虚拟语气讲解

定义：定义： 表示说的话不是事实，或不可能表示说的话不是事实，或不可能发生，只是一种愿望、假设或建议发生，只是一种愿望、假设或建议等。等。分类：分类： 时间选择型时间选择型 should + 动词原形型动词原形型 一般过去式型一般过去式型一、时间选择型一、时间选择型 If 虚拟条件状语从句虚拟条件状语从句 wish 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 even if /even though引导的让步状从引导的让步状从 as if /as though引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 和方式状从和方式状从 would rather 引导的从句引导的从句(一一)If 虚拟条件状语从句虚拟条件状语从句 当虚拟语气表示一种当虚拟语气表示一种不可能或与现实相反不可能或与现实相反的情的情况时，须根据与况时，须根据与现在、过去和将来情况相反现在、过去和将来情况相反的三的三种不同时间从而决定谓语动词。种不同时间从而决定谓语动词。 条件状语从句条件状语从句 主句主句 现在现在 If +主主+ were/did 主主+would/should +do 过去过去 If +主主+ had done 主主+ would have done (should) 将来将来 If +主主+ did were to do 主主+would/should +do should +do说明：说明：主句中的主句中的should通常用于第一人称，通常用于第一人称， would可用于任何人称，同时也可跟可用于任何人称，同时也可跟 据意思用据意思用could, might替换。替换。1.If I had more time, I should study German.2.If you had taken his advice, you wont have made such a mistake.3.If Tom should come tomorrow, I could have a talk with him.注意：注意：1.当条件状语从句的动作和主句的动作所发当条件状语从句的动作和主句的动作所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式决定于要生的时间不一致时，动词的形式决定于要表示的具体时间。表示的具体时间。 If he had taken the medicine, he would be all right now. 从句从句说的是说的是过去过去，而，而主句主句讲的是讲的是现在现在。 If I were you, I would have gone with him. 从句从句说的是说的是现在现在，而，而主句主句讲的是讲的是过去过去。2.如果如果条件状语从句中条件状语从句中含有含有were, should, had, 可以可以省略省略连词连词if，把这些词，把这些词放在主语放在主语 之前之前构成倒装句。构成倒装句。 Had you come yesterday, you would have met him. Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. Were she here, she could give us help.3.可以用介词短语、分词短语等形式可以用介词短语、分词短语等形式 代替条件状语从句，表示含蓄的虚代替条件状语从句，表示含蓄的虚 拟语气。拟语气。 But for the traffic jam, we would have arrived. Without air, we couldnt live.(二二)wish 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 wish 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句表示不能实现表示不能实现的愿望的愿望，汉语可译为，汉语可译为“可惜可惜”, “就好了就好了”，“但愿但愿” 时间时间 从句动词从句动词 表示表示现在现在不能实现的愿望不能实现的愿望 did 过去过去 had done 将来将来 would do (might) (1)I wish I knew how to operate the machine.(2)I wish you had come to our New Years party.(3)I wish you could go with us tomorrow.类似：类似： If only “要是要是就好了就好了”， “但愿但愿” 后面常用过去式或完成时后面常用过去式或完成时 If only I were younger. If only I had taken your advice.(三三) even if /even though 引导的让步引导的让步 状语从句，其谓语动词的变化同状语从句，其谓语动词的变化同If 虚虚 拟条件句。拟条件句。 Even if he were here, he wouldnt be able to help you.(四四) as if /as though 引导的表语从句和方引导的表语从句和方式式 状语从句状语从句可以用虚拟语气。可以用虚拟语气。 时间时间 从句动词形式从句动词形式从句表示与从句表示与现在现在事实相反事实相反 did 过去过去 had done 将来将来 would do (might) It seems as if it were spring already. He is talking as if he had been there at that time. It looks as if it might snow.注意注意: as if /as though 引导的从句也可以用引导的从句也可以用 陈述语气，特别是表示的情况是真实地陈述语气，特别是表示的情况是真实地 或可能性很大时。或可能性很大时。 It looks as if it is going to rain.(五五)would rather 后接从句后接从句，从句用，从句用过过 去式表现在或将来去式表现在或将来，用，用过去完成时过去完成时 表示过去表示过去。 I would rather you went there now. I would rather you came tomorrow. Id rather he hadnt told you about it.二、二、should + 动词原形型动词原形型 主语从句主语从句 It is + adj. / done + 主从主从 表示命令、建议等的表示命令、建议等的 宾从宾从 表从表从 同位从同位从should 在口语中可以省略在口语中可以省略(一一)主从主从 用以表示惊讶，惋惜，理应如此等用以表示惊讶，惋惜，理应如此等 It is + adj./ done +主从主从 常用的常用的adj.有：有：necessary, important, impossible, strange 等等 过去分词多是过去分词多是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词过去分词。如如: suggested, required, requested,demanded, proposed, recommended, ordered,desired, advised等。等。 Its necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. It is requested that Tom (should) give a performance at the party.(二二)上述动词后的宾语从句，上述动词后的宾语从句， 及其名词后的表从、同位从及其名词后的表从、同位从 用虚拟语气用虚拟语气 I suggested that we (should) form a spare time study group. My suggestion is that we (should) send some money to help her. The soldier gave the suggestion that the bridge (should) be destroyed.三、一般过去式型三、一般过去式型 用于用于“It is (high) time (that)” 句型中。句型中。 “现在该现在该” that 从句中谓语动词用过去式或从句中谓语动词用过去式或should + do It is high time that I went to school and picked up my little daughter. It is time we should have dinner.