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第4讲动词和动词短语1. (2013浙江高考浙江高考)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure toit with important points. A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold【解析解析】选选A。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 当小组讨论接近尾声时当小组讨论接近尾声时, 一定要以重点而结束。一定要以重点而结束。conclude结束结束; lead指导指导, 指引指引; avoid避避免免; hold抓住抓住, 握住。故选握住。故选A。2. (2013江苏高考江苏高考)The town is so beautiful! I just love it. Me too. The character of the town is well. A. qualified B. preservedC. decorated D. simplified【解析解析】选选B。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 这个城镇真美这个城镇真美!我很我很喜欢。喜欢。我也一样。这个城镇的特色保持得很好。我也一样。这个城镇的特色保持得很好。qualify有资格有资格, 合格合格; preserve保护保护, 保持保持, 腌制腌制; decorate装饰装饰; simplify使简化。使简化。3. (2013天津高考天津高考)If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing toa hand. A. lend B. shakeC. waveD. want【解析解析】选选A。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 如果你有困难如果你有困难, 迈克总迈克总是愿意伸出援手。是愿意伸出援手。lend借借; shake摇动摇动; wave挥手挥手; want想。想。lend a hand帮忙。帮忙。4. (2013新新课标全国卷课标全国卷)Try not to cough more than you cansince it may cause problems to your lungs. A. checkB. allowC. stop D. help【解析解析】选选D。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 尽量能控制咳嗽就别咳尽量能控制咳嗽就别咳嗽嗽, 因为会伤到肺。因为会伤到肺。check检查检查; allow允许允许; stop停止停止; help帮助。帮助。can help(doing)sth. 表示表示“阻止或避免阻止或避免(做做)某事某事”。5. (2013新课标全国卷新课标全国卷)The watch was very good, and he20 percent down for it. A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent【解析解析】选选A。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 这块表很好这块表很好, 他八折买他八折买的。的。pay +money +for sth. 为某物付多少钱为某物付多少钱; cost表示表示“花费花费”时时, 主语是物不是人主语是物不是人; buy sb. sth. /buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某为某人买某物物; spend +money+on sth. /in doing sth. 在某物在某物/做某事上花多做某事上花多少钱。故选少钱。故选A。6. (2013江西高考江西高考)Shethe carpet with some very nice curtains in colour. A. connected B. fittedC. equipped D. matched【解析解析】选选D。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 在颜色上在颜色上, 她把地毯和她把地毯和好看的窗帘搭配起来。好看的窗帘搭配起来。connect联系联系, 连接连接; fit安装安装; equip装备装备; match相称相称, 搭配。根据句意搭配。根据句意, 选选D。7. (2013福建高考福建高考)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher whichspending quite a lot of time with students. A. enjoys B. involvesC. practices D. suggests【解析解析】选选B。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 米歇尔找到了一份当高米歇尔找到了一份当高中老师的工作中老师的工作, 这份工作涉及和学生一起度过许多时间。这份工作涉及和学生一起度过许多时间。involve包含包含, 涉及涉及; enjoy享受享受, 喜欢喜欢; practice练习练习; suggest建建议议, 暗示。暗示。8. (2013湖北高考湖北高考)While intelligent people can oftenthe complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. A. sacrifice B. substituteC. simplify D. survive【解析解析】选选C。