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精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Lesson50 New Year Resolutions 新年的决心New words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里Resolution rezlun1、决议（a formal decision at a meeting by means of a vote） 2、决心 3、最终解决（正式） 4、分辨率take resolution to do sth. / make up ones mind to do sth. / be determined to do sth. / decide to do sth. 词根 Resolve 1、vt 解决（问题或困难）正式 同义词：settle2、vt&vi下决心（a firm decision） 正式 resolve to do sth resolve on sth/on doing sth3、（委员会、会议等) 作出决定；作出决议；表决 V that V to inf4、n U (to do sth)(正式) 决心；坚定的信念 同义词：resolution5、vt 溶解 vi 分解solve 普通用词，含义广，指为有一定难度的问题找到满意的解法或答复。1、解决，处理to find a way of dealing with a problem or difficult situation2、解答；破解 to find the correct answer or explanation for sthresolve 主要指对问题或情况进行细微的分析或思索，以得出结论或解决途径。vi . resolve to do sth. = take resolution to do sth.Vt Resolve sb. on sth. 使某人下定决心做某事-I resolved him on English study. -Nobody resolved him on this decision.同族词：resolved 下定决心的；已解决的；断然的 resolvable 可分解的；可解决的；可溶解的 resolving 分解；解析 名词词根 Resolute a.坚决的,果断的 be relolute to do sth= resolve to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth=be determined to do sth注意副词：resolutely坚决地；毅然地-We must be true in word and resolute in deed.我们必须言必信,行必果.resolve 语气较强，强调克服感情上的软弱，下决心干具体的一件事。determination 侧重坚定不移的顽强意志力（偏向于人的方面）。决心resolution 指自觉地正式表示的决心，含极强的主观能动意味。decision 既可指重大的或一般的决定或决心，又可指在多种情况下作出果断的抉择，毫不犹豫地采取行动。Mentally adv. 内心里 （精神上，智力上，内心里也就是心理上）mentally ill 精神病患者 mentally retarded 智障；智力迟钝 mentally handicapped 智力障碍的；精神障碍的Physically 身体上 Sentimentally 感情上 materially物质上Compile kmpal vt.编辑,编制,汇编(collect information and arrange in a book (great book/dictionary) 六级名词：compilation kmplen 编辑同义词 Edit vt .编辑(collect information and arrange in newspaper or magazine)-The editor is busing editing the newspaper.compile 通常指根据搜集、整理的资料编辑词典或汇编文集。edit 普通用词，含义广泛。指校订、编辑他人待出版的著作，也指对杂志、报刊的稿件进行编辑、编排加工。Formidable fmdbl adj. 令人敬畏的 六级可怕的；令人敬畏的；难对付的 if people, things or situations are formidable , you feel fear and/or respect for them, because they are impressive or powerful, or great,(大) or because they seem very difficultRecur rk(r) vi. 复发；重现；再现；循环；recur to ones mind 再次想起Recurring adj. 循环的；再发的Occur vi. Happen发生；出现occur to sb 想起-A good idea occurred to me. / It occurred to him that he should open the door.形近词1. Recur vi .再发生,又出现 occur again2. Incur vt. 导致,招致,造成 (=lead to / result in / give rise to / cause)（招致; 蒙受 书面） 六级专八-Air pollution incurs some terrible disease.Regularity rejulrti n. 规律性 （规律性; 规律 正式）Regular 1、定期的 2、经常的 3、规则的 4、均匀的 5、美国英语：普通的，中份的 6、常客，正式队员Regularize （英 regularise） rejlraz 使.合法化; 使.规范化（规则化）；使系统化，体系化 正式regulation n.规则，规定，法规；调控，管理rules and regulations 规则 traffic regulations 交通规则 customs regulations 海关规则government regulation政府管制Accomplishment n 成就Accomplish vt. 成功地达到目的 accomplish ones purpose/ goal/ dream/ aim/ work/ task（完成，实现）-He accomplish his journey.同义词1. Attain vt. 得到,获得(经过艰苦的努力) Attain ones ambition Get success / attain success1. attain 是及物动词，意思是“获得”、“达到”、“完成”；attain to 是介词动词，意思是“达到”、“取得（想获得的）”。