高考英语 典题精讲Unit 23　Conflict 北师大版

【英语】北师大版 典题精讲（Unit 23Conflict）典题精讲【例1】(浙江)My friend, who _ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.A. servedB. is servingC. had servedD. has served思路解析：本题考查动词时态的用法。句意为“我的朋友在国际奥委会工作了一辈子, 下个月要退休。”根据时间状语all his life且下个月才退休可知现在仍在职, 所以应用现在完成时态。答案：D黑色陷阱：此题有一处黑色陷阱。受“is retiring”的影响, 误认为前后一致而误选B项。绿色通道：解答此类题目的关键是掌握时间状语，从时间状语入手, 分析动作发生的时间, 判断选项。例如本题中, 根据next month可知还没有退休, 应从B、D项选择。从all his life看出用完成时态, 而不用进行时态。【例2】(江苏)Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.A. achievedB. has achievedC. will achieveD. had achieved思路解析：本题考查动词时态。句意为“尽管医学已经控制了个别危险的疾病, 但是, 我们担心的是, 其中一些又出现了”。此处强调的是目前医疗科学已经取得的成果, 所以用现在完成时态。答案：B黑色陷阱：此题有一处黑色陷阱。受“控制了”影响, 误认为动作已经发生用一般过去时态。绿色通道：解答此类题目的关键是掌握已经发生的动作所造成的影响。从谓语入手, 分析动作发生的时间而判断选项。例如本题中, 从worries 看出现在的心理状态, 从are returning看出新动作要发生, 推出已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响。【例3】(辽宁)It was after he got what he had desired he realized it was not so important.A. thatB. whenC. sinceD. as思路解析：考查强调句型的用法。句意为“在他得到渴望的东西之后, 他才认识到那个东西不是那么重要”。强调句型是“It is/was +强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”，本题强调的是时间状语after he got what he had desired。答案：A黑色陷阱：此题有三处黑色陷阱。一是受after he got的影响, 误认为用when引导状语从句, 误选B项;二是受It is.since的影响, 误选C项;三是受汉语“就像”的影响, 误认为as引导一个方式状语从句, 误选D项。绿色通道：解答此类题目的关键是掌握强调句的基本用法。判断it开头的句子是否是强调结构的关键是把It is/was.that.省略后, 整体意义不受影响, 则说明该句子就是强调句。反之, 不是强调句。下列以it开头的句型不是强调结构：1）It is.since.，在主句中, 时间段作表语, 其时态是现在时或完成时, since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时, 而且是瞬间动词。2）It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain.) that.， 该句型中it 是形式主语, 真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。3）It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural.) that., that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形), should 可以省略。4）It is said (reported, learned.) that.，该句型中的it 是形式主语, 真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道, 据悉)”。.【例4】(全国)It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before思路解析：考查强调句型。句意为“直到Jennifer到家, 她才意识到她已经丢了钥匙”。强调句型是“It is/was +被强调部分+ that+ 剩余部分”。答案：B黑色陷阱：此题有一处黑色陷阱。一是看到home, 误以为是where引导的点定语从句, 误选C项;二是误以为until和时间连词when连用而误选A项。绿色通道：题常常考查not until和强调句的连用。如果是强调结构, 把It is/was .that.去掉后, 剩余部分仍然能够讲得通。有时候, 强调句和定语从句在一起进行考查。如:It is in this village where I was brought up that great changes have taken place.就是在这个我被抚养大的村子里, 发生了很大的变化。【例5】 （经典回放）It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. this 思路解析：考查强调结构。句意为“是你所做的而不是你所说的起作用”。