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情情态态动动词词有情有情有义有义你叫什么名字？你叫什么名字？你电话多少？你电话多少？情态动词的本质情态动词的本质=-=-表示情感或者态度的表示情感或者态度的助助动词动词couldcanwouldmaywillshouldought tomustshallmight一.分类一心两用一心两用needdare拖儿带女拖儿带女will (would)can (could) shall(should)may (might) 独门独户mustought to*两个基本点 肯定及否定形式 提问及回答背景知识第一组will (would)can (could) shall(should)may (might) 第二组mustought to 第三组needdare第一组will (would)can (could) shall(should)may (might) 第二组mustought to第三组needdare半助动词半助动词正常提问与回答正常提问与回答半情态V：Do/Does/DidDo/Does/Did（+not /n t+not /n t） + +主语主语+need/dare+need/dare+其他其他? ? Yes, Yes,主语主语+do/does/did. +do/does/did. No, No,主语主语+don+dont/doesnt/didnt.t/doesnt/didnt.句子=主+ 谓+其他 情V(nt)提问：情提问：情V(ntV(nt)+)+句子句子？回答：回答： Yes,Yes,主语主语 + +情情v.v. No, No,主语主语 + +情情 v n v nt twill will (would)(would)can can (could) (could) shall(shshall(should)ould)may may (might(might) )mustmustought(noought(not) tot) toneedneeddaredare情态V一一) )、非推测性用法、非推测性用法- -考察词义辨析考察词义辨析1.1.词义及用法词义及用法; ; 2.2.同义区分同义区分; ;二二) )、推测性用法、推测性用法- -考察可能性的强弱考察可能性的强弱 1. 1.类型类型 2. 2.比较强弱比较强弱二二.用法用法拖儿带女型拖儿带女型will (would)will (would)将；愿意；邀请（用于疑问）将；愿意；邀请（用于疑问）can (could)can (could)能，能，可以可以ShallShall将会将会; ;必须必须; ;应该应该( (用于第一人称，征求意用于第一人称，征求意见见) )(should)(should)将会将会; ;必须必须; ;应该应该; ; ( (间接引语，征求意间接引语，征求意见见) )，竟然竟然may may 可以可以; ;祝愿祝愿 (might)(might)可以可以1. 词词义及用义及用法：法：独门独户型独门独户型mustmust必须必须ought to ought to 本该本该一心两用型一心两用型deeddeed需要需要daredare敢敢区分区分1 1基本用法：基本用法：couldcould，wouldwould，mightmight，shouldshould是四个独是四个独立的情态动词，立的情态动词，只有在直接引语变成间接引语时作为只有在直接引语变成间接引语时作为willwill，can , can , shall, mayshall, may的过去时代用一下的过去时代用一下Shall we begin now?He asked if we should begin now?2.2.同义区分同义区分区分区分2 2 ：社交口语中，同义情况下，社交口语中，同义情况下，would, could , should, mightwould, could , should, might比原型更委婉、礼貌。比原型更委婉、礼貌。你今晚来吗？你能帮我吗？ 你或许能帮我个忙吧?Would you come tonight？Could you help me?You might do me a favor? 一一般上指般上指“自己允许别人做某事自己允许别人做某事”（maymay较正式）较正式）cancan maymay 同义，语气较委婉同义，语气较委婉couldcouldMightMight区分区分3请求许可请求许可-Can/May/ Could/Might -Can/May/ Could/Might I use I use your dictionaryyour dictionary? ? -Yes, you Yes, you cancan. . ( (No, I am afraid not/Yes, please./ Thanks)No, I am afraid not/Yes, please./ Thanks)May 引导问句，肯定回答，Yes, of course./ Yes, certainly./Sure 否定回答：No, you mustnt（不准）. No, you neednt. No, you cant.Must 引导问句，（must与have to 意思大致相同）肯定回答:must 否定回答：Neednt/ Dont have to. 区分区分44建议请求建议请求 you open the window please? I you open the window please? I feel a bit hot here. feel a bit hot here. you like you like to see the film? to see the film? we see the film together? we see the film together? I sing a song for you ?I sing a song for you ?Will Will WoulWould dShaShallllCan/MayCan/May- Shall we talk?- Shall we talk? - - Shall he come to see you ? Shall he come to see you ? No, you_ .No, you_ . 否定回答否定回答May May - cant, mustnt- cant, mustntShallShall, must- neednt, , must- neednt, dont have dont have toto（没必要）（没必要）neednt注意添加否定词的含义注意添加否定词的含义补充（1 1）would likewould like意为意为“想要，愿意想要，愿意”，相当于，相当于wantwant，但比，但比wantwant语气委婉。