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 智者经常能够简化复杂智者经常能够简化复杂的问题的问题, 而愚人更可能把简单的事情复杂化。而愚人更可能把简单的事情复杂化。sacrifice牺牲牺牲; substitute替代替代, 顶替顶替; simplify简化简化; survive幸存下来。根据句幸存下来。根据句意可知选意可知选C项。项。9. (2013湖北高考湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have towith the local police within two weeks of arrival. A. associate B. disputeC. negotiate D. register【解析解析】选选D。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 依据法律依据法律, 所有的外国人所有的外国人在到达后的两周内必须到当地的警察局注册登记。在到达后的两周内必须到当地的警察局注册登记。associate联联系系, 结交结交; dispute争论争论; negotiate谈判谈判; register登记登记, 注册。根据注册。根据句意可知选句意可知选D项。项。10. (2013新课标全国卷新课标全国卷)Would you like towith us to the film tonight? A. come along B. come offC. come across D. come through【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 今晚你愿意和我们今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗一起去看电影吗? come along一起来一起来, 出现出现, 进展进展, 赶快赶快; come off实现实现, 举行举行; come across被理解被理解, 偶然碰到偶然碰到; come through传传出出, 恢复。恢复。11. (2013浙江高考浙江高考)Bearsfat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep. A. pack up B. build upC. bring up D. take up【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 熊在整个夏天和秋熊在整个夏天和秋天积蓄脂肪以便有足够的精力度过冬眠期。天积蓄脂肪以便有足够的精力度过冬眠期。pack up停止停止, 收收工工; build up逐渐增加逐渐增加; bring up抚养抚养, 使使长大长大; take up开开始从事始从事, 占据占据(时间、空间等时间、空间等)。故选。故选B。12. (2013天津高考天津高考)I had hoped to take a holiday this year, but I wasnt able to. A. get away B. drop inC. check out D. hold on【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 我原本希望今年去我原本希望今年去度假的度假的, 但是我没能休假。但是我没能休假。get away离开离开, 逃脱逃脱, 休假休假; drop in(顺便顺便)拜访拜访; check out检查检查, 结账离开结账离开; hold on坚持坚持, 别挂断。别挂断。根据句意选根据句意选A。13. (2013陕西高考陕西高考)My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has. A. cut out B. cut downC. cut up D. cut off【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 我叔叔一直没能把我叔叔一直没能把烟戒掉烟戒掉, 但是至少他抽烟少了。但是至少他抽烟少了。cut out停止运转停止运转, 删去删去; cut down砍倒砍倒, 缩减缩减; cut up切碎切碎; cut off切断切断, 切除。根据句意切除。根据句意, 应应选选B。14. (2013新课标全国卷新课标全国卷)At the last moment, Tom decided toa new character to make the story seem more likely. A. put up B. put inC. put on D. put off【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 在最后一刻在最后一刻, 汤姆汤姆决定添加一个新的角色以使故事感觉更真实。决定添加一个新的角色以使故事感觉更真实。put up举起举起, 建建立立; put in加入加入, 放入放入; put on穿上穿上, 上演上演; put off推迟。推迟。15. (2013安徽高考安徽高考)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before theyon their life journey. A. give up B. settle downC. get through D. set off【解析解析】选选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 传统上认为传统上认为, 大学大学生举行毕业典礼是为了在他们开始生活之旅之前为自己加油生举行毕业典礼是为了在他们开始生活之旅之前为自己加油助威。助威。set off动身动身, 出发出发; give up放弃放弃; settle down定居定居, 平静平静下来下来, 专心于专心于; get through完成完成, 接通接通(电话等电话等)。