hold（拿；抓；捕；握） anticipate; accept; capture; captivity; cable; capable; capacity; capsule; captive; captivity*; case; cash; cashier; cassette; catch; cater; chase; conceive; concept; conception; cop; copy; deceive; deceit; except; exception; occupation; occupy; participate; perceive; prince; receipt; receive; reception; recipe; reciprocal; recover; recovery; susceptible; capricious*; capsize*; conceit*; recuperate*; apperceive*; caption*; covert*; disciple*; encapsulate*; precept*; preoccupy*; receptacle*; / seize; size; “-car- / -char-”: cart; carry; wagon; load（车；载） car; career; cargo; carpenter; carriage; carrier; carry; cart; charge; “-card / -chart-”: paper（纸） card; chart; charter; “-cav-”: cave; hollow（洞穴） cave; cavity*; concave*;“-ceal- / -cel- / -cul-”: hide （躲藏） conceal; occult*; “-cel- / -cell- / -celer-”: rise up; swift; high （升高；快速） excel; excellent; accelerate; decelerate; culminate*;“-cent- / -cens- / -chant-”: sing; song; chant（歌唱） accent; charm; chorus; incentive; cant*; enchant*; “-cent- / -cent-” : a hundred; hundredth（百；百分之一） cent; centigrade; century; centimeter;“-cent- / centr-”: center（中心） center; central; concentrate; eccentric; “-cern-”: mingle with; mix（混合） concern; discern; discreet; decree*; “-cerp- / -carp-”: select; pluck（选择） excerpt; scarce; scarcely; “-cert-”: certain; strive; work（确证 / 争取） ascertain; certain; certainly; certainty; concert; uncertainty; certificate; certify; decertify*; “-cess- / -ceed- / -ced- / -ces-”: move; go（行，走，动） access; ancestor; cease; cheese; concede; concession; exceed; exceedingly; excess; precede; precedent; preceding; predecessor; procedure; proceed; proceedings; process; procession; recede; succeed; success; successful; succession; successive; successor; incessant*; deceased*; “-chai- / cait-”: chain; link（联系） chain;“-chiev- / -chef- / -chief-”: head; conclusion（头，首） achieve; chef; chief; mischief;“-cid- / -cad- / -cas- / chans-”: fall （下降；降落；天意） accident; case; casual; casualty; chance; cheat; coincide; coincidence; decay; incidence; incident; incidentally; occasion; occasionally; recidivism*; decadent*; “-circ- / -cycle-”: round; ring （圆；环） bicycle; circle; circuit; circular; circulate; circumstance; circus; cycle; cylinder; recycle; search;“-cis / -cid-”: cut（剪，砍，剁） cement; concise; decide; decision; precise; precisely; precision; scissors; suicide;“-cit- / -civ-”: citizen（公民） citizen; city; civil; civilian; civilize; civilization;“-cite- / -cit-”: rouse; summon; excite; stimulate（唤；召；激） cite; excite; excitement; exciting; recite; entice*; celebrate; celebrity; code; encode; decode; “-claim- / -clam-”: shout; call; appeal（呼，唤，争） acclaim; claim; exclaim; proclaim; reclaim; declaim*; “-clar- / -clear-”: clear（清楚，清晰） clarity; clear; declare; declaration; “-class-”: rank; fleet（队，级） class; classify; classified; classification;“-clim- / -climb-”: ladder（梯） climax; climb;“-clim- / -clin-”: incline; tend; bend（倾，弯） climate; climax; decline; incline;“-clud- / -claus- / -clos-”: close; shut （关，闭，合） clause; close; conclude; conclusion; disclose; enclose; enclosure; exclude; exclusive; include; inclusive; preclude; secluded*; “-cogn- / -quain- / -gnos- / -know- / -gnor- / -gna-”: to know perfectly（认知） acquaintance; cognitive; acknowledge; knowledge; know; diagnosis; ignorance; ignorant; ignore; know; knowledge; narrative; noble; notice; noticeable; notify; notion; notorious; recognition; recognize; cognition*; quaint*; “-colo- / -cole- / -cult-”: