比较级最高级用法

在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词或副词前加more（如more natural, more clearly ）或加后缀 -er（newer, sooner ）。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英 语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做比较句型”其中，像“A比B更”的表达方式称为比较级；而“A最”的表达方式则称为最高级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化 成比较级或最高级的形态。一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;（1）单音节词女口： small tsmaller 宀smallest short 宀shorter 宀shortesttall ttaller ttallest greattgreater tgreatest（2）双音节词女口： clever t cleverer tcleverest narrow t narrower t narrowest2以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st;如： large tlarger tlargest nice tnicer tnicest able tabler tablest3. 在重读闭音节（即：辅音+兀音+辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er, 最高级加 -est；女口： big t bigger t biggest hot t hotter t hottest fat tfatter tfattest4. 以 辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;如： easyteasier teasiest heavy theavier theaviest busytbusier tbusiest happy thappier thappiest5. 其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most;女口： beautiful t more beautiful tmost beautiful different tmore different tmost different easily tmore easily tmost easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.（2）形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示”非常。It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.6. 有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。女口： goodTbetter t best well t better tbest badtworsetworst illtworsetworstoldTolder/elder Toldest/eldest many/muchTmoreTmost littleTless Tleastfar Tfurther/fartherT furthest/farthest二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1. “A + be 形容词比较级+ than + B 意思为“A比B更”。女口： This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的 比较。 在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度强得多”女口： A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite 一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。2. 比较级+ and +比较级或“ more and more原级表示 越来越 ”如： It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3. 在含有 or 的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 如： Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高， Tim 还是 Tom?4. “the比较级,the+比较级”，表示 越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner， the better.越快越好。5. 表示倍数的比较级用法： .A istimes the size /height/le ngth/width of B.女口： The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。（新楼是旧楼的四倍高 ） . A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如： Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。（亚洲比欧洲大三倍 ） . A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如： Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6. 形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示 最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如： of the three, in our class 等等。 如： He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。7. 否定词语+比较级”，否定词语+ soas结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8. 比较级与最高级的转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class7. 修饰比较级和最高级的词1）可修饰比较级的词 .a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。 . 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 .以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错 ） Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对 ） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2）下列词可修饰最高级： by far, far, much, mostly, almost 。 This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与 much 不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.8. 要避免重复使用比较级。（错 ） He is more cleverer than his brother.（对 ） He is more clever than his brother.（对 ） He is cleverer than his brother.9. 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。（错 ） China is larger that any country in Asia.（对 ） China is larger than any other country in Asia.10. 要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11. 要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比较： Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.三. 典型例题1） Are you feeling ? Yes， Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite goodD. quite better答案： B. any 可修饰比较级， quite 修饰原级， well 的比较级为 better.2）The experiment was easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. muchD. more much答案： C. much 可修饰比较级，因此 B，C 都说得通，但 easier 本身已是比较级，不需 more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案： D 。比较级和最高级的用法1两者相比（甲=乙），用“ as原级+as 表示Tom is as tall as Mike.2. 两者相比(甲 乙)，用not as(so)原级+as或less tha表示I didn t do my homework so(as) carefully as you.The picture is less attractive than that one.3. 两者相比(甲乙) ，用 比较级 +than ”表示Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.注意： 1) 为了避免重复，在从句中常用 one, that, those 等词来代替前面提过的名词。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.2) 比较等级应注意避免和包括自己的对象比。比较级 +than+any other + 单数名词all the other + 复数名词anyone elseany of the other + 复数名词3) 如果形容词作定语修饰一个单数可数名词，一般将不定冠词a/an放在形容词之后。