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密 级分类号编 号成 绩本科生毕业设计 (论文)外 文 翻 译原 文 标 题Diesel engine injection system译 文 标 题柴油发动机喷射系统作者所在系别机电工程学院作者所在专业车辆工程作者所在班级B13142作 者 姓 名饶钦作 者 学 号20124014138指导教师姓名臧继嵩指导教师职称讲师完 成 时 间2017年3月北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题柴油发动机喷射系统原文标题Diesel engine injection system作 者Jeff Daniels译 名杰夫 丹尼斯国 籍美国原文出处Automotive Design Asia摘要：柴油喷射压力已提高到2000巴汽油直喷和压电技术都变得越来越常见因为燃油供给系统在不断地改革。大约在过去的五年中汽车燃油供给技术发生了一场革命其中变化最大的是柴油发动机在直喷柴油机上运用了共轨系统该系统安装有压电式喷油器现在正受到人们越来越多的关注。在汽油发动机方面现在也有往直喷技术发展的趋势但这种趋势逐渐趋缓而且并没有都往这个方向发展也有其它新的技术诸如空气引射技术但受材料方面的影响进展也较缓慢。关键词：燃油供给系统 共轨系统 压电式喷油器Abstract: the fuel injection pressure has increased to 2000 bar gasoline direct injection and piezoelectric technology is becoming more common because of fuel supply system in constant reform.About in the past five years automotive fuel oil supply technology was a revolution is one of the biggest changes in diesel engine on the direct injection diesel engine using common rail system is the system equipped with piezoelectric injector is now more and more attention by people. In gasoline engine now has to the trend of the development of the direct injection technology but the trend is gradually slow and not toward this direction also have other new technology such as air ejector technology but also affected by the material aspects of the progress is relatively slow.Keywords: fuel oil supply system Common rail system Piezoelectric injectors1喷射系统发展 任何燃油供给系统最基本的功能是向每个汽缸供给足够的燃油通过这种方式与吸进来的空气混合并燃烧当然燃烧得越完全越好。随着对汽车排放要求的提高对该方面的更精确控制变得很有必要。燃油供给系统不仅要改变循环供油量同时要改变喷油正时和喷油位置。 在90年代中期化油器式的汽油机各项性能还能基本达到要求该技术是把然油和空气在进气歧管前混合当进气门打开后可然混合气流经进气歧管吸入气缸但该技术在控制方面并不精确。之后化油器的大量改进针对的目标首先是完美地控制每个气缸混合气的浓度和量其次是克服系统高惯性的操空缺点再次是完成良好的混和与完全燃油燃烧。达到排放法规所规定的排放标准需要三元催化转换器所以法规一出台化油器变成为了历史。有效的操作应该是应该是控制可然混合气浓度即在大多数情况下把浓度控制在理论空燃比附近。结果燃油喷射变得强制性了。欧洲没有采用美国早期的解决方法燃油在喉管喷射而是致力于开发在每个气缸安装一个喷油器的独立喷射技术。所有喷油器同步工作技术在90年代早期较为普遍在配有优化正时技术时但是和排放方面的有些要求必须大量采用该方法。 此后问题成为解决方法应该向哪个技术方向发展。解决方案不断出现燃油经济性和低排放驱动了欧洲排放法规向前迈进。通过提高压缩比来提高热效率的任何解决方法只要排放达标都被受视为可行的。从燃油系统的观点看这将使汽油直喷技术推向关注前沿。该技术首先引起广泛关注是在解决了使稀燃发动机高效率工作后使其在空然比围501或者更稀的情况下运转平稳。然而即使不用高压缩比它涉及到对该系统复杂的控制程序作处理直喷技术也有两个特殊优点，燃油在汽缸中的蒸发产生一个使爆燃可能性提高的冷却效果它使压缩比提高至111或121或更高，另外缸内燃油喷射的准确性与现代所有发动机内漩涡以及气流混和的类型有关此能力潜在地写出了热效率地提高。 柴油机的发展已有一百年多的历史，其技术发展可分为三个阶段。第一阶段：20世纪20年代中期以德国Bosch公司为代表的机械式喷油系统代替了蓄压式供油系统，这样柴油机在车辆上的应用就产生了。第二阶段：50年代初废气涡轮增压技术，奠定了它在该行业中的动力装置的基础。第三个阶段：80年代至今，现代微机作为电控单元的电控技术在柴油机上的应用，就有了现代先进汽车柴油机电控系统的产生和发展，使柴油机在动力性、经济性、排放及噪声指标等具有了强有力的竞争能力。仅1993年统计，德国Bosch公司的电控分配泵和电控直列泵在市场上已超25万台，美国底特律柴油机公司DDEC电控泵喷嘴系统生产了10万多台，还有日本一些公司生产的可变预行程的TICS直列泵已达2万多台，其中绝大部分是电控的。另外如美国Caterpillar公司、日本Nippon公司、德国Denso公司都进行了共轨电控燃油喷射系统研究，并相继投入到生产中。到目前为止，各国已研制并生产各种柴油机电子控制系统，有力的缓解了当前的世界性能源危机和汽车污染。一些汽车工业发达国家的柴油机电控技术水平目前已相当发达。 目前欧美国家中100重型车、90轻型车采用柴油机，欧洲的柴油轿车在轿车保有量中比例超过40，新车产量比例超过50。博世公司对中国市场的保守预测是，到2015年，柴油车所占比例能达到25，而同样到2015年据有些文章介绍在美国轻型车辆和轿车领域，柴油车的市场份额将提高到大约15。 柴油机的电子控制技术大致可分为3个阶段：（1）20世纪70年代的初始研发阶段，此时电控主要用于发电机组用柴油机； （2）20世纪80年代为实用阶段，发展了多种位置控制式和时间控制式电喷系统，被控量也由原来的一种发展为多种； （3）20世纪90年代至今为成熟阶段，功能更为强大的电喷系统可以控制喷油量、喷油正时、喷油压力以及喷油率。1 Injection System DevelopmentAny fuel oil supply system is the most basic function is to supply enough fuel to each cylinder in through this way and the suction air mixing and combustion of course burning as completely as possible. Along with the increase of vehicle emission requirements of the more precise control of become very necessary. Fuel oil supply system should not only change the cycle oil at the same time to change the injection timing and fuel injection location. In the mid - 90 - s carburetor type gasoline engine performance also can achieve the basic requirements of the technology is the natural oil, and the air in front of the intake manifold combination as the inlet valve opens can however mixture flows through the intake manifold suction cylinder after but the technique in the aspect of control is not accurate. Carburetor after a lot of improvement in view of the target first is perfect to control each cylinder mixture high amount of concentration and the second is to overcome the system inertia operation point is once again available to complete a mixture of good and full fuel combustion. Reach the emission standard stipulated in the emission regulations need to ternary catalytic converters so regulations introduced a carburetor into to history. Effective operation should be should be control can be natural mixture concentration is in most cases the concentration near the theory air-fuel ratio control. The fuel injection has become mandatory. Europe did not adopt the early solution