farm; settlement; cultivate; inhabit（殖，植） agriculture; colony; colonial; culture; cultivate; cult*; cull; coil; accumulate; cumulative; “-commo- / -commu-”: general; universal; share（共，普，享） common; communicate; communication; community;“-contra- / -counter-”: against; opposite（反对，对抗） contradiction; contrary; contrast; country;“-cord- / -cor- / -cour-”: heart; gut（心，内脏） accord; cord; cordial; core; courage; discourage; encourage; record; recorder;“-coupl- / -cop-”: birth; pair（结子；连接） couple; “-corp- / -corpus-”: body（身体） corporate; corporation; incorporate;“-cosm- / -kosm-”: universe; order; world （宇宙，世界） cosmic;“count”: count; calculate; compute（计，算，数） account; accountant; count; counter; county; discount; “-coup- / -cop- ”: cut; to strike（剪，击） coupon; “-cours- / -cor-/ -cur”: run; flow（跑，流） corridor; course; current; currency; curriculum; discourse; excursion; hurry; incur; intercourse; occur; occurrence; recur; recourse*; “-covr- / -cover-”: cover over （覆盖） cover; discover; uncover;“-creat”: make; produce（产生；创造） create; creation; creativity; creature; creationism; recreate;“-cred”: credit; faith（相信） credential; credit; discredit; credible; credulous; grant; incredible; creed*; “-cres / -creas- / -cruit-”: grow（增加，增长） concrete; crew; decrease; increase; increasingly; recruit; crescent*; create(类别)“-crim-”: verdict; accusation; crime; criminal; criminologist*; “-crimin- / -cris- / -crit- / -cros- / -crux-”: cross; divide; decide; able to discern （十字形；分开，区分） cross; crucial; cruise; / crisis; criteria; discriminate; discrimination; crusade*; “-crop-”: sprout; craw （萌芽；芽） crop; cruise;“-crud- / -crud- / -crue-”: press; hurry（血腥，粗糙；敦促；急迫） crude; cruel; cruelty; crowd; “-cuit- / -cuis-”: cook（烹饪） biscuit;“-cum(u)- / -cil-”: heap up（堆积） accumulate; council; coil; cull*; “-cur- / -car- / -cher-”: care; dear （关心；珍爱） accurate; accuracy; care; careful; caress; charity; cherish; cure; curious; secure; security; charity*; precarious*; “-cus- / -curs-”: curse（诅咒） accuse; curse; excuse;“-damn- / -demn- / -temn-”: damn（谴责） condemn; contempt; damage; damn; danger;“-day- / -dai-”: day （日；天） dial; daily; day; diary;“-dec- / -deci-”: ten（十） dean; decade; December; decimal;“-dece- / -deco-”: ornament（教堂装饰） decent; decorate; “-demo-”: people; folk（民；民众） democracy; democratic; epidemic; demography*; “-dense-”: thick（厚；浓） condense; dense; density;“-deterior-”: worse（更糟糕） deteriorate;“-di- / -du- / -doub- / -dub-”: two（二，两，双；怀疑，可疑） dilemma; double; dubious; duplicate; dual*; doubt; doubtful; undoubtedly;“-dic-”: fix （固定；决定） addict;“-dic / -diti- / -dex- / -doc- / -dox-”: speak; teach; show; belief（说；教，信仰） condition; contradict; contradiction; contradictory; dedicate; dictate; dictation; discipline; index; indicate; indication; predict; verdict; / doctor; doctrine; document; orthodox; paradox; indict*; jurisdiction*; docile*; dogma*; “-digni- / -divi- / -divu- / -dei-”: god; worth; merit（神；价值，优点） divine; dignity; indignity*; disdain*; “-domai- / -domi-”: lord（贵族；封地） domain; dome; domestic; dominant; dominate; domineering*; dauntless*; “-dorm / -diz- / -doz- / -daz-”: sleep; quiet; lull; weak（睡眠；眩目；安静） dazzle; dizzy; doze; dormant; dormitory; daze*; “-dot / -dote- / -don- / -dat- / -dos- / -dit-”: