高考英语总复习 第二部分 语法复习 谓语动词课件 新人教版

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第二部分第二部分 重要语法重要语法名师名师指津指津谓语动词在高考语法填空中是必考内容,每年必考一个小谓语动词在高考语法填空中是必考内容,每年必考一个小题。谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等几个方面。题。谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等几个方面。谓语动词谓语动词u请做下列高考真题。请做下列高考真题。 1. (2013) Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son思路点拨:思路点拨:found 在人称代词主格在人称代词主格(he)后没有别的谓语动词,后没有别的谓语动词,find应是谓语动词,又由宾语从句的时态和下句的时态可知,应是谓语动词,又由宾语从句的时态和下句的时态可知,用一般过去时。用一般过去时。真题再练真题再练 2. (2012) He walked in as if he _ (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.思路点拨:思路点拨:had bought 在主格人称代词在主格人称代词he后,显然是作谓语;后,显然是作谓语;又因他不可能是买下了这个学校,故应用虚拟语气,与过去事又因他不可能是买下了这个学校,故应用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,故填实相反,故填had bought。 3. (2011) I noticed a man sitting at the front. He_ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.思路点拨:思路点拨:was pretending 由前后语境可知,指作者看到他时,由前后语境可知,指作者看到他时,他他“在假装在假装”。 4. (2010) After a four-day journey, the young man_ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink思路点拨:思路点拨:presented 谓语动词,由前后句谓语动词的时态可谓语动词,由前后句谓语动词的时态可知,用一般过去时。知,用一般过去时。 5. (2009) People stepped on your feet or_ (push) you with their elbows (肘部肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 思路点拨思路点拨: pushed 由由or可知,与可知,与stepped并列,一起作谓语;并列,一起作谓语;stepped是一般过去时,所以是一般过去时,所以push也用一般过去时。也用一般过去时。 6. (2009) When Jane got home Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane_ (inform).思路点拨:思路点拨:was informed 句中句中Jane是主语,其后的是主语,其后的inform应是应是谓语;又因谓语;又因Jane与与inform是被动关系,且前面各句谓语动词均是被动关系,且前面各句谓语动词均为一般过去时,所以为一般过去时,所以inform用一般过去时的被动语态。用一般过去时的被动语态。 7. (2008) Being too anxious to help an event develop often_ (result) in the contrary to our intention.思路点拨:思路点拨:results 因因Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语,在句中作主语,没有别的谓语动词,是动名词短语,在句中作主语,没有别的谓语动词,括号中所给的括号中所给的result就应是谓语动词,根据句意就应是谓语动词,根据句意“太着急促使太着急促使一件事情发展,其结果往往和我们的意图相反一件事情发展,其结果往往和我们的意图相反(欲速则不达欲速则不达)。”这是谚语,是客观真理,应当用一般现在时,动名词短语作这是谚语,是客观真理,应当用一般现在时,动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填results。 8. (2007) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _ (break) down near a remote village. 思路点拨:思路点拨:broke 在在when后的句子中,后的句子中,my car是主语,其后的是主语,其后的break应是谓语;因全文是叙述过去的经历,用一般过去式;再应是谓语;因全文是叙述过去的经历,用一般过去式;再说说was/were doingwhendid是一个固定句型,是一个固定句型,when后面的后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时,表示句子的谓语用一般过去时,表示“正在做某事,就在这个时候正在做某事,就在这个时候发生了另一事发生了另一事”.年份年份答案答案时态时态(语态、语气等语态、语气等)备注备注2013 found一般过去时一般过去时2012 had bought(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)虚拟语气虚拟语气2011 was pretending 过去进行时过去进行时2010 presented一般过去时一般过去时2009pushed一般过去时一般过去时was informed(一般过去时一般过去时)被动语态被动语态2008 results一般现在时一般现在时2007 broke一般过去时一般过去时考情分析考情分析由上表可知,除由上表可知,除2009年有两小题外,年有两小题外,其余每年一个小题;除其余每年一个小题;除2008年是现在时外,年是现在时外,其余为过去时,一般过去时其余为过去时,一般过去时4道,过去进行道,过去进行时时1道,被动语态道,被动语态1道,虚拟语气道,虚拟语气1道。道。在语法填空中,一般有一空是考查谓语动词,同时有一空在语法填空中,一般有一空是考查谓语动词,同时有一空是考查非谓语动词,因此,首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语是考查非谓语动词,因此,首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;若是谓语动词,要考虑时态、语态、语动词还是非谓语动词;若是谓语动词,要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。气、主谓一致等四个方面。其中时态的判断主要有三条依据:其中时态的判断主要有三条依据:(1)根据前后句的时态判断;根据前后句的时态判断;(2)根据时间状语来判断;根据时间状语来判断;解题技巧解题技巧(3)根据固定句式来判断。如根据固定句式来判断。如Hardly had sb. done whendid; was /were doing sth. whendid; its the first time when sb. has done等。等。