必修5过去分词用法

He became inspired when he thought about helping people exposed to cholera.Observe the sentences and analyze what the underlined parts serve as. 划线部分为过去分词，分别在句中充当划线部分为过去分词，分别在句中充当表语表语和定语和定语。1. He became interested in two theories.2.So many thousands of terrified people died.3. The affected person died.4. It came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.5. He told the astonished people to remove the handle from the pump.6. Polluted water carried the virus. Find out the past participle. 作作表表语语作作定定语语2.作定语作定语1.作表语作表语过去分词过去分词过去分词的性质过去分词既有过去分词既有动词动词性质，也有性质，也有形容词形容词和和副词副词性质。性质。1)1)动词性质表现为动词性质表现为: :可以有自己的状语并组成过可以有自己的状语并组成过去去分词短语。分词短语。He likes to read the books He likes to read the books borrowed in the borrowed in the librarylibrary.(.(过去分词短语过去分词短语) 2)2)形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在句中可作在句中可作定语定语、表语表语、状语状语、补足语补足语等。等。 表示表示“感觉流露感觉流露”的一些过去分词的一些过去分词(如如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去和一些过去 分词分词(如如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用常用作表语作表语,表示状态。其中有些表示状态。其中有些仅表示状态仅表示状态,毫无被动毫无被动意味。意味。 They got very excited. His father seems pleased with his results. She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners. 过去分词过去分词作表语：表完成、被动或状态作表语：表完成、被动或状态系动词的分类：系动词的分类：表表象表表象：表感官表感官： 表变化表变化：表持续表持续：表状态表状态：Be( am, is, are)seem, appear, lookfeel, sound, smell, tastebecome, go, get, grow, fall, turnremain, stay, keep表终止表终止：prove，turn out用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示主要表示 动作的完成和状态动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。，此时相当于一个形容词。被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强, ,句子主语为句子主语为 动作的承受者，后面常跟动作的承受者，后面常跟byby短语。短语。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.C解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded. .1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay3. As soon as he entered the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost ADC4. What he has done is really _. Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by 2. The rooms are _, so you can move in. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted What he said was _ (encourage). We were _ (encourage )at what he said. The football game is very _(bore). We were _(bore) at the football game.V-ing 与与V-ed 作表语的区别作表语的区别encouragingencouragedboringboredV-ing 表事物或人所有的特性，翻译表事物或人所有的特性，翻译为为“使人感到使人感到-”V-ed 表主观感受，翻译为表主观感受，翻译为“感到感到.”1. Mr.Smith was _ of the _ speech.A. tired, boring B. tiring, boredC. tired, bored D.tiring, boringA2. She felt rather _that she should drive the car at such a_ speed. A. frightening, frightening B. frightened, frightened C. frightening, frightened D. frightened, frightening Dpainted wall boiled waterastonished person注意注意: 及物动词的过去分词表及物动词的过去分词表“完成完成”和和“被被动动”；但不及物动词的过去分词常表示；但不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成完成”的动作的动作, 而不表示而不表示“被动被动”意义。如意义。如: boiled water(开水开水); fallen leaves(落叶落叶) the risen sun(升升起的太阳起的太阳)等。等。表示表示“感觉流露感觉流露”的一些过去分的一些过去分词词(如如:interested,surprised, excited, frightened,shocked)则表状态。则表状态。过去分词过去分词作定语作定语:表完成、被动或状态表完成、被动或状态1.So many thousands of terrified people died.2. The affected person died.3. It came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.4. He told the astonished people to remove the handle from the pump.5. Polluted water carried the virus. 单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面前面; ;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。词的后面。单个过去分词作定语后置的情况1.I want to change the material used.2. The book given was wrritten by Lu Xun.3. Is there anyone injured?单个过去分词作定语时，为了强调，也可后置；个别过去分词，如given, left, concerned等习惯上后置；单个过去分词修饰由every/some/any/no和thing/body/one构成的不定代词时，需后置。过去分词短语作定语，后置，相当于定语从句1. He thought about helping people exposed to cholera.2. It came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He thought about helping people who were exposed to cholera. It came from the river which was polluted by the dirty water from London.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playingA解析 过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关动宾关系系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。且过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生正在发生，与修，与修饰词是饰词是主谓关系主谓关系。不定式作定语表示不定式作定语表示将要发生将要发生的动作。的动作。first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.1. The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.CA3. I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much. A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write2. Did you attend the meeting _yesterday? A. to be held B. having been held C. held D. being heldCB5. A great many students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questiong4. The _workers have been taken good care of by the government. A. retiring B. retired C. to be retired D. retires现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别1. The boy inviting me to his party is very popular among students.2. The boy invited to his party is very popular among students.