Our neighbour has ours.A. as a big house asB. as big a house asC. the same big house asD. house the same big as4) 比较级前一般不用冠词，但若表示两者中较时”比较级前要加定冠词。若比较级 后有名词，常在比较级前加不定冠词，表示泛指。E. g. 他是两者中较高的一个He is the taller of the two.她唱得真动听！我可从未听过比这更好的嗓音了。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.4. 三者或三者以上相比， 表示最高级时， 用 the 最+ 高级 ”的结构表示， 这种句式一般常有表 示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.That was the least exciting football game Ive ever watched.This hotel is the most comfortable Ive ever stayed.注意：当最高级的前面无限定词the或有不定冠词a/an时，仅表示 很，非常”Monday is my busiest day.星期一是我很忙的一天。Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful coastal city.青岛是一个非常美丽的海滨城市。比较级的一些其他用法1 倍数表示方法a) 倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+ asb) 倍数 +形容词 /副词比较级 +thanc) 倍数 + the + n. + ofThis rope is three times longer than that one. (这条绳子比那条长三倍。 )This rope is three times as long as that one. （这条绳子是那条绳子的三倍。 ） This rope is three times the length of that one. （这条绳子比那条绳子长三倍。 ）没有比更2 用形容词比较级的否定形式，从反面来表示最高级，通常译为 No other book has a greater effect on my life. 没有哪一本书比这本书对我的影响更大的了。=This book has the greatest effect on my life. 考例： Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?-. I love getting close to nature.A.I couldn t agree moreB. I m afraid not. C.I believe notD.I don t think so.3 more and more 越来越 Our city is getting bigger and bigger.Our city is getting more and more beautiful.4 the more the more 越 就越 The more you study, the more you know.The busier the old man is, the happier he feels.The more intelligent students are, the more quickly they understand ideas. 5 可用下列词来修饰形容词的比较级much a lot slightly a little almost far a bit still课时五 祈 使 句 祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语 you 常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号， 读降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句 = Please stand up. 请起立。 （ 2）Be + n./adj. careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！1）动词原形 + 其他Stand up, please.Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子 ! Be （3）Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分Let me help you. 让我来帮你。Let s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句 （1） Dont + 动词原形 Dont stand up. 别站起来。 Dont be careless. 别粗心。Dont let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 （ 2）Let 型的否定式有两种 :“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“ Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。 Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 （3）no 开头 ,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼！3.祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如： Do shut up! 快住口！ 4. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will 或 wont。 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1）形式一致（即Yes与will保持一致；No与won t保持一致）2）意思相反 （即 Yes 是 “不”的意思； No 是 “是”的意思 ）。 在回答时，要注意分析上下文 语境中所提供的条件。 如： - Don t go out, please. It s raining heavily outside. 请不要出 去。外面雨下得很大。 Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。 5. 祈使句的反意疑问句 （1） 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问 部分用 will you 或 wont you。Please open the door, will/ won t you? 请把门打开，好吗？ （2） 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you。Dont be late again,will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？ （3） 以 lets 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shallwe。Lets turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？ 只有以lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we,而let us开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为 will you 或 wont you. 如： Let us stay here, will/ wont you? 请（你） 让我 们留在这好吗？、单项选择：1. Please , theyA. not be so noisy B. be quite2. to meet me at the station. IA. Not to forget B. Not forget3. It s a fine day. Let A. won 4. Don A. do you5. - DonA. don 6. If you are tired, A. haveB. having7.A. Do letB. Let do7. He is not honest. _A. NotB. Don9.A. GettingB. Get8. in the street. ItA. Not play9. PleaseA. lendB. lending C. borrow10. The film is about to begin. Please seated.A. be B. are C. is11. down the radio. The babyA. Turning B. To turn C. Turned12. Lucy, the door or someone will come in.A. closeB. closes C. not close re having a meeting.C. mustn t talk D. no speaking ll be waiting there.C. Forget nots go fishing, ?C. don t we ?C. can yout foergtto come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I tB. won t C. cana rest.C. to have me go. It is very important for me.C. Doing let believe him. t C. To notup early tomorrow, or you canC. To get s dangerous.B. Not to play C. Don t play _ me some money, will you? B. lendingt we B. will yout smoke in the meeti-nrgoom, B. will youD. Don t forgetD. shall weD. could yout D. haven tD. hadD. To do letD. Not to t catch the train.D. GotD. Don t to playD. borrowingD. being s asleep in the next room.D. TurnD. is closing15. and