一、时态一、时态时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有英语中常用的时态有16种,但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种,但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种:种:考点归纳考点归纳10种时态种时态构成构成(以以do为例为例)一般现在时一般现在时do/does一般过去时一般过去时did一般将来时一般将来时will/shall do过去将来时过去将来时would do现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are doing过去进行时过去进行时was/were doing将来进行时将来进行时will/shall be doing现在完成时现在完成时have/has done过去完成时过去完成时had done现在完成进行时现在完成进行时have/has been doing注:注:(1)表示将来还有多种形式:表示将来还有多种形式:be going to +动词原形。动词原形。be to+动词原形。动词原形。The book I edited is to appear soon. 我编的那本书不久即我编的那本书不久即将问世。将问世。be about to+动词原形。不能同表示时间的词语连用,动词原形。不能同表示时间的词语连用,表示表示“即将,就要即将,就要”。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情,或在时间状语从在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情,或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,要用一般现在时表示将来。句或条件状语从句中,要用一般现在时表示将来。Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。走前关灯。The plane takes off at 9:30 and arrives in Shanghai at 10:20. 飞机九点半起飞,十点二十分抵达上海。飞机九点半起飞,十点二十分抵达上海。表示计划好的活动,还常用现在进行时表将表示计划好的活动,还常用现在进行时表将来来, 此时一定要与表示将来的时间状语连用。此时一定要与表示将来的时间状语连用。They are having a party next week.下星期他们下星期他们将开一个晚会。将开一个晚会。(2)现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly等连用,表示说话人的某种情感,如等连用,表示说话人的某种情感,如赞扬,遗憾,讨厌或不满等。赞扬,遗憾,讨厌或不满等。如:如:He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。他总是帮助别人。(赞扬赞扬)二、语态二、语态语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态由为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词过去分词”构成,不同时态的被动语态的形式由构成,不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现,来体现,请看下表请看下表(以以do为例为例):一般现在时:一般现在时:am/is/are done一般过去时:一般过去时: was/were done一般将来时:一般将来时: shall/will be done过去将来时:过去将来时: should/would be done现在进行时:现在进行时: am/is/are being done过去进行时:过去进行时: was/were being done现在完成时:现在完成时: has/ have been done过去完成时:过去完成时: had been done将来完成时:将来完成时: shall/ will have been done过去将来完成时:过去将来完成时: should/would have been done重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态,以及现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态。如:语态,以及现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态。如:Something is learned every time a book is opened.开卷有开卷有益。益。Roman was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。伟业非一日之功。三、语气三、语气语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事情的看法和态度。虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。(一一)用过去式表示的虚拟语气用过去式表示的虚拟语气1. if 引导的虚拟条件句。引导的虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句从句和主句的动词形式列表如下虚拟条件句从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:时间时间if从句从句主句主句对将来对将来did(were) /should do/were to dowould / could / might / should + do对现在对现在 did(were)对过去对过去 had done would / could / might/should + have done熟读背诵以下例句,你就掌握了上表的构成形式:熟读背诵以下例句,你就掌握了上表的构成形式:(1)与现在事实相反:与现在事实相反:If I were you, I would take his advice.如果我是你,我就采纳他的建议。如果我是你,我就采纳他的建议。(当然,我不可能是当然,我不可能是你你)(2)与过去事实相反:与过去事实相反:If I had taken his advice,I wouldnt have made so many mistakes. 如果我当初采纳了他的如果我当初采纳了他的忠告,我就不会犯这么多错误。忠告,我就不会犯这么多错误。(但我没听但我没听)(3)与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go there. 如果如果/万一明天下雨,我们万一明天下雨,我们就不去那里。就不去那里。(估计下雨的可能性不大估计下雨的可能性不大)注意注意:(1) 虚拟中的倒装:虚拟中的倒装:如果如果if从句中含从句中含were,had, should等,等,可将其置于句首,省略可将其置于句首,省略if。Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it. 要不是我亲眼所见,我都不会相信了。要不是我亲眼所见,我都不会相信了。(= If I had not seen it)(2)错综时间条件句的虚拟语气,错综时间条件句的虚拟语气,即主句与从句的时态不即主句与从句的时态不一致。一致。If I had studied harder at school, I would have a better job now. 