资源描述
写作进阶提升之二写作进阶提升之二书面表达训练三步法 写作进阶提升写作进阶提升英语作文训练的三大步第一步第一步, , 文从字顺的初级阶段文从字顺的初级阶段第二步第二步, , 多悟思变的过渡阶段多悟思变的过渡阶段第三步第三步, , 文质兼美的高级阶段文质兼美的高级阶段第一步：文从字顺的初级阶段第一步：文从字顺的初级阶段 语言错误多，汉语式的句子多语言错误多，汉语式的句子多多数考生写的作文要点很全面，但是由于英语语言基础知识不多数考生写的作文要点很全面，但是由于英语语言基础知识不扎实，语言不规范，也往往失分严重。最突出的语言错误有以扎实，语言不规范，也往往失分严重。最突出的语言错误有以下几种：下几种：（1）主谓不一致主谓不一致。 Father and I am going to visit her. My uncle often go to the cinema himself. （2）时态、语态混用时态、语态混用。 The meal is so nice that we all enjoyed it very much. The old man knocked down by the car and injured badly. （3）句子成分残缺句子成分残缺。 But the car which painted red didnt stop. The young man running in the street fast. He wouldnt able to work out the problem. We all against all forms of terrorist activities.（4）习惯搭配乱用习惯搭配乱用。 I very like the novel. Then we set off digging, planting and watering. （5）汉式英语汉式英语。 a) The car is yellow colour. b)He cost five yuan to buy a new dictionary. c)Recently our village has taken place great changes. d)The factory broke out a big fire last Sunday. e)Chinese population is many.（6）名词单、复数不分名词单、复数不分。 He will give us a talk on American film. He is one of the best player in our school. （7）赘词现象严重赘词现象严重。 At last, the lost boy returned back. On one day, he went to the cinema. （8）用词不当用词不当。 I hope you to help the girl with her homework. （9）拼写和词形变化错误拼写和词形变化错误。 The car hitted the old man and drived away. On his way to school, he sew a little girl. （10）前后人称不一致前后人称不一致。 Swimming and football are his favourite sports, he likes it all his life. The little girl usually goes to school at 7 in the morning, but today he was late for school. （11）结构错误结构错误: a)Having heard the news, her heart beat faster and faster. b) He wrote about 300 stories, some of them had been translated into Chinese. c)We should teach children dont play and ride bikes on the road. d)There were hundreds of students couldnt go to school because they were poor. (12)词义不清楚词义不清楚: a)He managed to swim across the river, but failed. b)Ive delayed to return you the book English Usage,which you borrowed me two days before. c)I was very difficult to refuse and had to receive her invitation. 句子表达多样性的途径句子表达多样性的途径 高考英语书面表达新的评分标准要求考生使用高考英语书面表达新的评分标准要求考生使用高级词汇高级词汇、复杂句式复杂句式、过渡性词语过渡性词语和和不同的表达方式不同的表达方式，从而增加文，从而增加文章的可读性和表现力。章的可读性和表现力。1)改变句子的语序，通过改变句子的语序，通过倒装某成分倒装某成分、倒装句倒装句、强调句强调句、感感叹句叹句等手段实现句子形式的多样化，使句子跌宕起伏，等手段实现句子形式的多样化，使句子跌宕起伏，文章生动活泼。文章生动活泼。a.He got up very early to catch the bus. To catch the bus， he got up very early. b.The girl, hungry and thirsty, went back home. The girl went back home,hungry and thirsty. c.Tom knew his mistakes only then. Only then did Tom know his mistakes.第二步：多悟思变的过渡阶段第二步：多悟思变的过渡阶段 d.The news that our football team had won came soon. The news came soon that our football team had won. e.It began to rain just at ten oclock. It was at ten oclock that it began to rain.2)用复合句（用复合句（定从定从、状从状从、名词性从句名词性从句、并列句等并列句等）来代替简单句，使语言由松散变凝练，增强句子的连贯来代替简单句，使语言由松散变凝练，增强句子的连贯性和句意的表现力，使行文更富文采。性和句意的表现力，使行文更富文采。a）I was walking along Park Road towards the east. At that time, an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. I heard that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games .I was excited. I was excited to hear that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games b ) The flat is in a building on Fangcao street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. The flat,which is in a building on Fangcao street., is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. c ) This is the place. I worked with the farmers in the past. This is the place where I worked with the farmers in the past. d) Mary stood in front of the window. From that place she could see her classmates playing football. Mary stood in front of the window from where she could see her classmates playing football. 3) 同位语从句同位语从句与写作1.I believe you have hardly any idea how anxious Ive been for your safety.2.I had little idea at that time whether they were willing to give me a hand.3.I have hardly any doubt that she can do as well as I can.4. I have no impression what he had done before.5. In my opinion, there seems to be a fear in him that he would be taken in by us.6. There seems to be no possibility that high oil prices will have a profound impact on the world economy.7. The problem must be paid attention to that more and more school children are addicted to Internet games.8. Your suggestion made last week that we workers should get a pay rise has now been adopted.9. Word came that our team had won the game.10.My students hold the point that what a book says is right.11.Dad made a promise last night that if I passed the exam, he would buy me a present.12.It is an interesting fact that when men try to do the same things as nature does, they usually have to do them in a different way. 4) 多使用多使用短语结构短语结构来简化从句或合并短句：常见的短语结构有来简化从句或合并短句：常见的短语结构有分词短语分词短语、介词短语介词短语、名词短语名词短语、同位语结构同位语结构和和独立主格结构独立主格结构。It was fine. We went out.It being fine, we went out.When you are crossing the street, you must be very careful. When crossing the street, you must be very careful.If the trees were given more water, they would have grown better. Given more water, they would have grown better. The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news. Hearing the bad news，the young man couldnt help crying. Its a small flat. Its 25 square meters. It has a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen . Its a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen . 精确词汇及高级词汇精确词汇及高级词汇： 第三步：文质兼美的高级阶段第三步：文质兼美的高级阶段怎样使用较高级的词汇和 “固式结构”: 1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.he weather being good,our journey was comfortable.2.We all think he is a great man.We all consider him to be a great man.3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. Suddenly a good idea occurred to me.使用排比使用排比 Whether your tastes are modern on traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.长短句交替使用长短句交替使用，体现表达节奏美，体现表达节奏美 长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的。