2. attain 着重“完成” ；attain to着重“过程”，而且常常用于正式语体。-He has attained heights that I can never attain to . -This is the height that I have attained.attain 达到，实现，常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。（达到目的，取得成就）如：Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals. Obtain 获得 正式 acquire, obtain, get, win, earn, gainfinish 最常用，后接动词的-ing形式，表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。accomplish 表成功，强调完成的结果而不是过程。如：Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. complete 表示积极的完成，更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如：Has he complete his novel yet? achieve 完成，实现，强调通过努力而达到目的。如：-We always cherish（珍惜treasure / value / prize）what we have achieved.Accomplishment n. 成就(主要用于修养,才艺,本领等方面的成就)Achievement n. (最通俗的说法,可代替accomplishment)-Such accomplishment is beyond your attainment.-His attainment is beyond my understanding.-His accomplishment is unexpected to me.accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者attainment n 达到 （n. 达到；成就；学识）1、获得 正式 the of sth 2、技能; 成就 正式 a skill you have learned or sth you have achievedInveterate nvetrt adj. 根深蒂固的 八级 ADJ nInveterate smoker 老烟枪 inveterate liar 撒谎成瘾inveterate distrust 根深蒂固的不信任 inveterate hatred 积怨（宿怨） inveterate illness顽疾deep-rooted adj. 根深蒂固的deep-rooted habit 积习 deep-rooted belief 根深蒂固的想法eg. It is deep-rooted that boys are somehow superior to girls.Incurable adj. 难以治愈的an incurable illness 不治之症 an incurable optimist 一个乐天派 an incurable boy 无药可救的孩子Self-improvement n. 自我完善 （自我改进，自强不息）self break-through 自我突破 self esteem 自尊 stim n&vi尊重敬重 self control 自我控制；自制self learning 自学习 self weight 自重 self consciousness 自我意识；自觉意识real self 真实自我 second self 知己；心腹；左右手self first 先顾自己 self cleaning 自净，自动清洗 self reliance 自力更生；依靠自已self image 自身形象 self regulation 自动调整；自律 self test 自检测试Scheme n. 简单的计划，方案1、(政府或其他组织的)计划，方案，安排 美国用program2、计谋;阴谋;诡计;计划 someones plan for achieving something.3、vt密谋;图谋;秘密策划plot plt v.密谋 （n. 情节；图；阴谋vt. 密谋；绘图；标绘vi. 密谋；策划；绘制）to make a secret plan to harm a person or organization , especially a political leader or governmentv.密谋 一人或多人秘密谋划伤害他人. eg. The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.plot our revenge 谋划复仇计划 plot against the government 阴谋推翻政府plot to do sth with sb 和某人密谋要作事情scheme skim vt 图谋，策划（密谋，表不满） n 表示计划（中性，尤其是政府或机构的大规模的）scheme to get ones revenge 图谋复仇 conspire knspa v.(贬)图谋不轨（一般是合谋） 不止一个人，conspiracy 阴谋诡计conspire with sb to do stheg. Conspire to overthrow the government.plan v. 计划，安排 普通用词，指事前仔细筹划、安排。plot v. 策划，密谋 通常指秘密策划违法行为或针对某政要、政府的阴谋活动。scheme v. 策划，密谋 指为牟取私利而投机取巧或搞阴谋。blueprint n. 从本义蓝图，引申指详细而具体的行动计划。Ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的 （有野心的，有雄心的） Ambition (中性词)an ambitious politician an ambitious plan/an ambitious schemebe ambitious for fame be thirsty/hungry for-Everybody in the modern society must be ambitious.-If you work hard, you can attain your ambition.ambition n.eg. A little pressure and ambition will make us perform better.Pitfall n. 