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2020学年人教版英语精品资料限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句Section_Grammar_&_Writing一、限制性定语从句定语从句对先行词具有限制作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确，这种定语从句被称为限制性定语从句，这类从句不能省掉，否则句意就不完整。The boy (who/whom/that) I taught yesterday was very clever.我昨天教的那个小男孩很聪明。I was the only person in our class that was praised by the headmaster at the meeting.我是我们班唯一一个在会议上受到校长表扬的人。I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.我带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。1(江西高考改编)Among the many dangers which/that sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.(湖南高考改编)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.二、非限制性定语从句定语从句有时与先行词的关系不是十分密切，只是作附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句被称为非限制性定语从句，往往用逗号把这类从句与主句分开。She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into mouth.她听到一声巨响，这把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要事情要告诉你。That is his room, whose window faces south.那是他的房间，房间的窗户朝南。2(北京高考改编)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.(浙江高考改编)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who,_for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1形式不同限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号和主句隔开。Mr Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is one of my best friends.(非限制性定语从句)昨天来看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。I will never forget the day when we worked together.(限制性定语从句)我永远不会忘记我们在一起工作的日子。3(四川高考改编)Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.(山东高考改编)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.2先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一句话。试比较：This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(先行词是novel)The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.这是我昨天晚上看过的小说，非常有意思。(先行词为novel)The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad.这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(先行词为“The novel is very interesting”)4(天津高考改编)We have launched another manmade satellite, which is announced in todays newspaper.(安徽高考改编)The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.3关系词的使用情况不同不同点限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句使用的关系词不同可用that，why 引导不可用that，why，要用for which 代替why关系词的省略情况不同关系代词作宾语时可省略所有关系词均不可省略The house (that/which) I bought last month has got a beautiful garden.我上个月买的那幢房子有一个漂亮的花园。Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday?你能告诉我他昨天缺席的原因吗？This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.这就是我们正谈论的那个人。点津在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词可用who, that或whom。但在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。I have a sister, who is a doctor.我有个姐姐，她是个医生。四、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别1as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。2as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。3as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected.正如期望的那样，他实验做得非常成功。He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.他实验失败了，这是没有料到的。As we all know, paper was first made in China.正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1I shall never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers, which has a great effect on my life.2His parents wouldnt marry her to anyone whose family was poor.3Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city, as happened in Tangshan in 1976.4My most famous relative of all, the one who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great grandfather.5Finally the thief handed in everything that he had stolen to the police.6This was the reason that/why he was late yesterday.7Some preschool children go to a day care center, where they learn simple games and songs.8This is the place where I lived three years ago.9This is the place that/which we visited three years ago.10This is the best dictionary that Ive ever bought.单句改错1Which is known to the world, the 2018 World Cup will be held in Russia.WhichAs2Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.itwhich或在it前加上and 3It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.thatas或在lift后加it4Our teacher is very strict with us, that does much good to us. thatwhich或在that前加上and5He will come to see me next July, which he wont be so busy. whichwhen6The reason why he explained to me is not proper. 去掉why或whythat/which7They talked about the things and persons whom they remembered when they were young.whomthat观点对比类议论文8He has two sons, both of them are teachers. themwhom或在both前加上and假如你叫张华，是某中学的高一学生。为营造一个良好的学习环境，学校领导打算在教室里面安装空调。对此，你班学生展开了一场热烈的讨论。请根据下表中的讨论结果，用英语给校长写一封信。赞成观点反对观点你的观点(1)空调冬暖夏凉，优化学习环境(2)家庭条件好了，支付得起费用(1)装空调会污染环境(2)产生噪音影响学习(3)增加学生经济负担，有的家庭负担不起不同意装空调，理由是：(1)(2)Dear headmaster，Knowing that our school is going to install airconditioners in the classrooms, the students of our class had a heated discussion.Some students are for the plan while others are against it.Students who are for the plan think that airconditioners can make us comfortable both in summer and in winter.Besides, their families are well off and can afford the cost.However, other students think that airconditioners can make the environment get worse, and airconditioners will make a lot of noise which will have a bad effect on their studies.Meanwhile, installing airconditioners will increase their economic burden.In my opinion, I dont agree to install airconditioners.We are students, so we should pay much more attention to our study instead of seeking socalled comfortable conditions.Whats more, the most important thing is that we should protect our environment as well.Best wishes.Yours，Zhang Hua,第一段：直接说明了辩论主题和参与者。第二、三段：从正反两方面进行辩论陈述。第四段：陈述了作者自己的看法和主张。文章要点全面，结构清晰，论据充分，语句顺畅紧凑。亮点一：句中运用现在分词作伴随状语，开门见山地引出话题，能够很好地吸引读者兴趣。亮点二：句中，besides, however, meanwhile, in my opinion, whats more等连接词的运用恰到好处，使上下文逻辑性强，全文语意连贯、丰满。亮点三：句运用定语从句，句运用表语从句，结构复杂，语意表达清楚连贯，给文章增色不少。如何写观点对比类议论文议论文是通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张的一种文体，要求作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。观点对比类议论文是从正反两方面辩证地说明某个观点。1观点对比类议论文的结构通常为：提出问题；陈述不同的观点及其理由；说明自己的观点。2要做到要点完整，条理清晰。各段之间层次清楚，以使文章显得有条理。从文章结构层次上讲，通常采用三段式。3正确定位时态，常用一般现在时。行文时要注意关联词的使用，并选择使用恰当的表达方式，如复合句、反问句、祈使句等，使文章不落俗套。4准确使用常用词汇与结构，使文章更地道。1文章开头常用语：Recently we have had a discussion/debate .Some people are in favor of .Other people are against .There are different opinions among people as to .Different people have/hold different views/opinions on this problem.2陈述正方观点常用语：Some people hold the opinion that .People who are for the idea think that .3陈述反方观点常用语：Others hold a different view/hold the opposite opinion/have different opinions.However, the others are strongly against it.4陈述个人观点常用语：In my opinion/As for me/Personally speaking, it is a good idea .My point of view is that .As far as Im concerned, every coin has two sides.下面是你班同学对志愿工作看法的调查表，请根据表中的内容写一篇短文，最后阐述你自己的观点。70%的同学赞成参加志愿工作为社会作贡献，帮助别人是一件很有意义的事情，志愿工作会带来很多好处，会为今后的工作积累技能和经验，可以增强自信心、自觉意识和培养良好的交际能力和领导才能30%的同学不赞成从事志愿工作无报酬，浪费时间，耽误学习你自己的观点词数：100左右。_参考范文：Different students hold different views about the voluntary work according to the survey.We are glad to see that 70% of the students approve of doing voluntary work. In their opinion, making a contribution to the society and lending a helping hand to others is worthwhile. At the same time, it brings a lot of benefits. People can gain valuable experience and skills for the future career. Whats more, voluntary work offers a good number of opportunities for them to build confidence, selfawareness, good communication skills and leadership.However, 30% of the students disapprove of doing voluntary work. They think that working without payment is a waste of time and that voluntary work will affect their study.In my opinion, wed better take the chance to take part in voluntary work, no matter how small it is, because it can do much good to us.
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