强调的是主语从句what you do rather than what you say。答案：A黑色陷阱：此题有一处黑色陷阱，受定语从句的影响而误选C项。绿色通道：解答此类题目的关键是掌握强调结构和定语从句的区别。从意义上看, 定语从句修饰某个名词或整个句子, 删除定语从句的连接词后, 整句的意思受到影响。例如本句去掉It is .that.后, 剩余的部分What you do rather than what you say matters. 仍然讲得通，故不是定语从句。【例6】(经典回放)It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply.A. sinceB. whenC. asD. that思路解析：考查强调结构的连接词的用法。句意为“直到近一个月以后, 我才收到经理的答复。”此题考查强调结构, 强调的是时间状语, 空白处应该填that, 构成强调句型。答案：D黑色陷阱：此题有两处黑色陷阱。受时间状语从句的影响, 很容易误认为填入when构成定语从句修饰a month later, 误选B项。忽视later, 误选A项。绿色通道：此题把强调结构It is/was .that.和not.until.结构结合起来考查。解答此类题目的关键是掌握not.until.的用法。not.until常常用于倒装句和强调句, 并且要用否定转移。例如此题可以改为下列几种说法:I didnt receive the managers reply until nearly a month later.Not until nearly a month later did I receive the managers reply.It was nearly a month later before I received the managers reply.【例7】(经典回放)It was _ back home after the experiment.A. not until midnight did he goB. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didnt go思路解析：考查强调结构和not until的用法。句意为“做完实验后, 他在半夜才回家”。强调时间状语not until midnight, 从句用陈述语气, 排除 B和D项。A项不是强调结构。答案：C黑色陷阱：此题有一处黑色陷阱，由于not until用法的误用而误选B项。绿色通道：解答此类题目的关键是掌握强调结构的基本用法。在强调结构中, is或was后面多是作状语的短语或句子, 都是明显被强调的成分。例如在本题中, not until midnight是被强调的时间状语。【例8】(经典回放)It was with great joyhe received the news that his lost daughter had been found.A. becauseB. whichC. sinceD. that思路解析：考查强调结构的用法。句意为“当他听到丢失的女儿找到时, 非常高兴”。这是一个强调结构, 被强调的部分是状语with great joy, 第一个that构成强调句型;第二个that引导同位语从句。答案：D黑色陷阱：此题有两处黑色陷阱。一是误认为此处要填because, 构成原因状语从句, 误选A项;二是受定语从句的影响, 误选B项。绿色通道：解答此类题目的关键是掌握强调结构及连接词that, which, when, where等或省略连接词的用法。【例9】(经典回放)Why!I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say?A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it thatD. How it is that思路解析：考查特殊疑问句的强调结构。句意为“我没有可承认的, 你到底要我说什么?”从问号看出B项和D项不是疑问句式, 故排除, say缺少宾语, 用what作宾语, 故选A项。答案：A黑色陷阱：此题有一处黑色陷阱。受汉语 “到底怎么说”的思维习惯的影响, 误选C项。绿色通道：解答此类题目的关键是掌握特殊疑问句和强调结构的基本用法。可以把特殊疑问句改为陈述句的形式, 按照陈述句的句型填空。例如:It is what that you want me to say. 很容易看出用what而不是用how作say 的宾语。【例10】(经典回放) I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to.A. who is itB. who it isC. it is whoD. it is whom思路解析：考查宾语从句和强调结构的用法。句意为“我一向诚实坦率, 这与和谁讲话没有关系”。and连接两个并列分句, 在第二个并列分句中, who引导主语从句（it 是形式主语), 主语从句是个强调句型。A项和D项的语序有误, 应当是whom it is。答案：B黑色陷阱：此题有一处黑色陷阱，受陈述语序的影响而误选C。绿色通道：解答此类题目的关键是掌握名词性从句和强调结构的基本用法。首先要分析句子成分, 判断含有强调结构的从句是什么样的从句。其次要判断强调什么成分。第三要注意从句要用陈述语序。第四要选择合适的疑问词, 如果要说明人, 注意who能够代替whom作宾格, 但是, whom代替不了who作主格。巧学法园地强调结构记忆口诀it强调并不难,that总是在中间。除了谓语不用管,主宾表状都提前。否定转移必考题,否定强调难为你。疑问强调莫忽视,场上要牢记。