意外的困难，易犯的错误 （隐患；陷阱；圈套） 六级（a danger or difficulty, especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first）eg. The examination designed some pitfalls for students.Blunder n. a careless or stupid mistake n.愚蠢(或粗心)的错误v.犯愚蠢的(或粗心的)错误error n. 错误，失误 可指任何错误，包括笔误、印刷错误或计算错误，常可与 mistake 换用。 mistake n. 错误，不正确 make a mistake by mistakefault n. 缺点； 过错 表示“缺点，毛病”时为可数名词；表示“过失，过错”时为不可数名词。Modest adj. 要求不过分的;谦虚的-I make New Year resolution and I think them modest. -Be modest is one of our virtues.1)谦逊的 a modest scholarhumble （自谦语）指精神和行为上的谦逊。褒义指对自己或自己的成就不骄傲；贬义指过低地评价自己，对人低声下气。modest 含义广泛，指行为或态度等方面不自大、不虚荣、不傲慢、不武断和不自负。2) not very big, expensive 不大大，不过分，过得去的（两层含义：1、适度的 2、(数量、比率或改进幅度等) 较小的）a modest amount适量 a modest improvement 适度提高 a modest income中等收入a modest house一般住房条件 moderate adj.（1、(政见或政策) 温和的 2、(数量或程度) 适中的 3、(变化) 不大的） 四级 n、温和派 vt&vi 使缓和; 变得缓和a moderate appetite食欲一般 a moderate garden一般大小的花园 a moderate price价格一般temperate adj. 气候温和 （(气候或地区) 温和的） 六级the temperate zone 温带 the tropic zone 热带 the frigid zone 寒带frdd temperate climate 温带气候gentle 指温柔、亲切、优雅。常含有节制和意味。 极冷的；冷淡的 八级moderate 中性词，指温和稳健，有节制，不走极端。tender 和gentle意思很接近。指人的感情细腻、温情慈爱和有同情心，侧重心理素质。也可指物的柔嫩等。mild 用于人时，指天性温顺，脾气好，不放肆粗野；用于物时，主要指适度，程度上相当缓和给人以愉快感觉。soft 侧重柔软或安稳、光滑，使人不感到粗糙或严酷。Assiduously sdusli adj. 刻苦的 （以及勤勉的，勤奋的） diligentlyassiduous 刻苦的，勤勉的 assiduity sdjuti 勤勉；刻苦；殷勤-If you study English assiduously, nothing is difficult.Industriousness n.勤奋industrious ndstrs a勤奋的，勤勉的，勤劳的 hardworking 普通用词laborious lbrs a 费时费力的，劳神的，strenuous strenjs a. 费力的，艰苦的。须全力以付的，比arduous强烈的多，同时表示奋发的diligent adj. 勤奋，刻苦的，认真的 名词 diligence 勤奋 六级 a diligent worker a diligent studentSelf-discipline n. 自我约束 （自律）Discipline n. 学科（(尤指大学里的) 学科 正式）；纪律；训练；惩罚 vt. 训练，训导；惩戒Principle n. 原则，(理论或科学) 原理，道义 in principle 原则上；在理论上 on principle依据原则Theoretical a 理论的，理论上的law 指一直公认的。陈述各种现象的条理或关系的公理或定理等。principle 普通用词，含义广。指作判断的基础或行动的普通准则；也指自然科学的规律。theorem rm多指经过推理或演算能得到证明的原理、定理或定律。 定理 八级fundamental 通常指原理、原则。Frame frem n. 躯体 = body n. 框架，身材，体型1、框架 The frame of a picture or mirror is the wood, metal, or plastic that is fitted around it, especially when it is displayed or hung on a wall. 框架2、The frame of an object such as a building, or window is the arrangement of wooden, metal, or plastic bars between which other material is fitted, and which give the object its strength and shape. 构架（混凝土的钢筋）3、眼镜框 4、vt给 (图画或照片) 配框 us passive 5、vt环绕 us passive 6、vt诬陷，构陷非正式7、You can refer to someones body as their frame, especially when you are describing the general shape of their body. 身躯a window frame窗框 a picture frame像架 the frames of glasses镜框a slender frame修长的身材 a man of a massive frame一个大块头的男子the frame of society社会结构build n. 体格 Someones build is the shape that their bones and muscles give to their body. 体格a solid build结实的体型 a slender build身材修长的体型Betray 暴露，显露 If you betray a feeling or quality, you show it without intending to. (无意中) 流露vt. 暴露,显露 -Her face betrayed her nervousness. 你的眼神出卖了你，你身上有他的香水味vt. 辜负；出卖,背叛 -I dont know who betrayed me.betray friends betray ones motherlandbetray the news betray a secret betray ones identityHer eyes betrayed her sadness. His face betrayed his excitement. Her red face betrayed her nervousness.Troop v. 