长句和短句各有其优点长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的。长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句，因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了和缺点。长句，因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句，由概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句，由于字数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的于字数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在具体语言活动中，最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上语义内容。在具体语言活动中，最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上的要求，也是意义上的需要。例如：的要求，也是意义上的需要。例如： We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.There are many trees along the streets.There is a clean river in the city. There are many fishes in the river.There are willow trees on the one side.There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.There are many flowers on them. 文中七个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短同一，都在七八词文中七个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短同一，都在七八词左右，十分单调。下面是修改后的段落：左右，十分单调。下面是修改后的段落： Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener.Green trees line the streets.A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes around. On the one side stand rows of willow trees.On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers. 改写后的这段文字，有长句，也有短句，一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出改写后的这段文字，有长句，也有短句，一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。不仅使句子长短交插，而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然，生来了。不仅使句子长短交插，而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。动活泼。 为了丰富外国留学生的生活，你校学生会将举办一为了丰富外国留学生的生活，你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。次音乐周活动。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。有关内容如下：有关内容如下：时间：时间：5月第一周月第一周活动：（活动：（1）演唱歌曲：流行歌曲）演唱歌曲：流行歌曲 (2 ) 器乐演奏：古典和民间音乐器乐演奏：古典和民间音乐 （3）音乐比赛：听歌曲片段，然后猜出处）音乐比赛：听歌曲片段，然后猜出处地点：届时通知地点：届时通知参加者请于参加者请于4月月20日前报名。日前报名。注意：（注意：（1）书面通知应写成一篇连贯的短文；）书面通知应写成一篇连贯的短文； （2）可以适当增减细节；）可以适当增减细节； （3）词数）词数100左右；左右； （4）通知格式已为你写好。）通知格式已为你写好。 参考词汇：古典参考词汇：古典classical 民间民间folk 比赛比赛contest 乐器乐器musical -instruments NOTICE The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. The aim of the activities is to enrich the lives of foreign students. It will be held in the first week of May. The activities include singing pop songs and playing classical and folk music. Bring your own musical instruments, please. A music contest will be included, too. The students taking part in the contest will listen to a part of a song or a piece of music, and then guess where it comes from. If youd like to take part in the music week, please come and sign up for it before April 20th. The place for the activities will be announced later. Come to the great fun! Students Union 过渡词的应用过渡词的应用: 有的学生在作文中使用过多的简单句 ，成了简单句的堆砌，句子之间内在的逻辑关系逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。有的写复杂句时，动辄用so, and, then, but, or, however, yet等，这非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。如果合理使用过渡词，将单句前后合并，形成主次关系主次关系，就能把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、意义连贯、结构严谨。使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如：容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如： Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact.这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。It is a widely accepted fact _that_ there is a major concern around the world where_ the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, _which_ it is considered to be true.启、承、转、合的过渡词语：启、承、转、合的过渡词语： (1) 用于“启” 的过渡词语（常用在段落或文章的开头）first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,It is often said thatAs the proverb saysIt goes without saying thatIt is clear/obvious thatMany people often ask启、承、转、合的过渡词语：启、承、转、合的过渡词语：(2) 用于用于“承承” 的过渡词语（通常用在段落中的第一个扩的过渡词语（通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中）展句中）second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt,It is true thatEverybody knows thatIt, can be easily proved thatNo one can deny thatThe reason whyis thatThere is no doubt thatTo takefor an example(instance)What is more serious is that 启、承、转、合的过渡词语：启、承、转、合的过渡词语：(3) 用于用于“转转” 的过渡词语（通常用在段落中的第二个的过渡词语（通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中）扩展句中）but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate,nevertheless, otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of, yet, instead,I do not believe thatPerhaps youll ask whyThis may be true， but we still have a problem with regard toThough we are in basic agreement with, yet differences will be found.Thats why I feel that 启、承、转、合的过渡词语：启、承、转、合的过渡词语：(4) 用于用于“合合” 的过渡词语（通常用在段落的结论句或的过渡词语（通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中）文章的结论段中）in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, there fore, as a result, above all, thus, after all, eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum, on the whole, to sum upFrom this point of viewOn account of this we can find thatThe result is dependent onThus, this is the reason why we must Exerxise:运用适当的过渡词运用适当的过渡词（1）湖北卷）湖北卷 Im very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. Ive been thinking about the question you asked me. _, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad. _, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. _, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you. _, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. _, I think its a god idea for you to return. _ what are you waiting for?(2) 福建卷福建卷My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations _ that some students cheat in examinations at school. As students, we often take examinations at school, _ sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. _, some of us are lazy and dont work hard at our lessons. _ when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. _, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard_ cheating in examinations. _, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
展开阅读全文