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考点考点6: 谓语动词谓语动词 真题再练真题再练在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。并说明理由。1.(2015卷卷I61) It was raining lightly when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. 由主句谓语动词由主句谓语动词“was raining”和后句和后句的谓语动词的谓语动词“didnt care”可知，可知，arrive应用一般过去时。句意是应用一般过去时。句意是“当当我们在天亮前到达阳朔时，正在下着我们在天亮前到达阳朔时，正在下着小雨小雨”。arrived2.(2015卷卷I67) Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.指目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一指目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一般现在时，下句谓语动词般现在时，下句谓语动词names是一般是一般现在时，也有提示作用；主语现在时，也有提示作用；主语Yangshuo是第三人称单数，故填是第三人称单数，故填is。is3.(2015卷卷II68) At the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _ (go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消抵消) for the outside temperatures. 因上句谓语动词因上句谓语动词“warm up”与下句中的与下句中的谓语动词谓语动词“warm up”和和“cool off”都是一都是一般现在时，故此处的般现在时，故此处的go也用一般现在时才也用一般现在时才能保持时态一致；主语能保持时态一致；主语This cycle是第三是第三人称单数，故填人称单数，故填goes。goes4.(2014卷卷I61) In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 指指1969年的情况，用一般过去时，上下年的情况，用一般过去时，上下句谓语动词的时态句谓语动词的时态(was, could)也提示我也提示我们用一般过去时，指当时无法想象；又们用一般过去时，指当时无法想象；又因主语因主语It是第三人称单数，故填是第三人称单数，故填was。was5.(2014卷卷II45) A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 在句中作谓语，考虑时态和语态；在句中作谓语，考虑时态和语态；a boy与与catch是主动关系，又由语境是主动关系，又由语境(如如was riding)可知用一般过去时，故填可知用一般过去时，故填caught。caught6.(2014样卷样卷1) Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan: Why?Mum: Im not sure what _ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre gone.在宾语从句中，在宾语从句中，what是主语，是主语，happen应为谓语应为谓语动词，故要考虑其时态；从下文动词，故要考虑其时态；从下文made, left, went, must have taken(一定已拿走一定已拿走)等可知，用一般过等可知，用一般过去时。去时。 happened7.(2014样卷样卷9) Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of the fridge?Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _ _ (put) them there when the phone rang. 从语境中可知，意思是从语境中可知，意思是“我一定是在电话铃响我一定是在电话铃响时把它们放进那里了时把它们放进那里了”，对过去情况的推测，对过去情况的推测，表示表示“一定已经一定已经”，用，用“must have done”。(注：注：像此题这样需要考生根据上下文语气增加情态像此题这样需要考生根据上下文语气增加情态动词且用完成式这种复杂形式，在高考语法填动词且用完成式这种复杂形式，在高考语法填空中考查的可能性极小空中考查的可能性极小)musthave put思路点拨思路点拨当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。一致等四个方面。1.时态时态 确定时态的四条依据：确定时态的四条依据：(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态什么时态(过去过去/现在现在/将来将来)，空格要填的动词时，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据填空中确定时态的最重要的依据(如上述真题如上述真题3和和4) 但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。如：依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。如：(2015广东卷广东卷) While making great efforts to run away, she _ (fall) over the hill and died. 解析：解析：由由and died可知，与之并列的可知，与之并列的fall也用一般过去时，故填也用一般过去时，故填fell。fell(3)依据时间状语。如依据时间状语。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；常与现在完成时连用；by the end of, since 1980, for three years常与完成时连用。常与完成时连用。(4)依据固定句式。请熟读以下句式并体会依据固定句式。请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。句中的时态。This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner.这是我第二次同外国人讲话。这是我第二次同外国人讲话。It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 这是我第二次同外国人讲话。这是我第二次同外国人讲话。Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交车，就开动了。我一上公交车，就开动了。I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正在做作业，突我正在做作业，突然她走了进来。然她走了进来。I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正要做作业，我正要做作业，突然她走了进来。突然她走了进来。I was on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去，电话响了。我正要出去，电话响了。2.语态语态 主语是谓语动词的执行者，主语是谓语动词的执行者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用主动语态；主语是谓语动关系，用主动语态；主语是谓语动词的承受者，即谓语动词与主语在词的承受者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，用被动语态。逻辑上是动宾关系，用被动语态。如：如：(2014广东卷广东卷) but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _(tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week解析：解析：句中句中tell (告诉告诉)后没有后没有sb.(人人)作宾作宾语，由语，由tell sb. sth.这一句型可知，要用被这一句型可知，要用被动语态；又由上下文的时态可知，用一动语态；又由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时；主语是般过去时；主语是we，构成被动语态的，构成被动语态的be用用were，故填，故填were told。were told3.语气语气 是否用虚拟语气，主要由一些特是否用虚拟语气，主要由一些特殊的词或句式来决定，详见考点归纳。殊的词或句式来决定，详见考点归纳。如如：(2012广东卷广东卷) Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sunglasses. He walked in as if he _ _(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.hadbought解析：解析：因因buy在主格人称代词在主格人称代词he后后, 显然是显然是作谓语作谓语; 又由语境可知，他不是真的买下又由语境可知，他不是真的买下了这个学校了这个学校, 只是他走进来时的那种气势只是他走进来时的那种气势好像是买下了这所学校一样，故应用虚拟好像是买下了这所学校一样，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。4. 主谓一致主谓一致 一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数词用单数; 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。以主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。以上真题再练的第上真题再练的第2, 3, 4题都涉及主谓一致。题都涉及主谓一致。又如：又如：(2008广东卷广东卷) Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention.解析：解析：句中句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语应是谓语动词；动词；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。results考点归纳考点归纳谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。1.时态时态 尽管课标或考纲中列出了尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时种时态，但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考态，但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考真题只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两真题只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。种时态。现在现在时态时态构成构成(以以do为例为例)过去过去时态时态构成构成(以以do为例为例)注意注意变化变化一般将一般将来来 时时will do过去将过去将来来 时时would dowill would一般现一般现在在 时时do/does一般过一般过去去 时时diddo/does did尽管如此，以下尽管如此，以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还是种时态的基本用法和构成还是应掌握的：应掌握的：现在现在时态时态构成构成(以以do为例为例)过去过去时态时态构成构成(以以do为例为例)注意变化注意变化现在进现在进行行 时时am /is/are doing过去进过去进行行 时时was/ were doingam/is/are was/ were现在完现在完成成 时时have /has done过去完过去完成成 时时had donehave/ has had2.语气语气 掌握以下两类八条。掌握以下两类八条。类类别别编编号号具体情况具体情况(烂烂记于心记于心)典型例句典型例句(熟读背诵熟读背诵)过过去去式式1if引导虚拟条引导虚拟条件句件句If I were you, I should take my time.如果我是你，我如果我是你，我就不着急。就不着急。2without, but for, otherwise等引出的含等引出的含蓄虚拟条件蓄虚拟条件But for your help I would have fallen in the exam.要要不是有你的帮助，我这次不是有你的帮助，我这次考试就过不了关。考试就过不了关。类类别别编编号号具体情况具体情况(烂记于心烂记于心)典型例句典型例句(熟读背诵熟读背诵)过过去去式式3wish后的后的宾语从句宾语从句I wish I had a house in Guangzhou, but I cant afford one.我多希望在广我多希望在广州有房，可是我买不起。州有房，可是我买不起。4 if only后后的句子的句子If only I were rich.要是我要是我很富有，多好呀！很富有，多好呀！