16. (2013辽宁高考辽宁高考)Briggs willas general manager when Mitchell retires. A. get away B. take overC. set off D. run out【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: Mitchell退休后退休后Briggs将接替她任总经理。将接替她任总经理。get away离开离开, 脱身脱身, 逃掉逃掉; take over接替接替, 接管接管; set off动身动身, 出发出发; run out用光用光, 用尽。用尽。17. (2013江西高考江西高考)Mother always complains that childrentheir shoes very quickly. A. find out B. wash outC. wear out D. set out【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 母亲总是抱怨孩子母亲总是抱怨孩子们把鞋穿破得太快了。们把鞋穿破得太快了。find out找出找出, 查明查明; wash out洗干净洗干净, 洗掉洗掉; wear out穿破穿破; set out动身动身, 出发。出发。18. (2013江苏高考江苏高考)Team leaders must ensure that all memberstheir natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. A. get over B. look overC. take over D. come over【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 团队领导应该确保团队领导应该确保所有成员克服他们的想避免因犯错而产生尴尬的天性。所有成员克服他们的想避免因犯错而产生尴尬的天性。get over克服克服, 解决解决; look over查看查看, 检查检查; take over接管接管, 接任接任; come over过来过来, 顺便来访顺便来访, 改变立场。改变立场。19. (2013湖北高考湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the timefor sleeppure and simple. A. set aside B. set downC. set off D. set up【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 在动物世界里在动物世界里, 夜夜晚是专门留出睡觉的时间晚是专门留出睡觉的时间纯粹而简单。纯粹而简单。set aside(专门专门)留留出出, 拨出拨出; set down写下写下, 记下记下; set off动身动身, 出发出发, 引起引起, 引爆引爆; set up建立。根据句意可知选建立。根据句意可知选A项。项。20. (2013湖北高考湖北高考)Butterfliesa sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect. A. carry on B. feed onC. put on D. focus on【解析解析】选选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 蝴蝶食用花朵分泌蝴蝶食用花朵分泌的甜汁的甜汁, 这是蜜蜂和其他昆虫采集的东西。这是蜜蜂和其他昆虫采集的东西。carry on继续继续, 坚坚持持; feed on以以为主食为主食; put on穿上穿上, 上演上演; focus on聚焦聚焦, 集集中。根据句意可知选中。根据句意可知选B项。项。21. (2013福建高考福建高考)Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networksin disasters. A. turn down B. turn outC. break down D. break out【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 当无线网络在灾难当无线网络在灾难中出故障的时候中出故障的时候, 老式手机就派上用场了。老式手机就派上用场了。break down(机器机器等等)坏了坏了, 出毛病了出毛病了, (人人)身体垮了身体垮了, 失败失败, 分解分解; turn down(将音将音量等量等)调低调低, 拒绝拒绝; turn out结果是结果是, 证明是证明是; break out爆发爆发, 突突然发生。然发生。热点考向热点考向 1 动词词义辨析动词词义辨析 1. 主要考点主要考点: 考查常见动词词义辨析。强调语言的情境化考查常见动词词义辨析。强调语言的情境化, 把把动词放在鲜活的语境中进行考查。动词放在鲜活的语境中进行考查。2. 突破技巧突破技巧: 这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同, 词形或意义词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题相近。要做好这类试题, 必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特点等方面入手点等方面入手, 然后结合题意选用合适的动词。然后结合题意选用合适的动词。【真题变式真题变式】根据提示完成句子。根据提示完成句子。