成群结队的走动 (to move together in a group)troop into somewhere troop out of somewhere troop out of classroomeg. The film was over and people trooped home.n. 一大群的东西，(一) 群 a troop ofa troop of ants a troop of snails eg. A troop of shoppers descended on the store before Christmas.N-PLURAL soldiers, especially when they are in a large organized group doing a particular task.士兵，部队army 军队，着重指军队这个整体，包括陆海空三军。当与navy和air force并列使用时，则指陆军。如：We will have not only a powerful army but also a powerful air force and a powerful navy. force 军队，部队，着重指武力，常用复数。如：Forces were sent out to stop the conflict. troop 部队，着重指构成军队的士兵成员，常用复数。如：They sent the troops to the front. Unsettle v. 使不安 (v使人不安，紧张to cause sb to feel upset and nervous)eg. His sneer unsettled me. sn(r) 嘲笑，冷笑unsettling adj.令人不安的unsettling newsUnsettled adj.变化不定的，不稳定的，未解决的the unsettled times during a war unsettled life 动荡不安的生活 unsettled debts 尚未还清的债务settle 1、vt解决 (纠纷、问题等) 2、vt&vi结算; 算清 3、确定 usu passive =fix4、定居于; 使定居; 定居 5、安顿; 安坐 6、使沉降; 沉降Taunt tnt vt./ n. 嘲笑,奚落人的话(try to make sb angry or upset by saying unkind remarks) 八级Vt&n、嘲笑; 羞辱 they say unkind or insulting things to you, especially about your weaknesses or failuresTaunt sb. with sth. 因为什么原因而讥笑某人-They taunted him with being poor / poverty, so he felt angry.Make fun of / laugh at -He is wearing a strange hat ,so we make fun of him.Jeer d(r) vi. Jeer at 讥笑，嘲笑 -We know he is eccentric, but anyway dont jeer at him.同义词1. Mock mk vt./vi. 嘲笑（挖苦的，带挑衅性的嘲笑）; (为了取笑) 模仿 adj假装的 ADJ nMock at 嘲笑 -Mocked (at) by others ,he had my sympathy.2. Gibe / jibe dab n&vi. 嘲弄,挖苦；嘲讽 书面 (that is intended to make the person look silly)Gibe at sb. / sth. -I gibed at him ,in my opinion ,he was dull. Gibe / jibe dab n&vi. 嘲弄,挖苦；嘲讽 书面Gibe at sb. / sth Good-humouredly d hjumrdli adv. 和气地，心情好的 （脾气很好地；心情愉快地）Good-humoured 脾气好的; (气氛)愉快的 A good-humoured person or atmosphere is pleasant and cheerful.good-humored 美式 adj.好脾气的naturally cheerful and friendlygood-tempered adj. cheerful and not easily getting angryeven-tempered adj.平和的Wane wen vi. 逐渐变小,变弱(becoming less or weaker，to become gradually less strong or less important)vi. 衰落；变小；亏缺；退潮；消逝 n. 衰退；月亏；衰退期；缺损-He exerts suttle influence on his children ,but his children are growing up ,so his influence is waning.-The moon will wax, the moon will wane.月有阴晴圆缺.Wax n. 蜡；蜡状物vt. 给上蜡vi. 月亮渐满；增大adj. 蜡制的；似蜡的power waning权力地削弱 influence waning影响力地减退 enthusiasm waning热情消退courage waning勇气渐渐地消失 strength waning渐渐觉得身上没有力气了 fame waning名声渐渐地消退同义词1. Diminish dmn 侧重大小数量和重要性的不断减小，强调减小的部分。vt.减少,缩小(Make smaller in size / amount / number and so on)-The second world war diminished the countrys wealth.vi.渐渐衰退,渐渐减小=wane-Time will never cause our friendship to diminish / wane.2. Reduce vt.(数量尺寸等程序) 普通用词，含义广。指数量、程度的降低或减少。-If you reduce the price to 10 dollars, I will take it.Reduce to / reduce by -The shop assistant reduced the price by 10 dollars.3. Lessen lesn vt. 普通用词，与decrease近义。指数目、程度、价值、实力等的减少。