类类别别编编号号具体情况具体情况(烂烂记于心记于心)典型例句典型例句(熟读背诵熟读背诵)过过去去式式5would rather后的句子后的句子Id rather you hadnt said that. 我真希望你我真希望你没有那样说过。没有那样说过。6as if /though后的句子后的句子(可可能用能用)Mr. Li, my English teacher, treats me as if I were his own son.英语英语老师李老师像对待他儿老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待我。子般对待我。(should+)动词原形动词原形1 (10个词个词)一个一个“坚持坚持(insist)”I insist that she (should) come tomorrow.我坚持我坚持要求她明天来。要求她明天来。二个二个“命令命令(order, command)”He gave orders that the work should be started immediately. 他他发出指示要立即发出指示要立即开始工作。开始工作。(should+)动词原形动词原形1 (10个词个词)三个三个“建议建议(advise, suggest, recommend)”I recommended that he (should) see a lawyer.我曾我曾建议他去咨询律建议他去咨询律师。师。四个四个“要求要求(ask, request, require, demand)”She asked that she (should) be kept informed of developments.她她要求告知进展情要求告知进展情况。况。(should+)动词原形动词原形2It is necessary/ natural / important/ strange thatIt is necessary that he come to the office. 他有必他有必要到办公室来。要到办公室来。 考点练透考点练透1. (2015广东卷广东卷) He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _ (leave). 介词介词with后应是宾语从句，连接代词后应是宾语从句，连接代词what = the milk that，意为，意为“(除了用于换其他食物除了用于换其他食物的牛奶后的牛奶后)剩下的牛奶剩下的牛奶”；因；因what与与leave (剩剩下下)是被动关系，用被动语态；上下文都是过是被动关系，用被动语态；上下文都是过去时，也用一般过去时；去时，也用一般过去时；what作主语，用第作主语，用第三人称单数，故填三人称单数，故填was left。was left2. (2013广东卷广东卷) Suddenly, he _ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt”在主格人称代词在主格人称代词he后，后，that引导的宾语引导的宾语从句之前，从句之前，find应是谓语动词；由下文应是谓语动词；由下文的的called可判断可判断find用一般过去时，故填用一般过去时，故填found。found3. (2011广东卷广东卷) I noticed a man sitting at the front. He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 在主语在主语He后，后，pretend显然是谓语动词；显然是谓语动词；giving it (the tiger) a voice的主语应当是的主语应当是He,因此，因此，and giving与谓语动词是并列关与谓语动词是并列关系；由此推断系；由此推断, 谓语动词应是过去进行时谓语动词应是过去进行时, 故填故填was pretending。was pretending4. (2010广东卷广东卷) After a four-day journey, the young man _ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink 动词动词present(赠予赠予)在主语在主语the young man后，后，应是谓语动词；由语境及上下文的谓语动应是谓语动词；由语境及上下文的谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时，故填词的时态可知，用一般过去时，故填presented。presented5. (2009广东卷广东卷)people stepped on your feet or _(push) you with their elbows (肘部肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 因主语因主语people与与push是主动关系，用主是主动关系，用主动语态；又由并列连词动语态；又由并列连词or可知，可知，push与与stepped应为并列谓语，时态要一致；应为并列谓语，时态要一致；stepped是一般过去时，是一般过去时，push也应是一般也应是一般过去时，故填过去时，故填pushed。pushed6. (2009广东卷广东卷) “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane _ _ (inform).因因inform在主语在主语Jane后作谓语，后作谓语，Jane与与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时，所是被动关系，又是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was informed。wasinformed7. (2007广东卷广东卷) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _(break) down near a remote village. 在在when后的分句中，后的分句中，my car是主语，其后的是主语，其后的break应为谓语动词；由全文可知，这是叙述过应为谓语动词；由全文可知，这是叙述过去的经历，应用一般过去时；再说去的经历，应用一般过去时；再说was / were doing when did是一个固定句型，是一个固定句型，when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在正在做某事，就在这个时候突然发生了另外一事做某事，就在这个时候突然发生了另外一事”，故填故填broke。broke8. Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, _(look) at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.