2015届高中英语外研版(通用)【配套WORD】语法专题二动词和动词短语

文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！ 专题二动词和动词短语动词的辨析动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指：1词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat等。2意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow，lend; speak，say，talk; hope，wish等。3动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise，advice; cost，worth; pass，past 等。4意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain，say; discover，invent; uncover，find等。5某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear等。6某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in，give up; turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up等。题组训练1选词填空1William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.2If you dont like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.3Mary，I reminded John of his promise to help you.4Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also limit our thinking.5The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but well never negotiate with criminals.”6Clinical evidence began to accumulate，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.7Are you still mad at her?Not really，but I cant deny that her remarks hurt me.8Id prefer to reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.9You are old enough to earn your own living.10I opened a bank account after I made1,000 by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation.动词短语的考查要点动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：1根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(1)动词副词(不及物)Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left.(2)动词副词(及物)Please turn every light in the house off.注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。She turned off all the lights which had been left on.如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.(3)动词介词(及物)You should learn to care about others.注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。(4)动词副词介词I look forward to seeing you soon.注意：“动词介词”、“动词名词副词”、“动词副词介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)2熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。hear from收到的来信hear of听说look after照料look at看look for寻找(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。ring back回电话ring off挂断电话ring up打电话 put away放好，收起put on穿上；上演put up挂起；举起(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。look for寻找ask for请求wait for等候send for派人去叫(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。break out发生；爆发carry out进行；开展 go out熄灭 hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完 set out出发 take out取出 work out算出break down坏了 come down落下来 get down下车 take down取下 write down写下题组训练2选词填空take on，bring up，turn down，go over，come across，put up，care about，look up，put up with，speed up，bring down，work out1I can put_up_with the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.2The government has taken measures to bring_down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.3They are broadening the bridge to speed_up the flow of traffic.4You cant predict everything. Often things dont work_out as you expect.5You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned_down again.6If you care_about faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.7He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting_up at a hotel for the night.8Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought_up to value the sense of sharing.9To get a better grade，you should go_over the notes again before the test.10I often look_up the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.11She came_across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.12Some insects take_on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.易错易混点1lay(放)，lie(躺)与lie(说谎)，这三个易混动词构成见下表：原形过去式过去分词lay放，搁；下蛋，产卵laidlaidlie躺；位于laylainlie说谎liedlied2.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。4sit与seat：seat为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一个动作；seat表示“就座”时要用be seated 或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或I seated myself in the armchair.5win与beat：win作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如：I have won him.即“我已说服他了，我赢得了他的好感。”而beat是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。6lost，gone与missing：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了”，可以用lost，gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed，而要用missing。语法与写作根据提示翻译下面的句子1必须指出我愿意在这个假期里去旅游。(point out)(2013山东写作)It_must_be_pointed_out_that_I_would_love_to_go_travelling_during_this_holiday.2踢足球和看电视占据了我很多的业余时间。(take up)(2013四川书面表达)Playing_football_and_watching_TV_take_up_much_of_my_spare_time.3我必须使自己适应美国的生活方式，帮助他们了解中国文化的最优秀部分。(adapt to)(2013浙江书面表达)I_had_to_adapt_myself_to_their_American_lifestyle_and_help_them_understand_the_best_part_of_Chinese_culture.4前面将会有很多挑战，但我有信心我会挑起这个担子。(take on)(2013天津书面表达)There_will_be_many_challenges_ahead，but_I_have_confidence_that_Ill_take_on_the_burden.5在中国，这些中国结(Chinese knot)代表友谊、爱和好运。(stand for)(2013新课标全国书面表达)In_China，these_Chinese_knots_stand_for_friendship，love_and_good_luck.语法填空AHave you ever thought why there are very few great people？Here is the reason：Most people do not pay the price of greatness.I think this is quite obvious.Now，the next question is：why not？If there are so many people who want to be great，why only very few of them actually pay the price？The answer to these questions 1.explains (explain) the difference between the almost 100% people who want to be great and the much less than 0.01% who actually be so.The reason 2.why very few people actually pay the price is 3.this：The road to greatness is continuously painful for a long time.Greatness requires sacrifices and there is no sacrifice 4.without pain.This kind of sacrifices 5.required (require) for greatness is the ones that make the process continuously painful for a long time.If you want to be great it will be painful every now and then，and many people can still handle 6.it.Being great is 7.a totally different level.The pain is deep and continuous，which very few people can endure.Most people 8.naturally (nature) choose things that bring pleasure to them.Its unnatural to choose pain over pleasure，let alone 9.enduring (endure) pain continuously for a long time.Therefore，I believe，the secret 10.to greatness is choosing pain over pleasure continuously for a long time.BWhat 1.an embarrassment！Our English teacher in the US was in the middle of telling us about the Native Americans，2.when my iPod suddenly started playing music!Luckily，it was in my pocket.I quickly pressed my pocket，hoping the sound would die out.But it simply went on and on!Our teacher said：“The Native Americans liked to listen to what went on around them.” Then she stopped to let us experience 3.what it was like to listen 4.as the Native Americans did.The classroom became quiet immediately.The whole class heard the music and burst into 5.laughter (laugh)“Well，that was loud！”the teacher said with a 6.meaningful (meaning) smile.Then she went on teaching as if nothing 7.had_happened (happen)The teacher had forgiven me in spite of the rules，I thought.Then I realized that this was probably the first time something like this had happened in the classroom and so there was no punishment 8.for my deeds.In China it might have been different.We always think we should severely punish people who do something wrong so that they never do it again.This experience taught me that the most important thing when 9.it comes to punishment is for the violators themselves 10.to_realize (realize) they have done something wrong so they know not to do it again in the future.5 / 5