Lesson同音-I agree to your idea that you can climb the tree, but anyway, please lessen the risk of being hurt / injured.4. decrease指逐渐地、不断地减少。(使数量,程度)减小,降低 反义词： Increase-Our interest in English is increasing. -Our interest in clothes is not decreasing.5. fade away (to gradually disappear) fade vi. 褪色；凋谢；逐渐消失，消退 vt. 使褪色beauty fades away青春已逝 hope fades away希望逐渐破灭faint adj. 模糊的；头晕的；虚弱的；医 衰弱的vi. 昏倒；变得微弱；变得没气力Diminish dmn 侧重大小数量和重要性的不断减小，强调减小的部分。1、vt.减少,缩小(Make smaller in size / amount / importance/ intensity and so on)-The second world war diminished the countrys wealth.2、vi.渐渐衰退,渐渐减小=wane-Time will never cause our friendship to diminish / wane.3、贬低 vt If you diminish someone or something, you talk about them or treat them in a way that makes them appear less important than they really are. 贬低Hypnotize hpntaz vt.使朦胧，使欲睡 （本意：vt 给施催眠术 引申出：使着迷 usu passive）vt. 使着迷；对施催眠术；使恍惚 vi. 施催眠术；使进入睡觉状态be hypnotized by 使着迷，被迷住，着迷于lull ll v. 催人欲睡The mother lulled her baby to sleep. - lull sb to sleep.lullaby llba n.摇篮曲 催眠曲hypnosis hpnss 催眠；催眠状态hypnotic hpntk 安眠药；催眠状态的人 adj. 催眠的，催眠术的；易于催眠的Undoing n.毁灭的原因n. 祸根，破灭的原因；毁灭 sth to cause ones failuregambling/excessive drinking proved ones undoingeg. His stubbornness proved his undoing 证明是，系动词 to be可以省略eg. His strong sense of inferiority was his undoing.eg. Not resisting the temptation of delicious food proved my undoing to my losing weight.Screen n.电视机的屏幕n. 屏，幕；屏风 vt. 筛；拍摄；放映；掩蔽 vi. 拍电影 作为“筛选”时：1、（(为确定是否患有某病而) 做检查 孕检：唐筛）2、审查 (申请加入者) 3、(为确保没有携带武器等而) 检查 (人、行李)Text 课文The New Year is a time for resolutions.it is time for stheg. It is time for school eg. It is time for bed. eg. It is time for dinner.it is time to do stheg. I felt it was time for a change of my life.Its about time 该是的时候eg. Its about time I made an end of my floating life.it is high time 现在必须是的时候了 虚拟语气eg. It is high time I took future seriously.Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of dos and donts.Mentally : at heart -We become illogical when we decide what can be eaten and what can not be eaten.dos and donts 要做的事和不要做的事 圣经，道德经及各类书籍The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity.Favorites : resolutionRecur : happen / take placeYear in year out : one year after another / year by year / year after year after强调重复，by可以强调变化day in day out : one day after another / day by day / day after daymonotonous mnt()ns adj. 枯燥的，乏味的 （adj.乏味，单调的，千篇一律boring because there is no variety）lead a monotonous lifemono-one, single 单一 mnmonoplane n.单翼飞机 monopolist n.专利者，垄断者 monopoly mnpli n. 垄断；垄断者；专卖权 n.专卖，专利权 have/hold a monopoly on stheg. The government holds a monopoly on the postal services. I hate the monotonous rhythm of travelling by train.同义词：tedious 乏味的，重点突出long and uninteresting.