由由and be可知与之并列的可知与之并列的be是原形，由此是原形，由此可想到可想到look也用原形，是祈使句句型。也用原形，是祈使句句型。look9. In the last few years, China _ (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 由由In the last few years可知用现在完成时。可知用现在完成时。10. I _(hear) nothing from him up to now.由由up to now可知用现在完成时。可知用现在完成时。has madehave heard11. He was about to tell me the secret when someone _ (pat) him on the shoulder.由由was /were about to do sth. when sb. did固定句型可知固定句型可知, when后句子用一般过去时。后句子用一般过去时。12. He _(think) about the problem when an apple fell to the ground.由由was /were doing sth. when sb. did固定句固定句型可知。型可知。pattedwas thinking13. This is the first time that our whole class _ (go) out together for a picnic.在在This/It is the first time that句型中，句型中，that后的谓语动词用现在完成时。后的谓语动词用现在完成时。have gone14. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _ (interrupt) me that evening.在在It/This was the second time (that)句型句型中，中，that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。had interrupted15. Hardly had the game begun when it _ (start) raining. 由由Hardlywhen句型可知，前面多句型可知，前面多用过去完成时，用过去完成时，when后谓语动词常用后谓语动词常用一般过去时。一般过去时。started16. It is reported that a space station _ _(build) on the moon in years to come. 因因a space station与与build之间是被动关系之间是被动关系, 要用被动语态；又由要用被动语态；又由“in years to come (未未来的几年内来的几年内)”可知用将来时，因此，用一可知用将来时，因此，用一般将来时的被动语态。句意：据报道般将来时的被动语态。句意：据报道, 一个一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上建成。空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上建成。builtwill be 17. As you go through this book, you _ _ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience. 句中句中as引导的是时间状语从句引导的是时间状语从句, 从句中用从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时一般现在时代替一般将来时, 所以主句需所以主句需用一般将来时。句意：当你读这本书时用一般将来时。句意：当你读这本书时, 你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。findwill18. Whatever she _ (say) will not make any difference to our arrangements.句意：无论她说什么都不会对我们的安句意：无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。排有影响。says19. The real reason why prices _ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 根据空格后面的根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍而且现在仍然是然是)判断判断, 前面是指物价过去的情况前面是指物价过去的情况, 应应用一般过去时。句意：物价过去很高用一般过去时。句意：物价过去很高, 现现在依然居高不下在依然居高不下, 其真正原因是复杂的其真正原因是复杂的, 不不是两三句话能圆满解释的。是两三句话能圆满解释的。were20. If only I _(listen) to my parents at that time! But its too late now.因因if only (但愿，要是但愿，要是就好了就好了)与与wish的意义和用法相同，后面的句子要用虚拟的意义和用法相同，后面的句子要用虚拟语气，由语气，由at that time可知是与过去事实相可知是与过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成时，填反的情况，故用过去完成时，填had listened。had listened21. If only I _(can) play the piano as well as Lang Lang.因因if only后面的句子要用虚拟语气，由句后面的句子要用虚拟语气，由句意可知是与现在事实相反的情况，故用一意可知是与现在事实相反的情况，故用一般过去时，表示能力的般过去时，表示能力的can的过去时形式的过去时形式是是could。could22. I wish I _(fly) freely in the sky like a bird.因因wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句意来看，是与现在事实相反的情况，句意来看，是与现在事实相反的情况，“像鸟一样在蓝天飞翔像鸟一样在蓝天飞翔”应是强调具应是强调具备这种能力，故填备这种能力，故填could fly(能飞能飞)。 could fly23. But for your help we _ _ (be) late. 由由but for (如果没有，要不是如果没有，要不是)可知要可知要用虚拟语气，由句意可知是与过去事用虚拟语气，由句意可知是与过去事实相反的情况，故填实相反的情况，故填would have been。would havebeen24. The Gadfly insisted that the work _ (finish) by the middle of June.