(2012天津高考天津高考)Parents and children should communicate more to _(缩小他们之间的隔缩小他们之间的隔阂阂)so that they can understand each other better. (2011江苏高考江苏高考)Are you still mad at her? Not really, but I _(不能否认不能否认)that her remarks hurtme. narrow the gap between themcant deny热点考向热点考向 2 高频动词短语意义辨析高频动词短语意义辨析 主要考点主要考点: 对动词短语意义的考查主要集中于高频的动词短语对动词短语意义的考查主要集中于高频的动词短语, 如如break, bring, call, come, get, go, make, take, turn, put, pick, hold, keep, look, carry, set, cut, show, pull等构成的短语需要特等构成的短语需要特别关注别关注: 1. breakbreak away from放弃放弃, 打破打破; 与与脱离关系脱离关系break down 发生故障发生故障; (计划、谈判计划、谈判)失败失败; (精神、身体精神、身体)垮掉垮掉; 分解分解break in 闯入闯入, 插嘴插嘴break into 闯入闯入break out (战争、瘟疫等战争、瘟疫等)爆发爆发, 突然发生突然发生break up 打碎打碎, 分手分手, 分开分开, 关系破裂关系破裂2. bringbring about 导致导致, 造成造成, 引起引起bring down使倒下使倒下, 使降低使降低bring in引进引进; 带来带来; 赚得赚得; 收获收获bring forward 提出提出; 提前提前bring out出版出版; 生产生产; 使显现使显现bring up抚养抚养, 教育教育; 提出提出; 呕吐呕吐3. callcall for 要求要求; 需要需要; 去取或去接去取或去接call back 回电话回电话; 回忆起回忆起call in 召集召集; 请请; 召来召来; 顺便来访顺便来访call up 打电话给打电话给; 召集召集; 使想起使想起call off 取消取消call on 号召号召, 拜访拜访4. comecome about发生发生come to苏醒苏醒; 总计总计come across偶遇偶遇; 无意中发现无意中发现come true实现实现, 成为现实成为现实(不及物不及物)come out出版出版; 结果是结果是come up(建议、计划等建议、计划等)被提出被提出come up with提出提出(建议、计划、方案等建议、计划、方案等)come on口语口语(催促催促)快点快点; (鼓励鼓励)来吧来吧, 加油加油; (不耐烦不耐烦)得了得了, 算了吧算了吧!5. getget across 解释清楚解释清楚; 使使被理解被理解get away from 避免避免; 摆脱摆脱, 逃离逃离get away with 侥幸成功侥幸成功; 侥幸做成侥幸做成get around 四处走动四处走动; 传播开来传播开来get down to 开始认真做某事开始认真做某事get along/on with进展进展; 与与相处相处get over 克服克服; 从从恢复或康复恢复或康复get rid of 摆脱摆脱; 除去除去get through 通过通过; 完成完成; 接通电话接通电话6. givegive away 赠送赠送; 泄露泄露; 分发分发give back 归还归还give in 屈服屈服; 让步让步; 投降投降; 认输认输give out 分发分发; 发出发出; 公布公布, 发表发表; 用尽用尽; 筋疲力尽筋疲力尽give up 放弃放弃, 对对不再抱有希望不再抱有希望7. gogo against违背违背; 不利于不利于; 反对反对go ahead开始开始(做某事做某事); (表示同意对方提出的要求或表示同意对方提出的要求或 建议建议)说吧说吧!做吧做吧!开始吧开始吧!go around参观参观; (消息消息)传播传播go by 过去过去; 经过经过go down下降下降; 下沉下沉go on 继续继续; 发生发生; 进行进行go over 复习复习, 仔细检查仔细检查go through 穿过穿过; 经历经历; 仔细检查仔细检查go with 与与相配相配go without 没有没有也行也行8. handhand down传下来传下来; 传给传给; 世代相传世代相传hand out分发分发; 散发散发; 施舍施舍hand over交出交出; 移交移交9. holdhold back 犹豫不决犹豫不决; 隐瞒隐瞒; 阻止阻止; 抑制抑制hold on=hang on别挂断电话别挂断电话; 等一会儿等一会儿; 坚持下去坚持下去hold out 坚持坚持; 伸出伸出hold up 举起举起; 阻挡阻挡, 使耽搁使耽搁hold on to 紧紧抓住紧紧抓住; 保持保持, 保留保留; 不放弃不放弃10. keepkeep away from 远离远离; 避开避开; 回避回避keep back 扣下扣下, 留下留下; 隐瞒隐瞒; 抑制抑制, 克制克制(感情感情)keep on 继续继续; 坚持下去坚持下去keep out of 置身于置身于之外之外; 不卷入不卷入, 不参与不参与; 避开避开keep up 保持保持; 继续继续; 不低落不低落keep up with 跟上跟上, 不落后不落后; 与与并驾齐驱并驾齐驱keep an eye out for 密切注意密切注意; 留心留心; 警惕警惕keep an eye on 照看照看, 留意留意; 密切注视密切注视11. leaveleave alone 不打扰不打扰; 不理不理, 不管不管leave behind 留下留下; 丢下丢下, 丢弃丢弃leave out 遗漏遗漏, 忽略忽略12. looklook around 环顾四周环顾四周look away from把目光从把目光从移开移开look into 调查调查; 窥视窥视look back on/upon回忆回忆/回顾回顾look up 查找查找, 查询查询; 向上看向上看look up to 尊敬尊敬; 敬仰敬仰look down upon歧视歧视, 看不起看不起look forward to盼望盼望; 期待期待look through 浏览浏览; 快速查看快速查看look