play football in the street after lunch.s goA. Let s not to goB. Let s not goC. Let s don t go D. Not let16. A sign with the words“ ” is often found in a bus.A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smokingD. Don t speakingD. KeptD. do weD. does he17. Chinese in you English class.A. Not speak B. Don t speak C. Speak not18 . the boxes. You may use them later.A. KeepB. KeepingC. To keep19. If you want to stay, let me know, ?A. will youB. shall weC. do you20. Never come late again, ?A. will youB. won t you C. do you21. The TV is too loud. Please.A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it22. late again, Bill!A. Dont to be B. Dont be C. Not be D. Be not23. cross the road until the traffic lights turns green.A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont24. Please help me carry it, ?A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we25. Dont make so much noise, ?A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D. do you26. Do you know the girl under the tree?A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood27. Kate, your homework here tomorrow.A. bringB. brings C. to bring D. bringing28. me the truth, or Ill be angry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell29. Ive kept the dog Maomao for a long time.A. name B. named C. naming D. to name30. Dont you know that is good for our health?A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims二. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. It s an important meeting. (not, be )late.2. (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and (be) polite.4. ( not, talk) and (read) aloud.5. (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. (look) out! A car is coming.7. (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you (catch) a cold.10. Let s (not, say) anything abotu. t i三、句型转换11. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改为祈使句) again more slowly, please.12. If you dont listen to me, Ill go. (改为同义句) me, or I ll go.13. Lets watch the sports games. (改为反意疑问句)Lets watch the sports games, ?14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. (改为祈使句) careless, please.15. Please sit next to Nancy. (改为否定句) next to Nancy.16. Dont forget to turn off the lights, please. (改为反意疑问句)Dont forget to turn off the lights, ?17. If you move, youll die. (改为同义句) , or youll die.18. Come to my house tomorrow. (改为反意疑问句)Come to my house tomorrow, ?19. 这是一个坏了的被子。 (翻译句子)This is a .20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 (翻译句子)Let s go and help the , please.课时七 一般将来时 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作， 事情或存在的状态， 也表示将来 经常或反复发生的动作或事情1)will/shall+ 动词原形 shall 用于第一人称， 常被 will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称， 在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 will not=wont shall not=shant 例如： Which paragraph shall I read first ？ 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家 好吗？2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如： What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划， 安排要发生的事。 例如： The play is going to be produced next month 。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 例如： Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3) be +不定式表将来， 按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 例如： We are to discuss the report n ext Saturday我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4) be about to + 不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意： be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。Notice:be to 和 be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。 (客观安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我 想去踢球。(主观安排)5) .现在进行时表将来时下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时e.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on.she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.6) .一般现在时表将来1)下列动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2)以 here, there 等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。3)在时间或条件句中。例如：When Bill comes (不是 willcome) , ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。4)在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关 了。 其时间状语有如下几种1)this 引导的短语 如 this year 2 )tomorrow 及其相关短语 如tomorrow morning 3) next 引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on in the future in an hour 等。 1) shall 用于第一人称，可被 will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称， 在争求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to + 不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to beproduced next month 。 c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going tobe a storm. 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss thereport next Saturday. 4) be about to + 不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave forBeijing. 注意： be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连 用。 