句中句中insisted作作“坚持坚持/坚决要求坚决要求”，其后，其后的宾语从句的谓语用的宾语从句的谓语用“(should +)动词原动词原形形”；又因；又因“工作工作”与与“完成完成”是被动关是被动关系，要用被动语态，故填系，要用被动语态，故填(should) be finished。 (should) be finished25. He insisted that he _(be) not ill, but the doctor insisted that he _ _ (take) the medicine. 第一个第一个insisted意为意为“坚持说，坚决认为坚持说，坚决认为(是怎么回事是怎么回事)”，其宾语从句的谓语不用虚，其宾语从句的谓语不用虚拟语气，故填拟语气，故填was；第二个第二个insisted意为意为“坚持要求坚持要求(要要/该做某该做某事事)”，其宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，其宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，故填故填(should) take。 was(should)take26. I ordered that the gate _ _ (lock).因因order (命令，指示命令，指示)后的宾语从句的后的宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，且谓语要用虚拟语气，且the gate与与lock是被动关系，故填是被动关系，故填(should) be locked。(should) belocked27. A lighted sign commanded that seat belts _ (fasten).由由commanded可知，其后的宾语从句的可知，其后的宾语从句的谓语要用谓语要用(should+)动词原形，又因动词原形，又因seat belts (安全带安全带) 与与fasten (系系) 是被动关系是被动关系,故填故填(should) be fastened。(should) be fastened28. Her pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill and her mother suggested she _ (see) a doctor.因第一个因第一个suggest意为意为“显示，表明显示，表明(=show)”, 其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气气,故填故填was；第二个；第二个suggest意为意为“建建议议”,其后的宾语从句的谓语要用其后的宾语从句的谓语要用(should+)动词原形，故填动词原形，故填(should) see。 was(should) see29. They advise that a passport _ _ (carry) with you at all times.因因advise后的从句谓语要用后的从句谓语要用(should+)动动语原形，且语原形，且a passport (护照护照)与与carry (携携带带)是被动关系，故填是被动关系，故填(should) be carried。 (should) be carried30. She requested that no one _ _ (tell) of her decision until the next meeting.因因request后的从句谓语用后的从句谓语用(should+)动词动词原形，且原形，且on one与与tell是被动关系，故填是被动关系，故填(should) be told。(should) betold31. Oh, it is natural that she _ (have) different views.因因it is natural/ strange/ important/ necessary that句型中句型中that从句的谓语通从句的谓语通常用常用“(should+)动词原形动词原形”，故填，故填(should) have。 (should) have32. Tom was not there that day, but he described the scene as vividly as if he _(be) there. 由由“Tom was not there that day”可知，可知，as if表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，故填故填had been。had been33. Would you mind if I _ (ask) you to do something? 因因Would you mind if句型中用过去时句型中用过去时的虚拟语气。注意，的虚拟语气。注意，Do you mind if不用虚拟语气。请比较：不用虚拟语气。请比较：Do you mind if I smoke here? /Would you mind if I smoked here? 我在这里抽烟你介意吗我在这里抽烟你介意吗?asked34. I should apply for the post if I _ (be) you. I think you stand a good chance. 因因“如果我是你如果我是你”与现在事实相反，与现在事实相反，故说故说if I were you。were35. If it _ (rain) tomorrow, wed stay at home. 由由tomorrow与主句谓语与主句谓语would stay可知，可知，是与将来事实相反的情况，因此虚拟条件是与将来事实相反的情况，因此虚拟条件句的谓语用一般过去时或句的谓语用一般过去时或were to加动词原加动词原形或形或should加动词原形，故填加动词原形，故填rained或或were to rain或或should rain都可以。都可以。rained/were to rain/should rain36. If you _(listen) to me, you wouldnt have made so many mistakes. 由主句谓语由主句谓语wouldnt have made可知，是可知，是与过去事实相反的情况，因此虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的情况，因此虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时，故填的谓语用过去完成时，故填had listened。had listenedTHANK YOU!
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