out(for) 当心当心, 留意留意, 小心小心look on 旁观旁观13. makemake use of利用利用make up组成组成; 编造编造; 化妆化妆; 和解和解make up for补偿补偿; 弥补弥补make for走向走向; 有助于有助于; 促成促成, 导致导致make sense有意义有意义; 有道理有道理; 讲得通讲得通make sense of 理解理解; 弄明白弄明白make out理解理解; 分辨出分辨出, 辨认出辨认出make it 成功成功; 成功到达某地成功到达某地; 把某事确定在某个时间把某事确定在某个时间14. paypay back 偿还偿还; 报答报答, 回报回报pay for 付款付款; 偿还偿还; 为为付出代价付出代价pay off 还清还清(债务债务); 努力取得成功努力取得成功; 取得好结果取得好结果, 得到回报得到回报15. pickpick up 拾起拾起; (无意中无意中)学会学会; 开车接人开车接人(物物); 染上染上(疾病疾病, 不好的习惯不好的习惯); 接收接收; 恢复恢复, 好转好转; (跌倒后跌倒后)爬起来爬起来; 中断后重新开中断后重新开 始始(活动、叙述等活动、叙述等); 便宜地得到某物便宜地得到某物pick out 挑选出挑选出; 分辨出分辨出16. putput aside撇开撇开; 暂不考虑暂不考虑; 储蓄储蓄put away收拾收拾, 整理整理; 储存储存put back把把放回原处放回原处; 推迟推迟put forward提出提出; 拨快拨快put down记下记下, 写下写下, 镇压镇压put out 伸出伸出; 扑灭扑灭; 生产生产; 出版出版put up 建造建造, 张贴张贴; 提供住宿提供住宿put up with忍受忍受; 容忍容忍put on 穿上穿上, 增加增加, 上演上演17. runrun away from 逃跑逃跑; 逃离逃离; 从从逃出逃出run after 追赶追赶run out (不及物不及物)用完用完, 耗尽耗尽run out of (及物及物)用完用完, 耗尽耗尽run into 撞上撞上; 偶然碰见偶然碰见; 遭遇遭遇18. setset aside 划出划出; 留出留出; 拨出拨出set about doing sth. 着手做某事着手做某事set out 出发出发, 动身动身set out to do sth. 着手做某事着手做某事set off 出发出发, 动身动身; 引起引起; 使爆炸使爆炸set up 建立建立(组织、机构组织、机构), 创立创立19. turnturn away 走开走开; 转过脸去转过脸去turn down 拒绝拒绝; 关小关小, 调低调低turn up 开大开大; 出现出现, 到场到场turn out 结果是结果是, 证明是证明是; 生产生产turn over 把把翻过来翻过来; 翻阅翻阅, 仔细考虑仔细考虑turn against 反对反对; 背叛背叛turn to 转向转向; 求助于求助于20. taketake after长得像某人长得像某人take apart拆开拆开; 拆卸拆卸take back收回收回, 撤销撤销take down记下记下; 拆卸拆卸; 取下取下take away带走带走, 拿走拿走, 剥夺剥夺take up 从事从事, 开始做开始做; 占据占据(时间、空间时间、空间); 着手处理着手处理; 接着做接着做(停顿的事情停顿的事情, 如谈话如谈话)take in 吸收吸收; 接受接受; 理解理解, 欺骗欺骗take off 起飞起飞; 脱下脱下; 成功成功, 事业飞黄腾达事业飞黄腾达take on 呈现呈现; 具有具有; 承担承担; 雇用雇用take over 接管接管, 接收接收take advantage of 利用利用take it/things easy 放松放松, 别紧张别紧张take your time 慢慢来慢慢来, 别着急别着急take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事采取措施做某事take action 采取行动采取行动【真题变式真题变式】根据汉语提示用正确的动词短语完成句子。根据汉语提示用正确的动词短语完成句子。(2012全国卷全国卷)Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _(记下记下)almost every word her teacher says. (2012福建高考福建高考)You had better _(留出留出)some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. put down/set down/write downset aside(2012陕西高考陕西高考)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system _(出故障出故障, 出问题出问题). (2012浙江高考浙江高考)Armed with the information you have gathered, you can _(开始准备开始准备)your business plan. broke downset out to prepare/set about preparing/beginto prepare(2012四川高考四川高考)Its surprising that your brother _ _(学会学会)Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long. (2011四川高考四川高考)To get a better grade, you should _(复习复习)the notes again before the test. (2011全国卷全国卷)I can _(忍受忍受)the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean. pickedupgo overput up with热点考向热点考向 3 常见的系动词的用法常见的系动词的用法1. 