如果我上学时更努力,我现在就会有份更好的工作了。如果我上学时更努力,我现在就会有份更好的工作了。(事事实是现在的工作不太好实是现在的工作不太好)(3) 含蓄虚拟:含蓄虚拟:如如without, but for, in the absence of (如果如果没有没有), or, otherwise代替代替if从句。从句。Without air, we couldnt live.没有空气,我们就不能生存。没有空气,我们就不能生存。Without your help, I couldnt have made such great progress.没有你的帮助,我就不可能取得这么大的成绩。没有你的帮助,我就不可能取得这么大的成绩。(4)两个固定句型:两个固定句型:if it were not for ; if it had not been for 若不是若不是If it hadnt been for your care,my grandma wouldnt have recovered so soon. 要不是有你的照顾,我奶奶就不会痊愈要不是有你的照顾,我奶奶就不会痊愈得这么快。得这么快。2. as if /或或as though后面的从句内容与事实不相符时,从后面的从句内容与事实不相符时,从句时态往后退一步,即:表示现在句时态往后退一步,即:表示现在/将来用将来用were / did; 表示过去表示过去用用had done。He talks as if he knew everything in the world.他谈起话来他谈起话来就好像世上的事全晓得。就好像世上的事全晓得。3. would rather后面的句子,其谓语动词的时态往后退一后面的句子,其谓语动词的时态往后退一步,即:表示现在步,即:表示现在/将来用将来用were / did; 表示过去用表示过去用had done。I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。我愿意你跟我讲真话。I would rather he hadnt told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我宁愿他没告诉我这事。我这事。(but he had told me)4. wish / If only / What if从句中,对将来的虚拟用从句中,对将来的虚拟用“could / would + 动词原形动词原形”。对现在或过去的虚拟时态往后各退一步。对现在或过去的虚拟时态往后各退一步。I wish she were not married. 我真希望她没结婚。我真希望她没结婚。I wish I hadnt wasted so much time. 但愿我没浪费这么但愿我没浪费这么多时间。多时间。If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当初听了我父我要是当初听了我父母的话就好了。母的话就好了。(二二)用用(should+)动词原形表示的虚拟语气动词原形表示的虚拟语气1. 句型句型It is important / necessary / natural / strange / surprising /+ that It is important that he should develop good habits.养成良养成良好习惯对他很重要。好习惯对他很重要。2.表示表示“建议建议/要求要求/劝告劝告/命令命令”类词,如类词,如advise/ demand / desire / insist / order / propose / recommend / request / require / suggest / urge 等,作动词时,其后的宾语从句中,等,作动词时,其后的宾语从句中,或其名词、形容词、过去分词等后的名词性从句中,从句动或其名词、形容词、过去分词等后的名词性从句中,从句动词用词用(should+)动词原形。动词原形。He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he should take the medicine.他坚持说他没有生病,但医他坚持说他没有生病,但医生却坚决要求他吃药。生却坚决要求他吃药。His face suggested that he was very tired, so I suggested that he should have a good rest. 他的脸色表明他很累了,因此他的脸色表明他很累了,因此我建议他好好休息。我建议他好好休息。注意:注意:当当suggest意为意为“表明,暗示表明,暗示”, insist为为“坚持已坚持已发生或存在的事实发生或存在的事实”时,要用陈述语气,即实际时态。时,要用陈述语气,即实际时态。(三三)用过去式或用过去式或should do表示的虚拟语气表示的虚拟语气句型句型It is (high) time (that)从句中,从句的谓语动词用一从句中,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时般过去时(be用用were)或或should + 动词原形,动词原形,should不可以省略,不可以省略,意思是意思是“到了该做到了该做的时间了的时间了(言外之意是还未做言外之意是还未做)”。It is high time that we should take some measures to protect the environment.是该采取措施保护环境的时候了。是该采取措施保护环境的时候了。(四四)“情态动词情态动词 + have done”表责备或后悔的句型:表责备或后悔的句型:1. ought to/ should have done 本应该做本应该做(实际没做实际没做)2. oughtnt to /shouldnt have done本不该做本不该做(实际做了实际做了)3. could / might have done 本可以做本可以做(实际未做实际未做)4. neednt have done 本没必要做本没必要做 (实际做了实际做了)You should have passed the exam, but you were not careful enough.你本该通过考试的,但你不够细心。你本该通过考试的,但你不够细心。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.你本可以做得更好,但是你没有尽力。你本可以做得更好,但是你没有尽力。We need not have worried about the math exam. It was a piece of cake.我们本不必担心这次数学考试的,实际上很容易。我们本不必担心这次数学考试的,实际上很容易。(事实上考前非常担心事实上考前非常担心)四、主谓一致四、主谓一致在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。大致可归纳以下三个原称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。大致可归纳以下三个原则。则。(一一)语法一致原则语法一致原则语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。致。1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:动词用复数形式。如:(1)To study English well is not easy. (2)Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.