注意： 一、易忽视动词用原形形式 例： 1 He will is (be) at school next Monday. 2 He is going to does (do) his homework after school.答案： 1 be 2 do解析： 第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了 is，忽视了 will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容 易把动词丢掉， “英语句子里，动词不能少”的 规律必须要牢记。第二题中 to 后加动词原 形，而不是用单三人称 .二、 be going to + 动词原形与 will+ 动词原形用法不清楚例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams.答案： I amstudying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.解析：“be going to ” 表示计划、打算要做某事。 E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事 .e.g. Look at the clouds. Its going to rain. 而“ Will+ 动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决 心。 E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中 只能用be going to，而不能用 will。一、单项选择。() 1. The day after tomorrow they a volleyball match.A. will watching B. Watches C. is watching D. is going to watch() 2. There a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be() 3. They an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have () 4. you free next Sunday?A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be() 5. He there at ten tomorrow morning.A. willB. is C. will beD. be() 6. your brother a magazine from the library?A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows() 16. Who we swimming with tomorrow afternoon?A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go() 17. We the work this way next time.A. doB. will do C. going to do D. will doing() 18. Tomorrow he a kite in the open air first, and then boating in thepark.A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go () 19. The day after tomorrow they a volleyball match.A. will watchingB. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch() 20. There a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall beB. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be() 21. They an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have C. will havingD. is going to have() 22. you free next Sunday?A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be( ) 23. He there at ten tomorrow morning.A. will B. is C. will be D. be( ) 24. your brother a magazine from the library?A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrowC. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows()25. -Shall I come aga in tomorrow after noon?- (好的).A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will C. No, please. D. No, you won t.() 26. It the year of the horse next year.A. is going to be B. is going to C. will beD. will is() 27. open the window?A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you() 28. -Let s go out to play football, shall we?- OK. I .A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming() 29. It us a long time to learn English well.A. takesB. will take C. spends D. will spend() 30. The train at 11.A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving二、动词填空。1. I am afraid there (be) a meeting this afternoon. I cant join you.2. Mike ( believe, not) this until he ( see) it with his own eyes.3. Most of us dont think their team _(_w_in_) .三、句型转换。1. China is a modern and strong country. ( in twenty years )2. Do you study hard? ( from now on )3. She didnt speak English at the mee(tinbge.fore long)Unit6. I nwatching TV1. newspaper nju? zpe?p?(r) n 报纸2. use ju? s v 使用；运用3. use的用法简单归纳如下：1. used to do sth.意为过去常常做某事”，它表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，而现在已不再发生或存在。这个短语含有今昔对比之意，其否定形式常用used not to或did ntuse to。反意疑问句中应该用did/didnt或used/usednt。例如：I used to swim in this river when I was young. 我年轻时常在这条河里游泳。They used to be good frie nds, did nt they?他们过去是好朋友，是吗？2. be used to sth. / doing sth.意为”习惯、适应某事/做某事”，它表示习惯于某一客观事实或状态，其中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词；be used可用于多种时态；如强调动作可用 get或 become替换 be。例如：Old people are used to getting up early in the morning.老年人习惯早晨很早起床。I was nt used to city life, but now I have got used to livi ng in this city.我以前不习惯都市生活，但现在我已习惯住在这座城市了。3. be used to do sth.意为被用来做某事”，其中use表”使用”之意，是被动语态形式，to是动 词不定式符号。例如：Wood can be used to make paper树木可以用来造纸。4. be used for.意为”被当做 ,其中use表”使用”之意，是被动语态形式。例如：The seals fur can be used for coats.海豹皮可当做大衣用。5. be of use意为有用的，其中use是名词，可用形容词来修饰。例如：The dictionary is of great use to the students.这本字典对学生们很有用。6. be in use意为在使用”，其中use也是名词。例如：The laboratory is in use until three oclock.实验室一直到 3点钟都有人使用。7. make use of sth.意为利用、使用某物，其中use也是名词，可用 good, full, more, little 等 形容词来修饰。同学们应特别注意它的被动形式。例如：We must make full use of time to study.我们必须充分利用时间学习。3. soup su? p n 汤4. wash w? w a? ? v 洗5. movie mu ? vi n 电影6. just d ?st adv 只是；恰好7. house ha?s n 房子8. drink dr ?k v 喝 n 饮料9. tea ti? n 茶；茶叶10. tomorrow t ?m?r? adv 在明天11. pool pu ? l n (复数 pools)12shop ?p n.商店13supermarket su? p?m a? k?t n.超级市场14man m?n n.男人；人15race re?s n.赛跑；竞争16study st?di