to the fuel in the throat spray but devoted to the development in each cylinder to install a fuel injector independent injection technology. All fuel injector synchronization technology in the early 90 s more common but when equipped with timing optimization technology and emissions of some requirements must be a lot by using this method. Since then to solve the problem which should be referred to the technology development direction. Solution appear constantly fuel economy and low emission driving forward the European emissions regulations. Through improving the thermal efficiency of the compression ratios to improve any solution as long as the emission standard is as feasible. From the fuel system point of view that will make gasoline direct injection technology to focus on cutting edge. The technology widely attention was first after solved make efficient lean combustion engine work in the empty but than the circumference of 501 or more thin cases, smooth operation. Even without a high compression ratio, however, it involves the control program of the system is a complex deal with direct injection technology also has two special advantages, evaporation of fuel in the cylinders explosion resulted from a possibility to improve the cooling effect of it to improve compression ratio by 111 or 121 or higher, and the accuracy of the fuel injection in cylinder with all modern vortex and air mixture in the engine on the type of the ability to potentially wrote to increase thermal efficiency.The development of diesel engine is more than 100 years old and its technical development can be divided into three stages. First stage: in the mid - 1920 - s represented by Germany Bosch company mechanical injection system to replace the accumulator type oil supply system, the application in vehicle diesel engine is generated. Phase two: exhaust turbo-charging technology in the early 1950s laid the foundation for its power plant in the industry. Third stage: since 80 s, modern microcomputer as electric control technology application in diesel engine electronic control unit (ECU), there will be a modern advanced the emergence and development of electric control system of automotive diesel engine, the diesel engine in performance, fuel economy, emissions and noise index has a strong competitive ability. Only in 1993, Germany Bosch company electric distribution pump and electric inline pump in the market has more than 250000 Taiwan, the United States Detroit diesel engine company DDEC electric pump nozzle system produced more than 100000 units, there are some Japanese company produces the variable in the process of the trip TICS inline pump has reached more than 20000, most of them are electronically controlled. Other companies such as Caterpillar, Nippon, Denso, and Denso, Germany, have conducted research on the common rail fuel injection system, which has been put into production. So far, countries have developed and produced various diesel electronic control systems, effectively alleviating the current world energy crisis and automobile pollution. The level of diesel electric control technology in some developed countries is now quite advanced. At present the home in the United States by 100%, 90% light vehicle diesel engine using heavy trucks, European diesel car in car ownership more than 40%, more than 50% new car production. Boschs conservative forecast is for the Chinese market, in 2015, the proportion of diesel vehicles can reach 25%, and by 2015 according to some articles on the same light vehicles and passenger cars, in the United States market share of diesel will increase to about 15%. The electronic control technology of diesel engines can be divided into three stages: (1) the initial development phase of the 1970s, when the electric control was mainly used in diesel engines for generators. (2) in the 1980s, a variety of location-control and time-controlled electric spraying systems were developed for the practical stage, and the controlled quantity was also developed from one of the original ones. (3) in the 1990s, a more powerful electric system could control the flow of oil, timing, oil pressure and fuel injection. 指 导 教 师 评 语 外文翻译成绩：指导教师签字： 年 月 日注：1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面：翻译的外文文献与毕业设计（论文）的主题是否高度相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计（论文）的参考文献；翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量（3 000字以上）；译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。
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