(3)What he said is very important for us all. 2. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr. Green, together with his wife and children,has come to China. 3. either, neither, each, every,none 或或no +单数名词单数名词和由和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:待。如:None of them has been to America.4. 在定语从句时,关系代词在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard.5. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class,crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.6. 由由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词名词”构成的短构成的短语以及由语以及由“分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:后面名词的数而定。如:The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / The rest of the students like playing basketball. a number of“许多许多”,作定语修饰,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of“的数量的数量”,主语是,主语是number,谓语,谓语用单数。用单数。7. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:主语一致。如:There comes the bus.汽车汽车来了。来了。(二二)意义一致原则意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数意义为单数)。1. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.2. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时,等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:谓语动词用单数。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.3. “定冠词定冠词the + 形容词或分词形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。如:动词用复数。如:The old are taken good care of.(三三)就近一致原则就近一致原则在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由当两个主语由eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut also连接时,谓语动词和邻近连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:的主语一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is right.2. there be句型句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room./ There is a teacher and more than 50 students in the classroom. 五、解法指导五、解法指导一般地,在语法填空中,如果括号给一般地,在语法填空中,如果括号给出的是动词,又在句中作谓语,我们就应出的是动词,又在句中作谓语,我们就应该从该从“时态、语态时态、语态(主动和被动主动和被动)、语气、语气、人称与数人称与数(重点注意第三人称单数重点注意第三人称单数)”等方等方面来考虑。只有这样才会考虑周到,才能面来考虑。只有这样才会考虑周到,才能提高我们的做题正确率。同理,在写作中提高我们的做题正确率。同理,在写作中我们也应该多加注意主谓一致性原则,力我们也应该多加注意主谓一致性原则,力求写出规范的文章来。求写出规范的文章来。u一、单句填空一、单句填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.(2014茂名二模茂名二模)The local elementary school had just let out and I found myself behind a school bus as I was driving home. The bus _ (stop) by a house sitting on top of a hill.stopped 本题讲述的是一个过去事件,故用一般过去式,注意本题讲述的是一个过去事件,故用一般过去式,注意句中的句中的by应作应作“在在旁边旁边”解,而不是引出动作的执行者。解,而不是引出动作的执行者。实战演练实战演练 2.(2014广州一模广州一模)Together, those volunteers and the NECC students_ (work) to clear rubbish out of a three-story building.worked 根据语境,应用过去时态。根据语境,应用过去时态。 3.(2014佛山一模佛山一模)Finally, in 1903, the first engine-powered Wright Flyer_ (invent). was invented 第一架飞机被发明。第一架飞机被发明。 4.(2014茂名一模茂名一模)In the early years of 1980s, as the reform and opening-up policy_ (carry) out, my childhood dream came true. was carried 在在as引导的状语从句中作谓语,因引导的状语从句中作谓语,因“政策政策”与与“实实行行”是被动关系,是被动关系,20世纪世纪80年代显然是过去,故用一般过去时年代显然是过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。的被动语态。 5.(2014深圳一模深圳一模)The boss asked how much per kg. Tom_ (shake) his head and went back to the market.shook 在主语在主语Tom后作谓语,由上下文的谓语动词的时态可知,后作谓语,由上下文的谓语动词的时态可知,用一般过去时。用一般过去时。 6 . ( 2 0 1 4 梅 州 一 模梅 州 一 模 ) A c t u a l l y , “ C h i n g l i s h ” _(contribute) 5% to 20% of newly added English words since 1994. has contributed 根据上下文语境及此句中的时间状语根据上下文语境及此句中的时间状语since 1994可知用现在完成时。可知用现在完成时。 7.