表示变化类的系动词表示变化类的系动词, 如如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, make等。等。2. 表示感觉类的系动词表示感觉类的系动词, 如如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。等。3. 表示状态类的系动词表示状态类的系动词, 如如keep, remain, stand, stay, lie等。等。4. 表示表示“像像”类系动词类系动词, 主要有主要有seem, appear, look, 表示表示“看看起来起来, 似乎似乎, 显得显得”。5. 此类系动词的特点此类系动词的特点: 只适用于主动语态只适用于主动语态; 只用于一般时只用于一般时态态(一般现在时和一般过去时一般现在时和一般过去时, 不能用于进行时态不能用于进行时态)。【真题变式真题变式】理解下列句子中画线词的用法。理解下列句子中画线词的用法。(2012江西江西高考高考)We were all agreed that the cottage would make a perfect holiday home for the family. 【解析解析】句中句中make为系动词为系动词, 其后接名词作表语其后接名词作表语, 意为意为“变成变成, 成为成为”。(2010四川高考四川高考)Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what looks nice. 【解析解析】句中句中looks为系动词为系动词, 其后接形容词作表语其后接形容词作表语, 意为意为“看看起来起来”。热点考向热点考向 4 动词的熟词生义用法动词的熟词生义用法 很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义, 有的是经常使用有的是经常使用的意义的意义, 有些词的一些意义学生不熟悉有些词的一些意义学生不熟悉, 因此要进行专门复习因此要进行专门复习, 它们是它们是: 1. abuse(熟义熟义: v. 滥用滥用)She is quite a successful career woman, but actually shes frequently abused by her husband at home. (生义生义: v. 虐待虐待)2. act(熟义熟义: v. &n. 行动行动)It will take several hours before the drug really acts. (生义生义: vi. 起作用起作用)3. address(熟义熟义: n. 地址地址; vt. 写地址写地址)President Obama was scheduled to address the American people on the evening of May 7. (生义生义: vt. 向向做演说做演说)4. appreciate(熟义熟义: vt. 欣赏欣赏, 感激感激, 感谢感谢)They soon appreciated that it must be a well-designed trap. (生生义义: v. 意识到意识到)5. attend(熟义熟义: vt. 参加参加, 出席出席)With several patients to attend that night, the nurse felt very tired. (生义生义: vt. 照料照料, 照顾照顾)With three kids attending high school in the town, the couple had to work day and night to earn more money. (生义生义: vt. 上学上学)6. count(熟义熟义: n. &v. 计数计数, 数数)It is not what you are thinking but what you are doing that counts. (生义生义: v. 重要重要, 有价值有价值)7. escape(熟义熟义: vi. 逃跑逃跑, 逃脱逃脱)I saw a familiar face in the crowd. However, his name escaped me for the moment. (生义生义: vt. 被忘掉被忘掉)The harmful gases are escaping from the pipe. (生义生义: vi. 泄漏泄漏, 漏出漏出)8. fail(熟义熟义: vi. 失败失败)Fresh vegetables used to fail in winter. (生义生义: vi. 不足不足, 缺乏缺乏)With time passing by, his memory is failing. (生义生义: vi. 衰退衰退)Try as the family might, they failed to find the lost child in the town. (生义生义: vi. 未能未能)9. introduce(熟义熟义: vt. 介绍介绍)When tomatoes were first introduced into Europe, they didnt accept them at all. (生义生义: vt. 引入引入)10. let(熟义熟义: vt. 让让, 允许允许)The couple decided to let a house in the town. (生义生义: vt. 租赁租赁)11. make(熟义熟义: vt. 制造制造)New laws have been made to protect the interests of the farmers. (生义生义: vt. 制定制定)He is making his own trouble by doing this. (生义生义: vt. 