现在分词作定语，表主动或进行过去分词作定语，表被动或完成221. The flowers _ sweet in the garden attract a lot of visitors. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt2. The girl _ a red coat is my sister.A. wear B. wore C. worn D. wearingBDObserve the sentences and analyze what the underlined parts serve as. 划线部分为过去分词，在句中充当划线部分为过去分词，在句中充当宾补宾补。A woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house.The English gonvernment tried to form the UK by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.I found the small town changed a lot.He wants the letter typed right away.We must get our homework finished on time.过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成，表示动作已完成，或和宾语存在动宾关系或和宾语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示“感知”（如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find等)、“意愿”（如want, wish, expect, 等) 的动词，或是使役动词（如（如make, have, keep 等）。等）。过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补1.1.表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的动词：的动词：want, wish, want, wish, expect, wish, like, order+ (to be) doneexpect, wish, like, order+ (to be) doneI want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.2.2.表表“感觉，心理状态感觉，心理状态”的动词：的动词：see, hear, feel, see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think+ object + p.p.watch, notice, find, think+ object + p.p.We saw the thief caught by the police.People found the water polluted. 3.使役动词（使役动词（make, have, keep）和）和getI want to get my hair cut tomorrow.= I want to get the barber to cut my hair.= I want to let the barber cut my hair.4.with, without + n. + p.p.Do you know the man with his hands tied back?They left without a dish touched.The murderer was brought in , with his hands _ behinds his back . A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tiedDObserve the sentences and analyze what the underlined parts serve as. 划线部分为过去分词，在句中充当划线部分为过去分词，在句中充当状语状语。1. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.2. Well-known for this expertise, his parents company transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.3. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.4. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.过去分词过去分词作状语作状语过去分词作状语，过去分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示或情景，表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况伴随情况等。等。一般说来，这一结构的一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语。a、表示表示时间时间Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.b、表示表示条件条件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况e e、表示、表示让步让步Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.1._in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To loseC解析1.1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing-ing或过去分词作状语或过去分词作状语, ,其逻辑主语应是其逻辑主语应是主句主语主句主语。2.“.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法， A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought 按句子提供的语境可用结构按句子提供的语境可用结构B.2. _ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. See B. Saw C. Seeing D. Seen 3. _ the past, our life is much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with DD4. _in her new skirt ,she tried to make herself _at the party . A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticed C. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; being noticingA5. _ better attention , the vegetables could have grown betterA. Giving B. Given C. Give D. To giveB6. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invited B. invitingC. being invited D. having invitedA7._ by his teachers, he has made great progress in his lesson.A. Helping B. To helpC. Help D. HelpedD8. _, the little boy is living a happy life.A.Taking good care B. Taken good careC. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of D9. _his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.A.Knowing not B. Not known C. Not knowing D. Not knowC10._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not receivedC11._ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; givingD12. The old man walked in the street, _.A. following his son B. followed his sonC. and following his son D. following by his sonA13. _ a white sweater, she looks much more beautiful.A. Dressing B. wearingC. Dressed D. Having dressedB