(2014惠州三模惠州三模)But just as they began to eat, they heard a great noise. The city mouse cried, “Run! Run! The cat_ (come)!” They ran away quickly and hid.is coming 这里用现在进行时表将来。这里用现在进行时表将来。 8.(2014江门一模江门一模)Martha Berry in her later years received many medals and honors for what she had done for the poor mountain children of Georgia, and in 1931 she_ (name) one of the most important women in the United States. was named 此处表示,在此处表示,在1931年他被认为是美国最重要的女性年他被认为是美国最重要的女性之一,所以此空要用一般过去时的被动语态。之一,所以此空要用一般过去时的被动语态。 9.(2014揭阳一模揭阳一模)When I saw a man sitting by himself waiting for the library to open, so I sat down next to him and_ (begin) a conversation. began 叙述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时态。叙述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时态。10.(2014韶关一模韶关一模)Most of these singers so far_ (see) music as a “job” because it is a good source of making money. have seen 根据根据so far可知用现在完成时可知用现在完成时态。态。 11.(2013广州一模广州一模)On International Childrens Day, some orphans(IRJL) from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Children _ (take) to the park.were taken 此句缺谓语此句缺谓语, 故要考虑时态和语态故要考虑时态和语态,根据前后的时态,根据前后的时态,此空要用过去式,又因此空要用过去式,又因some orphans与与take是被动关系,故要是被动关系,故要填过去时态的被动语态。填过去时态的被动语态。 12.(2013广州二模广州二模)It was my first trip to India alone. One day, as I _ (walk) through a local market, a ten-year-old boy came over and begged me to buy a book.was walking 根据时间根据时间One day 和后面的时态提示,这里应填和后面的时态提示,这里应填与过去相关的时态,再根据与过去相关的时态,再根据as引导的时间状语从句,这里应用引导的时间状语从句,这里应用过去进行时,表示在过去某一时间正在发生的事。过去进行时,表示在过去某一时间正在发生的事。 13.(2013佛山一模佛山一模)Ma knows all the dogs names, and when she calls ones name, the dog instantly knows she _ (refer) to it.is referring 根据根据when she calls ones name,此处要用现在进,此处要用现在进行时,表示动作正发生在她叫一条狗名字的时候。行时,表示动作正发生在她叫一条狗名字的时候。14.(2013湖南湖南)Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ (bother) us.bothers 由由every night可知,用一般现在可知,用一般现在时。其中时。其中will start也是表示一种习惯。也是表示一种习惯。15.(2013重庆重庆)I felt very tired when I got home, and I_ (go) straight to bed.went 由由and可知,可知,go应与应与felt的时态的时态一致,故也用一般过去时。一致,故也用一般过去时。 16.(2013湖南,湖南,22)“What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _(be) president,” said the boy, with a smile.will be 由前面的问句由前面的问句“你想当什么?你想当什么?”可知,是指将来,故用可知,是指将来,故用一般将来时。一般将来时。17.(2013课标课标)When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I_ (change) my mind. have changed 表示我表示我“现在已经改现在已经改变了变了”,故用现在完成时。,故用现在完成时。 18.(2013浙江浙江)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs_ (increase) sharply.has increased 因因the number of people与与increase是主动关系,是主动关系,用主动语态;由用主动语态;由During the last three decades可知,要用现在完可知,要用现在完成时。成时。 19.(2013辽宁辽宁)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he_ (have) it for a very long time. had had 从头句可知,吉他已卖了,这里是指他从买来那天起从头句可知,吉他已卖了,这里是指他从买来那天起一直到卖掉为止有很长一段时间了,即从过去某时开始一直延一直到卖掉为止有很长一段时间了,即从过去某时开始一直延续到另一过去时间,要用过去完成时。续到另一过去时间,要用过去完成时。20.(2013四川四川)Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ (wait) for us!is waiting 由由Hurry up, kids!可知,校可知,校车车“正在等正在等”我们,故用现在进行时。我们,故用现在进行时。 21.(2013陕西陕西)Jim _ (watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.was watching 这是固定句型这是固定句型was /were doing whendid表示表示“正在做某事突然又发生另一事正在做某事突然又发生另一事”,故用过去进行时。句意,故用过去进行时。句意为:吉姆正在家看一部午夜电影,正到惊险一幕时,影像突为:吉姆正在家看一部午夜电影,正到惊险一幕时,影像突然一片空白。然一片空白。 22.(20123安徽,安徽,24)Im calling about the apartment you_ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?advertised 由由the other say (前几天前几天)可知,用一般过去时。