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高二英语选修8 unit 1 A land of diversity导学案Period4 Grammar一The Noun Clauses (名词性从句)名词性从句在句子中起金词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)o名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)宾语从句(Object Clause) 表语从句(Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(AppositiveClause一.预习自测说出划线部分是什么从句Who will win the match is still unknown. ()I want to know what he has told you.()The fact is that we have lost the game. ()The news that we won the game is exciting. ()二.合作探究阅读主语从句部分并体会主语从句的用法：合作探究一：.主语从句：一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。常用引导词：连接词：that(无词义)whether (是否)That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we stay or not makes no difference.连接代词:who(ever) /whom/ what(ever)/ which(ever) / whoseWho will go to the energy conference is not important.连接副词：when / where/ how/ whyWhen and where the test will be given is not decided注意:1.引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。例如：That the earth is round istrue.2. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that.从句置于句末，例如:It is true that the earth is round.结构：a. It + be +形容词+ that从句It is necessary that.有必要.It is important that重要的是.It is obvious that很明显b. It + be + pp.+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信 It is known to all that从所周知 It has beendecided that. .己决定c. It + be +名词 + that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that. 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that.事实是d. It +不及物动词+ that.分句It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起2. 表示“是否，噫义时，一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句，Whether she will come or not is still a question3. 有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句：e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not .It has not been decided yet when they will start.4. 从句做主语，谓语动词用单数。e.g. When we will start has not been decided yet.注意：以what开始的主语从句如果后面的表语是复数名词，系动词用复数形式。What he wants to buy are three books and two pens.四当堂检测：练一练！l.It is obvious to the studentsthey should get well prepared for their future.A. asB. which C. whether D. that2. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The one C. WhoeverD. Who3.1t is not immediately clearthe Hnancial crisis will soon be over.A. since B. what C.whenD. whetherleaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. WhoeverD. Whothe sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. Thatis a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It合作探究二宾语从句：一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句连接词：that(无词义)/ whether / ife.g. I dont know whether (if)ynu are willing to help me .连接代词：what(ever)/ who(ever)/ whose/ which(ever)等连接副词：when where how why 等特别提示1. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分。Im glad that you have passed the exam .2. 有些词或词组如 hate, love,enjoy,dislike, feel like, appreciate, take(认为),relyon, dont mind等，习惯上后面跟it做形式宾语，再接套语从句。I take it that you will agree with us.3. 在接复合宾语的句子中，为了保持句子平衡，用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在句尾。常带复合宾语的动词有:make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。I think it necessary that I take plenty of water every day.4. 某些动词后的食语从句常用虚拟语气，如insist, order, request, suggest等。I suggested that we (should) start before 5 o clock.5. 必须用whether引导，不可用if:1) .从句后有 or not 时,不可用 if;I dont know whether he will come or not.2) .介词宾语通常用 whether 引导:It depends on whether he is coming or not.3) .后接动词不定式时。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?4) .discuss后面的宾语从句解释为是否用whetherImagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should do something atonce5.必须用whether引导，不可用if:1) .从句后有 or not 时,不可用 if:I doif t know whether he will come or not .2) .介词宾语通常用 whether 引导 It depends on whether he is coming or not.3) .后接动词不定式时。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?4) .discuss后面的宾语从句解释为是否用whetherImagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should do something atonce5）主语从句放在句首Whether we stay or not makes no difference.6）表语从句和同位语从句The question is whether we can get there on time .7）当it做形式主语whether / if都可引导主语从句It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.6. 用 who, whom, which（ever）, whose,when,what（ever）, where, why, how, whoever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序（特殊疑问词+主语+谓语，be也是动词）Do you know how old he is? I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。7. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don5t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。如果主句主语为第一人称反意疑问句常与从句的主语和谓语保持一致；其他情况看主句。例如：I dont believe she has been to Australia, has she?我认为她没去澳大利亚，是吗？I dont believe that he can translate this book, ?She thinks that her husband is the best one in theteam, ?doubt问题1.1 doubt if / whether he will pass the exam.肯定句中用 if / whether2.1 dont doubt that we will win the match.否定句中用 that3. Do you doubt that he did it on his own? 一般疑问句中用 that1.1 doubthe is telling the truth.2. We never doubtthe plan will be carried out .3. Does he doubt you are from Austria?4.Im doubtfulhe will agree to this.合作探究三：宾语从句宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：(1) 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；(2) 当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。(3)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.四.当堂检测:1. He askedfor a violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. howmuch I paid2. It is generally considered unwise to give a childhe or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to doit takes to save herlife.A .whichever B. however C .whatever D. whoever4. The true value of life is not in, butA. which we get; what give weB. what we get; what we giveC. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know.A. how she is getting alongB. how is she getting alongC. what she is getting alongD. what is she getting along6. I dont doubt hell come. A. that B. if C. what D.whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.连接代词：A. if B. where C. whether D. that合作探究三:表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.连接词：that/whether/as if/as though/becausewho/whom/what/which/whose连接副词：when/where/how/whyThe problem is that I am short of money. The question is how we can eet there .It looks as if it is coine to rain.特别提醒1. 主句的主语是ad vice,suggestion,order, request等名词时，表语从句的谓语要虚拟。His suggestion is that we (should) go now.2. 主句的主语是reason时，表语从句常用that；若表原因用because,表结果用why.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.He forgot it. That was why he didnt call me.He didn*t call me. That was because he forgot it.what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别：what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语，宾语，表语等.that在句子中只起连接作用，没有意义.(1) Whvt you said yesterday is right.(2) That the earth coes aroand the sun is well-known to everybody.四. 当堂检测：l. What the doctors really doubt ismy mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why2.1 drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is thatyou had a few days off ?A. why B. what C. when D. where3. she couldnt understand wasfewer and fewer students showedinterest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that4. The true value of life is not in, but.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we giveC. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to knowA. how she is getting along B. how is she getting alongC. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along6.1 dont doubthell come.A that B. if C what D. whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A. if B. where C. whether D. that1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class?2. I donft know where has he cone.3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter wes.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？( )五. 总结提升：典型错误及归纳找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not.规律三：4种情况只能用whether : (1)位于句子开头；(2)前面有介词；3)引导表语从句；(4)与or not连用。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.1 think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such ashort time.4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？Homework:Exxl ,2,3 on p.5 and Exxl,2 on p.49.
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