引起引起, 导导致致, 造成造成)She will make a great teacher. (生义生义: vt. 成为成为, 使形成使形成)12. matter(熟义熟义: n. 物质物质, 原因原因, 事件事件)What matters is not your looks but your inner thoughts. (生义生义: vi. 有关系有关系, 重要重要)13. observe(熟义熟义: vt. 观察观察)Having lived abroad for many years, he still observed the old traditions and customs. (生义生义: vt. 遵守遵守)Every year, we will observe the traditional Spring Festival in different ways. (生义生义: vt. 庆祝庆祝)14. part(熟义熟义: n. 部分部分, 零件零件, 角色角色)The couple parted with each other after they quarreled with each other. (生义生义: vi. 分手分手, 分离分离)15. promise(熟义熟义: v. &n. 许诺许诺, 承诺承诺, 诺言诺言)The young man promises to be a great thinker in the future. (生义生义: vi. 有有的希望的希望, 有有的可能性的可能性)16. work(熟义熟义: v. & n. 工作工作)The medicine will soon work. (生义生义: vi. 起作用起作用)The machine works very well. (生义生义: vi. 运转运转)17. decline(熟义熟义: vt. 谢绝谢绝, 婉拒婉拒)The number of wild animals in the area is declining sharply due to illegal hunting. (生义生义: vi. 下降下降, 衰退衰退)【真题变式真题变式】正确理解下面画线动词的含义。正确理解下面画线动词的含义。(2012浙江高考浙江高考)According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22. 【解析解析】从本句中的从本句中的after reaching the highest level at 22可知可知, 这里指人的思维能力从这里指人的思维能力从27岁开始岁开始“下降或衰退下降或衰退”。(2011全国卷全国卷)William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail. 【解析解析】学生一般理解学生一般理解fail一词意为一词意为“失败、不及格失败、不及格, 未能做未能做成成”, 而在本句中而在本句中fail则意为则意为“衰弱衰弱, 减弱减弱, 消失消失, 衰退衰退”, 本句本句意为意为“威廉发现阅读越来越困难威廉发现阅读越来越困难, 因为他的视力开始下降因为他的视力开始下降”。【命题小试命题小试】请根据以下内容命制一道考查动词短语辨析的题目。请根据以下内容命制一道考查动词短语辨析的题目。Mr. Richard was disappointed that many students who had signed up for the talent show dropped out at the last moment. 【参考答案参考答案】Mr. Richard was disappointed that many students who had signed up for the talent showat the last moment. A. left out B. got outC. passed out D. dropped out【解析解析】选选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 理查德先生很失望理查德先生很失望, 很多报名参加这次才艺表演的学生很多报名参加这次才艺表演的学生, 在最后时刻退出了。在最后时刻退出了。leave out遗漏遗漏, 忽略忽略; get out出去出去, 离开离开, 逃脱逃脱; pass out昏倒昏倒, 失去知失去知觉觉; drop out退出退出, 辍学。故正确选项为辍学。故正确选项为D。易错点易错点 1 动词词义辨别不清动词词义辨别不清 (母题母题)Id prefer tomy judgment until I find all the evidence. A. showB. expressC. passD. reserve【解析解析】选选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 在找到所有的证据在找到所有的证据之前之前, 我宁愿保留我的意见。我宁愿保留我的意见。reserve保留保留; show显示显示, 展示展示, 放放映映; express表达表达; pass穿过穿过, 通过通过, 经过。经过。 (变式变式)May Ia seat on the Nanjing train at 8: 30 this evening? Im afraid it will be crowded. A. reserve B. supplyC. acquire D. store【解析解析】选选A。前句句意。前句句意: 我可以在今晚我可以在今晚8点点30分开往南京的分开往南京的火车上预订一个座位吗火车上预订一个座位吗? reserve预订。预订。【误区点拨误区点拨】reserve的一词多义是解决本题的关键的一词多义是解决本题的关键, 复习时要牢记复习时要牢记: 保留保留, 如在如在We reserve Sunday as our Family Day, and try our best not to schedule anything else on that day. 