意为可知,用一般过去时。意为“我打电话来是想询问有关你早几天登了广告的公寓的情况我打电话来是想询问有关你早几天登了广告的公寓的情况”。 23.(2013陕西陕西)On Monday mornings it usually _ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles .takes 由由On Monday mornings和和usually可知,是每逢星期一可知,是每逢星期一早上经常发生的事,要用一般现在时。早上经常发生的事,要用一般现在时。 24.(2013湖南,湖南,26)If nothing _ (do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.is done 因主句用一般将来时,条件句应用一般现在时,又由因主句用一般将来时,条件句应用一般现在时,又由nothing与与do是被动关系可知要用被动语态,故用一般现在时的是被动关系可知要用被动语态,故用一般现在时的被动语态。被动语态。 25.(2013北京北京,23)Shakespeares play Hamlet _ (make) into at least ten different films over the past years.has been made 因因Hamlet与与make是被动关系,要用被动语态;是被动关系,要用被动语态;由时间状语由时间状语over the past years可知,要用现在完成时,故用现可知,要用现在完成时,故用现在完成时的被动语态。在完成时的被动语态。 26.(2013北京北京)If we_ (book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.had booked 条件句是表示与过去事实相反的情况,主句是与条件句是表示与过去事实相反的情况,主句是与现在情况相反。意为:如果我们早点预订的话,现在就不用现在情况相反。意为:如果我们早点预订的话,现在就不用在这排队了。在这排队了。 27.(2013天津天津)If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he_ (be) able to speak it much better now.would be 条件句是与过去事实相反,但主语是与现在事实相反。条件句是与过去事实相反,但主语是与现在事实相反。 28.(2013重庆重庆)It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _ (not take) one.hadnt taken 意思是意思是“如果我们没有带伞如果我们没有带伞”,与过去事实相反。,与过去事实相反。 29.(2013浙江浙江)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam_ (be) at the age of six months old.(should) be 由表示由表示“建议,劝告建议,劝告”的的recommend可知,其后可知,其后的从句用的从句用(should+)动词原形。动词原形。 30.(2013江苏江苏)I should not have laughed if I _ (think) you were serious.had thought 与过去事实相反,句意:如果我当时想到你是严与过去事实相反,句意:如果我当时想到你是严肃的,我就不该笑了。肃的,我就不该笑了。 31.(2013陕西陕西)My mom suggests that we_ (eat) out for a change this weekend.(should) eat 因因suggest作作“建议建议”解时,其后的从句,谓语动词解时,其后的从句,谓语动词用用(should +)动词原形。动词原形。 32.(2013福建福建)The famous musician, as well as his students, _ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.was invited 主语是主语是The famous musician,是第三人称单数,是第三人称单数,它与它与invite是被动关系,要用被动语态。是被动关系,要用被动语态。 33.(2013湖南湖南)The university estimates that living expenses for international students _(be) around 8,450 a year, which _ (is) a burden for some of them.are, is 前空主语是前空主语是living expenses,是复数;第二空的主语,是复数;第二空的主语which是指前面的前句话的内容,用第三人称单数。是指前面的前句话的内容,用第三人称单数。 34.(2013江苏江苏)Generally, students inner motivation with high expectation from others _ (be) essential to their development.is 主语是主语是students inner motivation,第三人称单数。大意是:,第三人称单数。大意是:一般说来,别人的高期望给学生的内驱力对他们的发展非常重一般说来,别人的高期望给学生的内驱力对他们的发展非常重要。要。u二、语篇填空二、语篇填空 阅读下面短文,用括号中动词的正确形式填阅读下面短文,用括号中动词的正确形式填空。空。u How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years? It 1. _(take) me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question. When Dad first quit drinking, the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a situation that, in the past,2. _(start)took would have started him drinking again. For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3. _(begin) again. “I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day,” was Dads reply to my 18-year-old unasked question. And then he 4. _ (share) the poem with me. would begin sharedAbout a month after this talk with my father, when I 5. _ (have) a rest, I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine. It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year. It 6. _(be) my experience that when you 7. _(get) something with days of the year on it, you 8. _( turn) to
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