give; grant（给予；授予） anecdote; donate; dote; data; date; dose; dosage; edit; editor; edition; editorial; endow; pardon; render; tradition; treason; update; up-to-date; “-drain- / -dry- / -drou-”: dry（干燥） drain; draught; dry; drought; drug; draw; dredge*; “-dram- / -dras-”: do; perform（做；履行） drama; dramatically; drastic; “-dress-”: direct; straight; arrange（直接；安排） address; dress; “-drift- / -drive-”: float（漂移） drift; “-duc- / -duct- / -doc-”: lead（领，导） conduce; conduct; deduce; dock; educate; education; induce; introduce; introduction; produce; product; production; productivity; reduce; reduction; reproduce; seduce*; “-due- / -dev- / -deb-”: owe（欠） debt; due; duty; endeavor; undue; unduly*; dues*; “-dur- / -duur-”: last; harden（延续；艰辛） door; durable; duration; during; endurance; endure; indulge; “-dare- / -durr- / -turr-”: venture; dare（冒险） dare;“-ease- / -aise-”: comfort; to relieve（安逸；减轻） disease; ease; easy; uneasy;“-eco-”: life; environment; money（生命；环境；金钱） ecology; economic; economical; economics; economy;“-equa-”: to equal; level（平等；等同） adequate; equal; equality; equation; equivalent; “-ern-”: energetic; activity（能量；活动） earnest; energy;“-err-”: wanderer; to err（偏移；过错） erroneous; error;“-esse- / -ens- / -esse- / -est-”: to exist; to be（存在） absent; absence; entity; essence; interest; presence; present; presently; represent; representative;“-eston- / -stun-”: strike with thunder（打击；惊异） astonish; pierce;“-et- / -eat- / -ed-”: eat（吃） eat; eatable; edible;“-ethn- / -ethno-”: nation; race（民族；种族） ethnic; “-exam- / -exem-”: weigh; take out（掂量；取样） exam; examination; example; sample;“-exo- / -ext-”: outside（在外） exotic; exterior; external; extra; extreme;“-fabr- / -forg-”: workshop; craftsman （制作；工艺） fabric; fabricate; forge;“-face- / -fac- / -fect- / -fic- / -fy / -feas- / -fair- / -feat-”: to do; to make; / easy; facile（做，作，制；容易） affair; affect; benefit; beneficial; to certificate; defeat; defect; deficient; effect; effective; efficiency; efficient; exemplify; face; fact; factor; factory; fashion; fashionable; feasible; feat; feature; fiction; infect; infection; office; officer; official; perfect; perfection; proficiency; profit; profitable; suffice; sufficient; superficial; surface; faction*; / difficult; difficulty; facilitate; facility; faculty; facet*; prefecture*; profiteering*; / fatigue; “-fail- / -fal- / -faut-”: to disappoint; deceitful（失误，失望；欺骗） fail; failure; fall; false; fault; fell;“-faint- / -faind-”: sluggish; feigned; idle（闲游） faint;“-fari- / -fame- / -fate- / -face- / fabu- / -phec- / -fess- / -fit-”: speak; narrative（说，讲，谈） confess; confession; fable; fabulous; fame; famous; fate; fatal; infant; preface; profess; profession; professor; professional; prophet; fabulous* fudge*; “-fasc-”: bewitch; charm; an enchantment（着迷） fascinate;“-fav-”: protect; show kindness to（庇护；善意） favor; favorite; favorite; “-feb-”: weep; to be lamented（哀泣） feeble;“-fend- / -fence- / -fens-”: protect; shield; strike（保护） defend; fence ; offence; offend; offensive; “-fer- / -far- / -fert- / -ford-”:bring; take; carry; to bear (birth) （带，拿，载，承担） afford; affordable*; confer; conference; cf; differ; different; difference; differentiate; ferry; fertile; indifferent; infer; inference; metaphor; offer; prefer; preferable; preference; refer; reference; suffer; transfer; translate; deferential*; “-feri- / -feru-”: low; below（漂移） inferior;“-fid- / -fait- / -fed-/ -fy-”: