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语法难点突破之五语法难点突破之五 定语从句（一）定语从句（一） 语法难点突破语法难点突破修饰名词和代词的成分修饰名词和代词的成分定语定语:a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用 1） 2） 3）London is the city that / which has hosted the 2012 Olympic Games. London the city host the 2012 Olympic Games.Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意义不完整。意义不完整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响。影响。修饰修饰先行先行词词修饰先修饰先行词行词 / 整个句整个句子子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开有有that 无无that Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别性定语从句的区别 Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。 The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.我昨天买的那本书是哈利波特与凤凰令1.指物时只用指物时只用that 或或which 的情况的情况2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词3.Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式4.as 与与which的区别的区别5.指人时指人时that 与与who的区别的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题 1. 先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。4. 先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者或者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that。只用只用that的情况的情况:6. 关系代词在从句中做表语关系代词在从句中做表语1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itthat 与与which 的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代词时，关系代词用代词时，关系代词用that4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修饰时修饰时先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰；先行词前修饰；先行词前有序数词有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或者者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用 who, which，而用而用 that。 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which的情况的情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面 2,介词后面介词后面2. The day _ he was born was Jan.20 ,2013.A.on which B.that C.which D.this 考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键关键 是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词或形容词动词或形容词与与先行词先行词习习惯搭配惯搭配方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系逻辑关系 注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由语时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引出。此时关系代词只能用出。此时关系代词只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替The man is from Beijing University .I talked about him at the meeting.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom但遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词但遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置组主体，不作前置 。Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? Filling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which考点三：考点三： Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。以指人，还可以指物。 3. whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时, 可用可用of which代替代替, 但词序不同，但词序不同，即即whose+名词名词=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which of which the window 考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1. 当与当与as, so, such或或the same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.2. as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有本身有“正正如如.正象正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. likeAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词作先行词时时, 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”.考点五考点五: that 与与who的区别的区别whowhowho 考点六考点六:如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的的先行词先行词保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job isam 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。Exercises2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation, case, scene时，时，一般用一般用where,也可也可用用in which3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A5. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、whichB6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、whatB7. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _ doorway its easy for us to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whoseADCD8. I，_ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D9. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、which B、thatC、what D、asB10. His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD 12. As many members _ were present agreed to the plan. A. who B. that C. which D. as D13. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what B14. This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比较：比较：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 .15. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it. A. as B. that C. which D. the onesABso .that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句16. _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. What D. ThatB17. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all D18. How do you like the book? Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what C19. There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of thatC20.I bought some books from the bookstore, five _were English novels.A. of which B. whichC. that D. in whichA21.Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD解题思路解题思路:1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词词and, but等。等。Translation 1. 这就是那位帮助我的人。这就是那位帮助我的人。2. 你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。3. 你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？This is the man who helped me.Mrs. Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?4. 我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。 5. 他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。 6. 请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？ The present that / which I received was from my brother.He came to my home during the week when I was out.Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?
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