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第33讲动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语之间的关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。若主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的承受者为被动语态。【注意】动词中只有及物动词有被动语态。中考关于动词语态的考点有：1动词的被动语态的基本结构；2不同时态的被动语态的正确运用；3含情态动词的被动语态的正确运用。高频考向一常见时态的被动语态一般现在时：am/is/aredone。如：It is made in China 它是中国制造的。一般过去时：was/weredone。如：The bridge was built in 1980.这座桥建于1980年。一般将来时：willbedone。如：She will be trained by her father.她将受训于她爸爸。情态动词：情态动词bedone。如：Work must be done in two days.工作必须在两天之内完成。现在完成时：have/hasbeendone。如：The room has been cleaned.房间已经被打扫干净了。高频考向二语态用法的难点某些动词形式是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。如：This dictionary sells well.这种字典很畅销。The woolen sweater costs $88.这件羊毛衫卖88美元。The car needs repairing.The car needs to be repaired.那辆车需要修理。The soup tastes delicious.这汤尝起来味道很好。主动语态中有些动词，如make，see，listen，watch，feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态要带上to。如：He made the boy work for him.The boy was made to work for him.这男孩被迫为他工作。动词短语变成被动短语时，动词短语后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：The baby was looked after by her sister.这婴儿由她姐姐照顾。His plan was laughed at by everyone.他的计划遭到每个人的嘲笑。形容词cheap，comfortable，dangerous，important，interesting，nice等接不定式作状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如：A bicycle is cheap to run.使用自行车是很经济的。This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。形容词worth后接动词ing形式时，用主动形式表被动意义。如：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。(原创题)1Dont smoke here, Dad. Smoking _(allow) in public places.2Some students in this school _(send) abroad as exchange students every year.3Pukou Railway Station _(build) in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years.4Mike, I looked for you everywhere last night.Oh, I _(ask) to the party.isnt allowedare sentwas builtwas asked5Are you going to Sams birthday party the day after tomorrow?Im not sure. I will go with you if I _(invite)6Many houses _(damage) by the earthquake and thousands of people were left, homeless.7How clean your car is!Thank you. It _(wash) very often.8Teenagers should _(educate) to take care of themselves from a young age.9Chengdu is a greener city now because more and more trees _ (plant) every spring.10A new school _(set) up last year in my home town.am invitedwere damagedis washedbe educatedare plantedwas set
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