trust; confidence（信任，相信） confide; confident; confidence; defy; defiance; faith; faithful; federal; federation; diffident*; “-fier- / -feru-”: wild; savage（野蛮） fierce;“-fil-”: son; brother （儿子，兄弟） affiliate; “-fin-”: end; limit（端点；限制） confine; confinement; define; definite; definition; definitely; fine; final; finance; financial; fine; finish; finite; infinite;“-fir- / -foc- / -fue- / -fur-”: fire; rage（火，热；愤怒） fire; fiery; focus; fuel; furious; furnace; fury;“-firm- / firm / -farm-”: make firm; settle（稳健，稳固） affirm; confirm; farm; firm;“-flat- / -flar-”: blow （吹） inflate; inflation; deflate*; deflation*;“-flex- / -flect-”: bend （弯曲，折） flexible; reflect; reflection;“-flic-”: strike （打击，撞击）conflict; afflict; inflict*; “-flu- / flu / -flo-”: flow; wave（流动；波动） affluent; float; flow; flood; fluctuate; fluent; fluid; flush; fly; influence; influential; overflow; superfluous;“-fod- / -fos-”: dug up; dig（挖，掘） fossil;“-fori-”: outside （外部；外围） foreign; foreign; forest; forum; “-form-”: form; shape; fashion（形式，形状，方式） conform; conformist; form; formal; format; formation; formula; formulate; inform; reform; transform; deform*; “-fort- / -fors-”: chance strong （天意；强大，力量） fortune; fortunate; misfortune; / comfort; comfortable; uncomfortable; effort; enforce; force; reinforce; fortitude*; fortress*; fortify*; “-fostr-”: feed; food（食物；滋养） foster; “-frac- / -frag-”: break（打破，破裂） fraction; fracture; fragile; fragment;“-fray”: frighten; disturb（惊异；打扰） afraid;“-front”: forehead（额头） confront;“-func- / -fung-”: perform; discharge（功用） function; “-fund- / -found-”: bottom; deep; melt; cast（底；深） found; foundation; fund; fundamental; profound;“-fus- / -fut- / -fund-”: mingle; mix; pour; beat（混合；倾倒） confuse; diffuse; fund; fuse; futile; refund; refuse; refusal; transfuse*; “-gage-”: pledge（保证，誓言，抵押） engage; engagement;“-gard- / -guard-”: look; watch; see（关注，认知） disregard; guard; regard; regarding; regardless;“-genus- / -gene- / -gine-”: origin; race; produce; breed; talent; contrive; kind（起源；产生；创造；种类） degenerate; engine; engineer; engineering; gender; gene; general; generalize; generate; generation; generator; generous; genetic; genius; genuine; homogeneous; ingenious; congenital*; genre*; “-gest-”: carry; to bear; bring（载；拿） digest; gesture; register; suggest; suggestion; gesticulate*;“-graph- / -gram-”: writing（写） bibliography; biography; autobiography; diagram; program; calligraphy*; “-grat- / -gree- / -grac-”: rejoice; pleasure （快乐；高兴） agree; agreement; agreeable; congratulate; disgrace; grace; grateful; gratitude; greet; greeting; ingratiate*; gratis*; “-grav- / -grave- / -grie- / -gret-”: make heavier（变得沉重） aggravate; grave; gravity; grieve; grief; regret; grievance*; grim; “-gress- / -grad- / -gree- / -greg- / -gru-”: step; go; flock （步伐；走；聚合） aggressive; aggression; congress; degree; grade; gradual; graduate; progress; progressive; segregate; upgrade; transgress*; gregarious*; “-guise-”: manner（方式） disguise;“-gust- / -gous-”: taste（品味；胃口） disgust;“-hab- / -hib-”: hand; hold (forth); have; living condition; dress; character（拿；持；生存；穿戴） able; disable; exhibit; habit; habitat; heave; heavy; inhibit; prohibit; rehabilitate*; inhibit*; cohabit*; “-hale-”: whole; pull; draw; breathe（吸；拉） haul; heal; health; healthy; inhale;“-hanc- / -haut-”: high; raise（高度） enhance;“-hand- / -haur- / -haus-”: seize; draw（手；取；拿；抓） exhaust; hand; handbook; handicap; handkerchief; h