中中; 保存保存, 留出留出, 如如在在You must reserve your strength for the tennis final. 中中; 预预订订, 如在如在Please call ahead if you want to reserve a room. 中。中。易错点易错点 2 语境理解不清语境理解不清, 造成短语误用造成短语误用 (母题母题)The policeto look into the case a week ago, but so far they havent found evidence that the man is guilty. A. set about B. set upC. set out D. set down【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 警方一周前开始调警方一周前开始调查这一案件查这一案件, 但是到目前为止但是到目前为止, 他们还没有发现那个男子犯罪他们还没有发现那个男子犯罪的证据。的证据。set out to do sth. 开始做某事开始做某事, 符合句子语境。符合句子语境。set about需要跟需要跟doing sth. 表示表示“开始做某事开始做某事”; set up建立建立, 创立创立, 成立成立; set down写下写下, 记下。故选记下。故选C。 (变式变式)Joan was unhappy because the news about the earthquake striking her countryan attack of homesickness. A. set aside B. set outC. set about D. set off【解析解析】选选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: Joan感到很不高兴感到很不高兴, 因为她的家乡遭受地震袭击的消息引起了她的思乡之情。因为她的家乡遭受地震袭击的消息引起了她的思乡之情。set aside留出留出, 把把搁在一边搁在一边; set out出发出发, 起程起程; set about着手着手做某事做某事; set off引起引起, 激起。故本题正确答案为激起。故本题正确答案为D。【误区点拨误区点拨】set aside留出留出(时间、金钱等时间、金钱等); 把把搁在一边搁在一边set out to do sth. =set about doing sth. 着手做某事着手做某事set off出发出发, 动身动身; 引起引起, 激起激起易错点易错点 3 动词的熟词生义用法误用动词的熟词生义用法误用 (母题母题)(2011安徽高考安徽高考)As the story, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. A. begins B. happensC. ends D. develops【解析解析】选选D。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 随着故事的展开随着故事的展开, 那位那位奇特人物的真实情况被慢慢地揭示出来。奇特人物的真实情况被慢慢地揭示出来。develop发展发展, 展开。展开。 (变式变式)It was when Chuck Noland was deserted on a lonely island that he began tofriendship with a volleyball. A. preserve B. developC. keep D. value【解析解析】选选B。考查动词辨析。句意。考查动词辨析。句意: 正是当正是当Chuck Noland被被抛在一个荒岛上时抛在一个荒岛上时, 他开始和一只排球建立了友谊。他开始和一只排球建立了友谊。develop friendship with sb. 与某人建立友谊。与某人建立友谊。preserve保存保存, 保持保持; keep保持保持; value珍惜。珍惜。【误区点拨误区点拨】develop 1. (2013合肥模拟合肥模拟)We need tofinding a different approach to discipline right now. A. set about B. break upC. become of D. keep off【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 我们需要立刻着手我们需要立刻着手寻找一个不同的训练方法。寻找一个不同的训练方法。set about doing sth. 着手做某事着手做某事; break up打碎打碎, 解散解散; become of使遭遇使遭遇; keep off让开让开, 不接不接近近; 根据句意选根据句意选A。2. (2013天津天津模拟模拟)Changing the design of a new product maythe risk of its production in the market. A. bring about B. come aboutC. bring up D. come up【解析解析】选选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 改变一种新产品的设改变一种新产品的设计可能在市场上会对其生产造成风险。计可能在市场上会对其生产造成风险。bring about导致导致, 产生产生; come about发生发生; bring up抚养抚养, 教育教育, 吐出吐出; come up过来过来, 故正故正确答案为确答案为A。3. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature wasto Chinese writer Mo Yan, whose novel Red So
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