（boring and frustrating.）dull = interesting I cant get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl. Look at that dull person.tiresome = tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦He is tried of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten years.Long lasting meeting are tiring.I am tired of doing so. - be tired ofI am bored with doing so. - be bored with We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we dont like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day.resolve to 下定决心a thousand and one：许多的，大量的a thousand and one jobs a hundred and one thanks a hundred and one apologiesa hundred and one excuses a hundred and one timesPast experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.-It is hard for us to attain some certain attainment.beyond attainment 无法实现If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure.remain=continue to beInveterate : deep rootedSo often，上节课出现了so修饰动词，这里是so often修饰动词Frustration : disappointment in ones mind or the feeling that you get from you failure 挫折，挫败，失望，失利Result from 由产生的 注意主语和宾语的关系Result in : lead to / cause breed = cause/lead to/result in/give rise to（cause, bring about, lead to 酿成，滋生，造成）exert施加，也可以表示 造成，newpapers exert such influence on people-Failure will result in frustration. Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.fail in not to do what is expected, needed, or wanted 在某方面失败（在这件事中），没做，没能做Fail in our efforts / attempt fail in ones duty没有履行职责 fail in ones responsibility没有履行自己的责任 fail in ones exam考试失败eg. He failed in everything he tried. 他想的一切办法都没有成功。Effort后的介词at：在某方面（一个具体点），effort to do表示目的，另短语，make the effort to do 尽力Carry out : 进行，开展，执行（计划、命令），动手术，做实验 =put into practisecarry on: 继续；开展，参与If you carry on an activity, you do it or take part in it for a period of time.perform an operation on; Operate on动手术We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways.Error : mistake -Even beans have got their black.-If you often make some common mistake, you will get the frustration.slip back into our bad old ways =/get back to bad old habit =/relapse into ones bad old habitsslip back: 1、逆流；倒退 2、偷偷溜回slip：1、滑，滑动，滑走，滑落 2、溜走 3、把悄悄地放在，偷偷的给 4、vt&vi使下降; 下降（滑落）relapse rlps v. (病)复发，重新恶化；返回，退回原状，故态复萌relapses into a way of behaving that is undesirable,n. 旧病复发，恶化；故态复萌，回复原状eg. The man slipped back into drinking after he promised not to do so.eg. I slipped back into office unnoticed after I went out.Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.Aware：形容词做状语-We arrived at our destination exhausted. Exhausted, we arrived at our destination.Keep to oneself 把藏在心里，保守-Keep my resolution to myself : keep my resolution secretI limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercise every morning and to read more of an evening.Limit oneself to limit 限定到点或线 / restrict 限定到范围 这一个系列都可以用介词torestrict vt.限制=keep within a certain limit.（to limit or control）-The prisoners activity is restricted within narrow limits.辨析limit 表示时间,空间,数量等方面的限定,且限定到某一个点,如果超出这个点很可能受到罚。restrict只说明限制范围，从名词也能看出restriction 一般指法律法规、约定、合同、条件等所施加的限制-Land development must be limited.我们必须限制土地的开发。-He restricts himself to two cigarettes everyday.他每天限制自己抽两只烟。restrict sb to/ restrict sthrestrain v. 抑制,克制,限制(可指彻底阻止也可指将纳入控制/约束之中，强迫意味，可表示自我抑制)restrain sobs restrain tears restrain ones angereg. She was so excited t
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