语气委婉。 would like would like sthsth. . 想要某物想要某物 I would like some tea. I would like some tea. would like (would like (sbsb) to do ) to do sthsth. . 想要干某想要干某事事 I would like to go with you. I would like to go with you. (2) Would you like to do (2) Would you like to do sthsth? “? “你愿意干你愿意干某事吗？某事吗？” Yes, Id like/love to; Yes, Id like/love to; Sorry, I am afraid not.Sorry, I am afraid not.再说明原因。再说明原因。牢记搭配宁愿做宁愿做would rather dowould rather dowould prefer to do.would prefer to do.最好做最好做 had better do.had better do.实义V情态v必杀：接必杀：接to do动刀（主语为复数除外）和接动刀（主语为复数除外）和接do不动刀不动刀 neednt /darent / needs/dares /needed/dared to do does/dont /didnt need/dare /needs/dares /needed/dared do二）、二）、推测性用法推测性用法第一组第一组will (would)will (would)can can (could(could) ) shall(should)shall(should)may may (might)(might) 第二组第二组mustmustought toought to第三组第三组needneeddaredare注意：注意：Should/shouldnt Should/shouldnt 不用于推测不用于推测二）、二）、推测性用法推测性用法（否定（否定+not+not）can becan beCould beCould beMay do/May do/bebeMight do/Might do/bebeMust beMust becan have donecan have doneCould have doneCould have doneMay have doneMay have done/been /been Might have done/Might have done/beenbeenMust have doneMust have done对现在推测对过去推测推测推测过去某动作发生的可能过去某动作发生的可能性性，Must be Must be 肯定推测最强肯定推测最强can be can be 其次其次maymay次次之之couldcould更次之，更次之，mightmight最小最小推测性大小比较推测性大小比较( (注意：注意：musntmusnt= =“不准不准”不用于推测不用于推测) )cant be cant be 否定推测最强否定推测最强，12Is Mr. Smith in his office now? No, he _ there. I _him in the library a minute ago. （10深圳）深圳）A.may be, saw B. cant be, seeC. mustnt be, see D. cant be, saw13.Lets go to the zoo by taxi, _? Maybe we can go there _. Its not far. （10深圳）深圳）A. wont you, on footB. wont you, by foot C. shall we, by footD. shall we, on foot7.-_late for school again,Tim!-Sorry, I promise that I_.（09深圳）深圳）ADont，wont B.Dont be,wont C. Dont he,dont DDont, will25. -You _ sleep in class. -Sorry, Miss Wang. I_.（07深圳）深圳）A. mustnt, mustnt B. cant; neednt C. mustnt wont D. shouldnt, may not 30. May I take this magazine out of the reading room? Please read it here. （05深圳）深圳）A. Certainly B. No, you needntC. No. you cant D. No, you may not9.-Dadwhy should I stop _computer games?-For your health, my boy , Im afraid you_.（09深圳）深圳）Ato play ; must B. playing; have to Cto play ; can D. playing ; may 25-Can I go fishing witll youDad? -No，you_You_stay at home and do your homework first （08深圳）深圳） Awont，may Bcant，must Cshouldnt，ought Dneednt，shouldYou_ be tired after playing sports for a You_ be tired after playing sports for a long time without a rest.long time without a rest. （1010四川）四川） A. must B. need C. cant A. must B. need C. cant D. dearD. dearItsIts nearly seven nearly seven oclockoclock .Jack _ be back .Jack _ be back home at this moment. (09home at this moment. (09福建福建) ) A. must B. need C. could A. must B. need C. could D. can D. can
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